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Tounsi S, Giorgi D, Kuzmanović L, Jrad O, Farina A, Capoccioni A, Ben Ayed R, Brini F, Ceoloni C. Coping with salinity stress: segmental group 7 chromosome introgressions from halophytic Thinopyrum species greatly enhance tolerance of recipient durum wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1378186. [PMID: 38766466 PMCID: PMC11099908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1378186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Increased soil salinization, tightly related to global warming and drought and exacerbated by intensified irrigation supply, implies highly detrimental effects on staple food crops such as wheat. The situation is particularly alarming for durum wheat (DW), better adapted to arid/semi-arid environments yet more sensitive to salt stress than bread wheat (BW). To enhance DW salinity tolerance, we resorted to chromosomally engineered materials with introgressions from allied halophytic Thinopyrum species. "Primary" recombinant lines (RLs), having portions of their 7AL arms distally replaced by 7el1L Th. ponticum segments, and "secondary" RLs, harboring Th. elongatum 7EL insertions "nested" into 7el1L segments, in addition to near-isogenic lines lacking any alien segment (CLs), cv. Om Rabia (OR) as salt tolerant control, and BW introgression lines with either most of 7el1 or the complete 7E chromosome substitution as additional CLs, were subjected to moderate (100 mM) and intense (200 mM) salt (NaCl) stress at early growth stages. The applied stress altered cell cycle progression, determining a general increase of cells in G1 and a reduction in S phase. Assessment of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits overall showed that the presence of Thinopyrum spp. segments was associated with considerably increased salinity tolerance versus its absence. For relative water content, Na+ accumulation and K+ retention in roots and leaves, oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and antioxidant enzyme activities, the observed differences between stressed and unstressed RLs versus CLs was of similar magnitude in "primary" and "secondary" types, suggesting that tolerance factors might reside in defined 7el1L shared portion(s). Nonetheless, the incremental contribution of 7EL segments emerged in various instances, greatly mitigating the effects of salt stress on root and leaf growth and on the quantity of photosynthetic pigments, boosting accumulation of compatible solutes and minimizing the decrease of a powerful antioxidant like ascorbate. The seemingly synergistic effect of 7el1L + 7EL segments/genes made "secondary" RLs able to often exceed cv. OR and equal or better perform than BW lines. Thus, transfer of a suite of genes from halophytic germplasm by use of fine chromosome engineering strategies may well be the way forward to enhance salinity tolerance of glycophytes, even the sensitive DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tounsi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Debora Giorgi
- ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Ljiljana Kuzmanović
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Olfa Jrad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anna Farina
- ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Capoccioni
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Rayda Ben Ayed
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Carla Ceoloni
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Khan MM, Rahman MM, Hasan MM, Amin MF, Matin MQI, Faruq G, Alkeridis LA, Gaber A, Hossain A. Assessment of the salt tolerance of diverse bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes during the early growth stage under hydroponic culture conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29042. [PMID: 38601562 PMCID: PMC11004879 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Soil salinity affects the growth of crop plants, leading to reduced productivity, and is a major challenge for wheat production worldwide. Various adaptations and mitigation approaches in combination with tolerant wheat genotypes can be useful for the sustainability of crop production in saline environments. However, the development of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes is one of the best and most efficient solutions for obtaining desirable yields. Considering these issues, an investigation was carried out under hydroponic nutrient culture conditions to assess the genetic variability and selection of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes by categorizing inequitable morphophysiological and genetic variability as well as multivariate analysis. Methods To meet the objectives of this study, 100 wheat genotypes were tested hydroponically in 0 (control) and 15 dS m-1 salt solutions. Conclusion For all the wheat genotypes grown under saline conditions, the shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), total fresh weight (TFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), and total dry weight (TDW) decreased significantly. Furthermore, significant variation was observed among the genotypes in terms of their characteristics only under saline conditions. In the case of genetic diversity analysis, a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genetic advance in the percentage of the mean (GAM) and high heritability (h2b) were recorded for all tested wheat genotypes based on the SDW, RDW and TDW. Correlation analysis for both genotypic and phenotypic relationships revealed strong positive correlations for TDW, SDW, TFW and SFW. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that TDW, TFW, SDW, and SFW were the most discriminative variables for the wheat genotypes, which was confirmed by discriminant function analysis (DFA). PCA-biplot analysis also revealed significant positive correlations between SDW and SFW and between TDW and TFW. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed for ten clusters based on the relative performance of the genotypes, where the genotypes were characterized into salt-tolerant, medium-salt-tolerant, medium-salt-susceptible and salt-susceptible groups. Among the genotypes, G11, G25 and G29 under cluster VII were categorized as salt tolerant based on their outstanding performance in terms of characteristics only under saline conditions. D2 analysis proved that the wheat genotypes of this cluster were highly divergent from the other cluster genotypes; as a result, these genotypes might be utilized as parents in the development of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes. The current study concluded that SDW and TDW could be employed as criteria for selecting and defining salt-tolerant genotypes during the early growth stage of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mustafa Khan
