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Ahmad V, Jamal A, Khan MI, Alzahrani FA, Albiheyri R, Jamal QMS. Cefoperazone targets D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (DAC) to control Morganella morganii-mediated infection: a subtractive genomic and molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6799-6812. [PMID: 37480259 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2238088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Morganella morganii is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and newborn meningitis. To control this bacterial pathogen a total of 3565 putative proteins targets in Morganella morganii were screened using comparative subtractive analysis of biochemical pathways annotated by the KEGG that did not share any similarities with human proteins. One of the targets, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB [Morganella] was observed to be implicated in the majority of cell wall synthesis pathways, leading to its selection as a novel pharmacological target. The drug that interacted optimally with the identified target was observed to be Cefoperazone (DB01329) with the estimated free energy of binding -8.9 Kcal/mol. During molecular dynamics simulations; it was observed that DB01328-2exb and DB01329-2exb complexes showed similar values as the control FMX-2exb complex near 0.2 nm with better stability. Furthermore, MMPBSA total free energy calculation showed better binding energy than the control complex for DB01329-2exb interaction i.e. -31.50 (±0.93) kcal/mol. Our presented research suggested that D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB could be a therapeutic target and cefoperazone could be a promising ligand to inhibit the D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB protein of Morganella morganii. To identify prospective therapeutic and vaccine targets in Morganella morganii, this is the first computational and subtractive genomics investigation of various metabolic pathways exploring other therapeutic targets of Morganella morganii. In vitro/in vivo experimental validation of the identified target D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase and the design of its inhibitors is suggested to figure out the best dose, the drug's effectiveness, and its toxicity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varish Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
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Li H, Chen Z, Ning Q, Zong F, Wang H. Isolation and Identification of Morganella morganii from Rhesus Monkey ( Macaca mulatta) in China. Vet Sci 2024; 11:223. [PMID: 38787195 PMCID: PMC11125673 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A bacterium was isolated and identified from the secretion of a rhesus monkey with endometritis. The morphological results showed that the strain exhibited round, convex, gray-white colonies with smooth surfaces and diameters ranging from 1 to 2 mm when cultured on Columbia blood agar at 37 °C for 24 h; on salmonella-shigella agar (S.S.) at 37 °C for 24 h, the colonies appeared round, flat, and translucent. Gram staining showed negative results with blunt ends and non-spore-forming characteristics. Molecular biology results showed that the 16S rRNA sequence of the strain revealed over 96.9% similarity with published sequences of M. morganii from different sources in the NCBI GenBank database. Morphological and molecular biology analysis confirmed that the strain (RM2023) isolated from cervical secretions of rhesus monkey was M. morganii. Drug sensitivity testing demonstrated that the isolated strain (RM2023) was sensitive to ceftriaxone, amikacin, gentamicin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, norfloxacin, and tetracycline; moderately sensitive to ampicillin; and resistant to penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. The research findings provide valuable insights for disease prevention in rhesus monkeys and contribute to molecular epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.L.); (Z.C.); (Q.N.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.L.); (Z.C.); (Q.N.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Qing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.L.); (Z.C.); (Q.N.)
