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Li K, Bai G, Teng C, Liu Z, Liu L, Yan H, Zhou J, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Prediction equations of the metabolizable energy in corn developed by chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysate gross energy for roosters. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103249. [PMID: 38035475 PMCID: PMC10698668 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to establish the prediction equations for AME and TME of corn based on chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE) in roosters. In experiment 1, eighty 32-wk-old Hy-line Brown roosters with an average body weight of 2.55 ± 0.21 kg were randomly assigned to 10 diet treatments in a completely randomized design to determine AME and TME by the force-feeding method. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 1 bird per replicate. The 10 test diets used in the experiment were formulated with corn (including 96.10%) as the sole source of energy. In experiment 2, the EHGE of 14 corn samples was measured by the computer-controlled simulated digestion system (CCSDS) with 5 replicates of each sample. The average AME and TME values of corn were 14.58 and 16.46 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The EHGE of 14 corn samples ranged from 14.66 to 15.89 (the mean was 15.24) MJ/kg DM. The best-fit equations for corn based on chemical composition were AME (MJ/kg DM) = 14.5504 + 0.1166 × ether extract (EE) + 0.5058 × Ash - 0.0957 × neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (R2 = 0.8194, residual standard deviation (RSD) = 0.0860, P < 0.01) and TME (MJ/kg DM) = 16.0625 + 0.1314 × EE + 0.4725 × Ash - 0.0872 × NDF (R2 = 0.7867, RSD = 0.0860, P < 0.01). The best-fit equations for corn based on EHGE were AME (MJ/kg DM) = 7.8883 + 0.4568 × EHGE (R2 = 0.8587, RSD = 0.0693, P < 0.01) and TME (MJ/kg DM) = 10.0099 + 0.4228 × EHGE (R2 = 0.8720, RSD = 0.0608, P < 0.01). The differences between determined and predicted values from equations established based on EHGE were lower than those observed from chemical composition equations. These results indicated that EHGE measured with CCSDS could predict the AME and TME of corn for roosters with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guosong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunran Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengqun Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honglin Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jianchuan Zhou
- Sichuan Tie Qi Li Shi Food Co. Ltd., Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Hong X, Zhang Y, Ni H, Xiao Q, Yin Y, Ren J, Zhao P, Zhang Z, Li X, Li Y, Yang Y. Optimization of Fermented Maize Stover for the Fattening Phase of Geese: Effect on Production Performance and Gut Microflora. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:433. [PMID: 38338076 PMCID: PMC10854615 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To optimize the utilization of fermented maize stover (FMS) feed during the fattening phase of Xianghai flying geese (XFG), a total of 300 XFG at 125 days of age were randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups with three replicates of 25 in each set. Group A was fed the basal fattening diet, while the B, C, and D groups were fed the basic fattening diet and diets supplemented with 5%, 10% or 15% FMS, respectively. The findings indicate that the production performance indicators (especially the dressed, eviscerated and breast muscle yield) of Group D closely resembled Group A more than Groups B and C. Intestinal morphometry found that the jejunal villus height and the villus height/crypt depth were significantly increased in Group D compared to Group A. Next, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the extracted DNA revealed that beneficial microbiota (Coprococcus and Victivallis) showed increased abundance in Group D. Cecal flora function analysis further revealed that some amino acid and glycerol biosynthesis were found to be associated with growth performance in geese. These findings suggest that incorporating 15% FMS as a substitute for a portion of the feed during the fattening phase of XFG can effectively sustain their production performance, optimize the gut microbial community and morphometrical traits, provide new insight into using non-conventional feed resources to reduce feed cost and improve economic benefits in the breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hong
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hongyu Ni
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qingxing Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yijing Yin
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Puze Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Yumei Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Lyu Z, Chen Y, Wang F, Liu L, Zhang S, Lai C. Net energy and its establishment of prediction equations for wheat bran in growing pigs. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:108-118. [PMID: 35760408 PMCID: PMC9834652 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) value of 6 wheat bran and 1 wheat shorts by indirect calorimetry and establish the NE prediction equations of wheat bran fed to growing barrows. METHODS Forty-eight growing barrows (28.5±2.4 kg body weight) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 8 dietary treatments that included a corn-soybean meal basal diet, 6 wheat bran diets and 1 wheat shorts diet. The inclusion level of wheat bran or wheat shorts in diets is 30%. RESULTS The addition of wheat bran reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients (p<0.05). The ATTD of gross energy, crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) in the wheat shorts were greater than that in the wheat bran. Addition of wheat bran or wheat shorts had no effect on total heat production and fasting heat production. The NE of wheat bran was negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber (r = -0.84; p<0.05) and acid detergent fiber (r = -0.83; p<0.05), while it was positively correlated with CP (r = 0.92; p<0.01). The NE values of wheat bran ranged from 6.79 to 8.15 MJ/kg DM, and the NE value of wheat shorts was 12.47 MJ/kg DM. The ratio of NE to metabolizable energy for wheat bran fed to growing pigs was from 66.0% to 71.7%, whereas the value for wheat shorts was 83.7%. CONCLUSION The NE values of wheat bran ranged from 6.79 to 8.15 MJ/kg DM, and the NE value of wheat shorts was 12.47 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of wheat bran can be well predicted based on energy content and proximate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China,Guangdong HAID Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511446,
China
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000,
China
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Changhua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China,Corresponding Author: Changhua Lai, Tel: +86-10-62733588, Fax: +86-10-62733688, E-mail:
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Wang Y, Gao J, Cheng C, Lv J, Lambo MT, Zhang G, Li Y, Zhang Y. Nutritional Values of Industrial Hemp Byproducts for Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243488. [PMID: 36552408 PMCID: PMC9774913 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to explore the nutritional components of industrial hemp byproducts (industrial hemp ethanol extraction byproduct, IHEEB; industrial hemp stalk, IHS; industrial hemp seed meal, IHSM; industrial hemp oil filter residue, IHOFR) and provide theoretical support for the application of industrial hemp byproducts in dairy cattle production. This experiment used a combination of a wet chemical method with Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System, in situ nylon bag technique, and three-step in vitro method to compare the chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein composition, in situ ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of industrial hemp byproducts and conventional feeds (alfalfa hay, AH; soybean meal, SBM). Available energy values were estimated based on the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The results showed that the nutritional composition of different feeds varied greatly. The two types of IHEEB were enriched with ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and calcium, while the contents of neutral detergent insoluble crude protein, acid detergent insoluble crude protein, and acid detergent lignin were higher. As a result, the non-degradable carbohydrate and protein components were higher, and the effective degradation rate of rumen dry matter and protein was lower. IHS contains higher non-protein nitrogen and NDF, which enables it to provide more CP rumen effective degradation rate and carbohydrates, but the high acid detergent fiber also limits its application. IHSM possesses 296 g/kg CP and high rumen undegradable protein and intestinal digested protein, which can provide rumen bypass protein in dairy cows, making it a potentially good protein source. IHOFR had higher ether extract, rumen available protein degradation rate, and total tract digested protein, which can provide more energy and easily degradable protein for lactating cows. The available energy value of IHEEB and IHS was lower than AH, while SBM is between IHFOR and IHSM. In addition, the tetrahydrocannabinol of three industrial hemp byproducts that have not been assessed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was tested to evaluate their safety, and all of them were less than the limit set by ESFA. In conclusion, industrial hemp byproducts can be considered for inclusion in dietary formulations as unconventional feed sources for dairy cattle, but the purpose of use needs to be properly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Li
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-0451-55190840 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-0451-55190840 (Y.Z.)
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