- Regional Station, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Regional Station, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahamudul Hasan
- Regional Station, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Forhad Amin
- Regional Station, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | | | - Golam Faruq
- Wheat Breeding Division, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, B.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
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Alam MA, Rahman MA, Rahman MM, Hasan MM, Naher S, Fahim AHF, Mottalib MA, Roy S, Islam MR, Mozumder SN, Alsuhaibani AM, Gaber A, Hossain A. Performance valuation of onion ( Allium cepa L.) genotypes under different levels of salinity for the development of cultivars suitable for saline regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154051. [PMID: 37063224 PMCID: PMC10102481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, especially salt stress, is one of the major barriers to crop production worldwide. Crops like onion that belong to the glycophytic group are more sensitive to salinity stress. A huge study regarding the influence of salinity stress on the growth and development of crops has already been done and is still ongoing. One of the major targets of the research is to develop genotypes that have enhanced performance under stress environments. The world needs more of these types of genotypes to combat the ever-growing salt-stressed soils. Therefore, a number of germplasm were studied during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 seasons under different salt concentrations to identify tolerant genotypes as well as to study the plants' responses at different growth stages against elevated salinity levels. A 2-year study was conducted where germination potential was evaluated in the first year and carried out in petri dish culture of seeds, followed by plastic pot culture for plant establishment and bulb development evaluation during the second year. Four different saline water solutions having different salt concentrations (0, 8, 10, and 12 dS m-1) were applied to the petri dishes and pots as the source of water for plants in both seasons. Results indicated that a significant reduction in plants' performance occurs under higher salinity levels. Salt concentration had an adverse impact on germination, leaf development and growth, the height of plants, bulb size and shape, and the bulb weight of onion. All the growth phases of onion are sensitive to elevated concentrations. Variable performances were observed in the genotypes under stress conditions, and a few genotypes (Ac Bog 409, Ac Bog 414, Ac Bog 424, Ac Bog 430, Ac Bog 417, Ac Bog 419, Ac Bog 420, Ac Bog 422, and Ac Bog 425) having some sort of tolerance to salt stress were identified, which might be recommended for mass production. Tolerance indices could successfully be applied in selecting the salt-tolerant genotypes. Thus, the present findings and the identified genotypes could be further utilized in salt stress improvement research on onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashraful Alam
- Plant Breeding Division, Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Atikur Rahman
- Division of Soil Science, Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Marufur Rahman
- Regional Station, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahmudul Hasan
- Division of Horticulture, Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsun Naher
- Division of Soil Science, Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hena Faisal Fahim
- Division of Agronomy, Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Mottalib
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Srabanti Roy
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rafiqul Islam
- Division of Agronomy, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Shailendra Nath Mozumder
- Division of Horticulture, Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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Mohamed M, Siddiqui MN, Oyiga BC, Léon J, Ballvora A. Validation of a QTL on Chromosome 1DS Showing a Major Effect on Salt Tolerance in Winter Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13745. [PMID: 36430224 PMCID: PMC9691212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one the most destructive abiotic stressors, causing yield losses in wheat worldwide. A prerequisite for improving salt tolerance is the identification of traits for screening genotypes and uncovering causative genes. Two populations of F3 lines developed from crosses between sensitive and tolerant parents were tested for salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Based on their response, the offspring were classified as salt sensitive and tolerant. Under saline conditions, tolerant genotypes showed lower Na+ and proline content but higher K+, higher chlorophyll content, higher K+/Na+ ratio, higher PSII activity levels, and higher photochemical efficiency, and were selected for further molecular analysis. Five stress responsive QTL identified in a previous study were validated in the populations. A QTL on the short arm of chromosome 1D showed large allelic effects in several salt tolerant related traits. An expression analysis of associated candidate genes showed that TraesCS1D02G052200 and TraesCS5B02G368800 had the highest expression in most tissues. Furthermore, qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed that ZIP-7 had higher differential expressions under saline conditions compared to KefC, AtABC8 and 6-SFT. This study provides information on the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance that could be useful in development of salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Mohamed
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Agronomy Department, College of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedict Chijioke Oyiga