| | - Faliang Zong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.L.); (Z.C.); (Q.N.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China;
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Bo T, Liu H, Liu M, Liu Q, Li Q, Cong Y, Luo Y, Wang Y, Yu B, Pu T, Wang L, Wang Z, Wang D. Mechanism of inulin in colic and gut microbiota of captive Asian elephant. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:148. [PMID: 37408039 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota have a complex role on the survivability, digestive physiology, production, and growth performance in animals. Recent studies have emphasized the effects of prebiotics therapy on the gut disease, but the relationship between elephant gut-related diseases and prebiotics remains elusive. Here, a case study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism of inulin treatment in colic in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus Linnaeus). METHODS Fecal samples were collected from a sick elephant and four healthy elephants. Analysis of microbial profile was carried out by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the short chain fatty acids were tested by gas chromatography. The physiological function of "inulin-microbiota" of elephant was verified in mice by fecal microbial transplantation (FMT). The expression of related proteins was determined by Western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS (1) Eating inulin can cure gut colic of the sick elephant and changed gut microbiota. (2) It was found that "inulin microbiota" from the post-treatment elephants can promote the proliferation of intestinal cells, increase the utilization of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), maintain intestinal barrier, and reduce the inflammation in mice. (3) The mechanism was inulin-gut microbiota-SCFAs-immune barrier. CONCLUSIONS Inulin contributed to rehabilitate the gut microbiota and gut immune barrier of the elephant with colic. This provides reasonable verification for using prebiotics to treat the colic in captive elephants. Prebiotics will foresure play an increasingly important role in disease prevention and treatment of captive animals in the future. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbei Bo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - He Liu
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qingduo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Cong
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tianchun Pu
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing key laboratory of captive wildlife technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Dissemination in the Wildlife, Livestock, and Water of Maiella National Park, Italy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030432. [PMID: 36766321 PMCID: PMC9913102 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern that has been linked to humans, animals, and the environment. The One Health approach highlights the connection between humans, animals, and the environment and suggests that a multidisciplinary approached be used in studies investigating AMR. The present study was carried out to identify and characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from wildlife and livestock feces as well as from surface water samples in Maiella National Park, Italy. Ecological and georeferenced data were used to select two sampling locations, one where wildlife was caught within livestock grazing areas (sympatric group) and one where wildlife was caught outside of livestock grazing areas (non-sympatric group). Ninety-nine bacterial isolates from 132 feces samples and seven isolates from five water samples were collected between October and December 2019. The specimens were examined for species identification, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular detection of antibiotic resistance. Forty isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, forty-eight as Enterococcus spp., eight as Streptococcus spp. and ten as other gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, including some antibiotics that play a critical role in human medicine, was detected in 36/106 (33.9%, 95% CI: 25-43) isolates and multidrug resistance was detected in 9/106 isolates (8.49%, 95% CI: 3.9-15.5). In addition, genes associated with antibiotic resistance were identified in 61/106 (57.55%, 95% CI: 47.5-67) isolates. The samples from sympatric areas were 2.11 (95% CI: 1.2-3.5) times more likely to contain resistant bacterial isolates than the samples from non-sympatric areas. These data suggest that drug resistant bacteria may be transmitted in areas where wildlife and livestock cohabitate. This emphasizes the need for further investigations focusing on the interactions between humans, wildlife, and the environment, the results of which can aid in the early detection of emerging AMR profiles and possible transmission routes.
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Morganella Morganii Infection in Hirudo Medicinalis (Iran): A Case Report. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100562. [PMID: 36288175 PMCID: PMC9608614 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Morganella morganii is a motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped facultative an-aerobic gram-negative bacterium found in the intestines of people, the oral cavity of animals, and the environment. Reptiles, guinea pigs, rabbits, jaguars, elephant seals, broiler chickens, piglets, and dolphins have all been documented to have M. morganii infection. Medicinal leeches are used in surgical and non-surgical manners. Treatment of long-term and chronic pain syndrome induced by degenerative diseases in a non-surgical method. For the first time in Iran, our investigation discovered M. morganii-infected Hirudo medicinalis. Infection with M. morganii caused a significant death and morbidity rate (70%) and severe clinical abnormalities. Abstract Medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) are used in surgical and non-surgical manners. Morganella morganii is an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogenic bacterium causing serious clinical complications. In this study, we isolated, discovered and characterized M. morganii-infected H. medicinalis. We detected and identified M. morganii in all inflamed and swollen Hirudo medicinalis samples. The 16S rRNA sequence of the isolates confirmed all strains of M. morganii. All strains were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Ceftiofur, Danofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Oxytetracycline, and Meropenem and were resistant to Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Colistin, Penicillin G, and Lincomycin. This pathogenic bacterium is a zoonotic pathogen, and monitoring the prevalence rate of this bacteria is strongly necessary for leeches used in human medical treatment and care. Finally, all infected leeches were treated successfully in this case report study.