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht (KWS) KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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El-Dakak R, El-Aggan W, Badr G, Helaly A, Tammam A. Positive Salt Tolerance Modulation via Vermicompost Regulation of SOS1 Gene Expression and Antioxidant Homeostasis in Viciafaba Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112477. [PMID: 34834839 PMCID: PMC8621451 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Strategic implementation of vermicompost as safe biofertilizer besides defensing saline soils offer dual function solving problems in developing countries. The current study aims to utilize vermicompost (VC) for amelioration of 200mM NaCl in Vicia faba Aspani cultivar and investigate the molecular role of salt overly sensitive pathway (SOS1). The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with three replicates. Treatments include 0; 2.5; 5; 10; 15% dried VC intermingled with soil mixture (clay: sand; 1:2) and/or 200 mM NaCl. The results show that salinity stress decreased broad bean fresh and dry weight; and K+/Na+. However, malonedialdehyde and H2O2 contents; increased. Application of 10% VC and salinity stress increases Ca2+ (41% and 50%), K+/Na+ (125% and 89%), Mg2+ (25% and 36%), N (8% and 11%), indole acetic acid (70% and 152%) and proteins (9% and 13%) for root and shoot, respectively, in comparison to salt treated pots. Moreover, all examined enzymatic antioxidants and their substrates increased, except glutathione reductase. A parallel decrease in abscisic acid (75% and 29%) and proline (59% and 58%) was also recorded for roots and leaves, respectively. Interestingly, the highly significant increase in gene expression of SOS1 (45-fold) could drive defense machinery of broad bean to counteract 200 mM NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab El-Dakak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (W.E.-A.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Weam El-Aggan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (W.E.-A.); (A.T.)
| | - Ghadah Badr
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Elmergib University, Al Khums P.O. Box 40414, Libya;
| | - Amira Helaly
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Amel Tammam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (W.E.-A.); (A.T.)
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Naveed M, Ditta A, Ahmad M, Mustafa A, Ahmad Z, Conde-Cid M, Tahir S, Shah SAA, Abrar MM, Fahad S. Processed animal manure improves morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. under nickel and salinity stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45629-45645. [PMID: 33871777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with readily soluble salts and heavy metals is a major challenge concerning sustainable crop production. The use of organic wastes in agriculture not only helps in waste reduction but also acts as a soil conditioner and bio-stimulant for enhancing crop growth. In this regard, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of raw and processed animal manure (AM) on the growth, yield, and physicochemical parameters of Brassica napus L. developed under salinity and Ni stress. The experiment comprised two salinity levels (1.05 and 8 dS m-1), two Ni levels (0 and 50 mg kg-1), and two types of AMs (raw and processed at a rate of 2% w/w). A control treatment without AM incorporation was also included. In results, the application of AM markedly increased the growth and yield of B. napus under Ni and salinity stress; at the same time, it improved the physiological and chemical parameters of the said crop. Similarly, incorporation of processed AM significantly improved nutrient uptake and decreased Na/K ratios in the shoot and grain under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. Likewise, Ni uptake in the grain, shoot, and root samples was also significantly reduced under the AM treatment. Also, the application of AM significantly reduced the daily intake of metal (DIM) index and the health risk index (HRI) values under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of processed AM constitutes an effective agricultural strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of Ni and salinity stress on growth, physiology, and yield of B. napus, thus resulting in enhanced productivity, as well as reduced risks associated with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Maryum Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Biology Centre CAS, SoWa, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Manuel Conde-Cid
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Shermeen Tahir
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Atizaz Ali Shah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Abrar
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Biswas S, Biswas AK, De B. Influence of sodium chloride on growth and metabolic reprogramming in nonprimed and haloprimed seedlings of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1559-1583. [PMID: 32647999 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salinity hinders agricultural productivity worldwide by distressing plant metabolism. Growth of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. var. Sulata), an adverse climate-resistant pulse, is arrested under salinity. Present research integrates study of physio-biochemical parameters and non-targeted metabolomics approach to explore the alterations in metabolic pathway during adaptive responses of nonprimed and haloprimed blackgram seedlings grown hydroponically under NaCl stress. Salinity provoked accumulation of peroxides, compatible solutes and phenolics which increased free radical scavenging activities of nonprimed seedlings under salinity. Pre-germination seed halopriming abrogated NaCl-mediated adversities in haloprimed plantlets favouring better growth. Thus, farmers may adopt seed halopriming technique to improve blackgram productivity in saline-prone fields. Additionally, metabolomics study uncovered numerous metabolites amongst which 35 compounds altered significantly under salinity. The candidate metabolites were aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-asparagine, DL-isoleucine, L-homoserine, citrulline, L-ornithine, D-altrose, D-allose, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, fructose, tagatose, sucrose, D-glucose, maltose, glycerol-1-phosphate, D-sorbitol, benzoic acid, shikimic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, arbutin, succinic acid, pipecolic acid, fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, oxalic acid, glyceric acid, maleamic acid, adenine, guanosine, lauric acid, stearic acid and porphine. Comparing metabolic responses of nonprimed and haloprimed seedlings, it was clear that efficient alteration in carbohydrate metabolism, phenolics accumulation, amino acid, organic acid and nucleic acid metabolism were the key places of metabolic reprogramming for tolerating salinity. Overall, we report, for the first time, 35 contributory candidate compounds that constituted core fundamental metabolome invoking salinity tolerance in nonprimed and haloprimed blackgram. These metabolites may be targeted by biotechnologists to produce high vigour salt-tolerant transgenic blackgram via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarni Biswas
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Asok K Biswas
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Bratati De
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Mansour E, Moustafa ESA, Desoky ESM, Ali MMA, Yasin MAT, Attia A, Alsuhaibani N, Tahir MU, El-Hendawy S. Multidimensional Evaluation for Detecting Salt Tolerance of Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Actual Saline Field Growing Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1324. [PMID: 33036311 PMCID: PMC7601346 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Field-based trials and genotype evaluation until yielding stage are two important steps in improving the salt tolerance of crop genotypes and identifying what parameters can be strong candidates for the better understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms in different genotypes. In this study, the salt tolerance of 18 bread wheat genotypes was evaluated under natural saline field conditions and at three saline irrigation levels (5.25, 8.35, and 11.12 dS m-1) extracted from wells. Multidimensional evaluation for salt tolerance of these genotypes was done using a set of agronomic and physio-biochemical attributes. Based on yield index under three salinity levels, the genotypes were classified into four groups ranging from salt-tolerant to salt-sensitive genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotypes exhibited values of total chlorophyll, gas exchange (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), water relation (relative water content and membrane stability index), nonenzymatic osmolytes (soluble sugar, free proline, and ascorbic acid), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), K+ content, and K+/Na+ ratio that were greater than those of salt-sensitive genotypes. Additionally, the salt-tolerant genotypes consistently exhibited good control of Na+ and Cl- levels and maintained lower contents of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage under high salinity level, compared with the salt-sensitive genotypes. Several physio-biochemical parameters showed highly positive associations with grain yield and its components, whereas negative association was observed in other parameters. Accordingly, these physio-biochemical parameters can be used as individual or complementary screening criteria for evaluating salt tolerance and improvement of bread wheat genotypes under natural saline field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed Mansour
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (E.M.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.T.Y.); (A.A.)
| | | | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. A. Ali
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (E.M.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.T.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. T. Yasin
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (E.M.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.T.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Attia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (E.M.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.T.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Nasser Alsuhaibani
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.U.T.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Tahir
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.U.T.)
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.U.T.)
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Khadka K, Raizada MN, Navabi A. Recent Progress in Germplasm Evaluation and Gene Mapping to Enable Breeding of Drought-Tolerant Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1149. [PMID: 32849707 PMCID: PMC7417477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to increase wheat productivity to meet the food demands of the ever-growing human population. However, accelerated development of high yielding varieties is hindered by drought, which is worsening due to climate change. In this context, germplasm diversity is central to the development of drought-tolerant wheat. Extensive collections of these genetic resources are conserved in national and international genebanks. In addition to phenotypic assessments, the use of advanced molecular techniques (e.g., genotype by sequencing) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance related traits is useful for genome- and marker-assisted selection based approaches. Therefore, to assist wheat breeders at a critical time, we searched the recent peer-reviewed literature (2011-current), first, to identify wheat germplasm observed to be useful genetic sources for drought tolerance, and second, to report QTLs associated with drought tolerance. Though many breeders limit the parents used in breeding programs to a familiar core collection, the results of this review show that larger germplasm collections have been sources of useful genes for drought tolerance in wheat. The review also demonstrates that QTLs for drought tolerance in wheat are associated with diverse physio-morphological traits, at different growth stages. Here, we also briefly discuss the potential of genome engineering/editing to improve drought tolerance in wheat. The use of CRISPR-Cas9 and other gene-editing technologies can be used to fine-tune the expression of genes controlling drought adaptive traits, while high throughput phenotyping (HTP) techniques can potentially accelerate the selection process. These efforts are empowered by wheat researcher consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Khadka
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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