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Lee K, Park SY, Seo HW, Cho Y, Choi SG, Seo S, Han W, Lee NK, Kwon H, Han JE, Kim JH. Pathological and Genomic Findings of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Isolated From a Free-Ranging Rough-Toothed Dolphin Steno bredanensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae) Stranded in Korea. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:774836. [PMID: 35601406 PMCID: PMC9120913 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.774836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Erysipelas, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, is considered one of the most serious infectious diseases of captive and free-ranging cetaceans worldwide, as these animals are known to be highly susceptible to the bacterial infections. The potential diversity between E. rhusiopathiae isolates from captive cetaceans has been previously described; however, the microbiological features of the free-ranging cetacean isolates remain unclear. Here, we describe a case of bacteremia in a rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) caused by E. rhusiopathiae. Additionally, we present the first genomic features of the bacteria from free-ranging cetacean individuals. Histopathological and microbial examinations revealed that E. rhusiopathiae caused bacteremia and systemic infection in the dolphin. The genome of the isolated E. rhusiopathiae strain KC-Sb-R1, which was classified as Clade 1 possessing SpaB gene, was clearly differentiated from the other swine-isolated E. rhusiopathiae, and the comparison of its serovar-defining chromosomal region revealed that our isolate was greatly similar to those of other previously reported serovar 2/15 isolates, including the captive-dolphin isolate. Moreover, most of the potential virulence factors in the strain KC-Sb-R1 were similar to those in the strain Fujisawa. Further, a potential cytotoxicity of the isolate was confirmed, suggesting that marine mammal-isolated E. rhusiopathiae could possess strong pathogenic potential in other animals, including humans. These results would further increase our understanding on the risk factors for controlling zoonotic pathogens of emerging infectious diseases in captive or free-ranging cetaceans, and also provide important insight into the diversity of E. rhusiopathiae in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunglee Lee
- Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seon Young Park
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwi Won Seo
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yuna Cho
- Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seok-Gwan Choi
- Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | | | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kwon
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jee Eun Han
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Ji Hyung Kim
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Liu C, Hu J, Wu Y, Irwin DM, Chen W, Zhang Z, Yu L. Comparative study of gut microbiota from captive and confiscated-rescued wild pangolins. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:825-835. [PMID: 34474998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to widespread poaching and worldwide trafficking. Captive breeding is considered to be one way to protect them and increase the sizes of their populations. However, comparative studies of captive and wild pangolins in the context of gut microbiota are rare. Here, the gut microbiome of captive and confiscated-rescued wild pangolins is compared, and the effects of different periods of captivity and captivity with and without antibiotic treatment are considered. We show that different diets and periods of captivity, as well as the application of antibiotic therapy, can alter gut community composition and abundance in pangolins. Compared to wild pangolins, captive pangolins have an increased capacity for chitin and cellulose/hemicellulose degradation, fatty acid metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid synthesis, but a reduced ability to metabolize exogenous substances. In addition to increasing the ability of the gut microbiota to metabolize nutrients in captivity, captive breeding imposes some risks for survival by resulting in a greater abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in captive pangolins than in wild pangolins. Our study is important for the development of guidelines for pangolin conservation, including health assessment, disease prevention, and rehabilitation of wild pangolin populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jingyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yajiang Wu
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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Jacobs B, Rally H, Doyle C, O'Brien L, Tennison M, Marino L. Putative neural consequences of captivity for elephants and cetaceans. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:439-465. [PMID: 34534428 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review assesses the potential neural impact of impoverished, captive environments on large-brained mammals, with a focus on elephants and cetaceans. These species share several characteristics, including being large, wide-ranging, long-lived, cognitively sophisticated, highly social, and large-brained mammals. Although the impact of the captive environment on physical and behavioral health has been well-documented, relatively little attention has been paid to the brain itself. Here, we explore the potential neural consequences of living in captive environments, with a focus on three levels: (1) The effects of environmental impoverishment/enrichment on the brain, emphasizing the negative neural consequences of the captive/impoverished environment; (2) the neural consequences of stress on the brain, with an emphasis on corticolimbic structures; and (3) the neural underpinnings of stereotypies, often observed in captive animals, underscoring dysregulation of the basal ganglia and associated circuitry. To this end, we provide a substantive hypothesis about the negative impact of captivity on the brains of large mammals (e.g., cetaceans and elephants) and how these neural consequences are related to documented evidence for compromised physical and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Jacobs
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA
| | - Heather Rally
- Foundation to Support Animal Protection, Norfolk, VA, 23510, USA
| | - Catherine Doyle
- Performing Animal Welfare Society, P.O. Box 849, Galt, CA, 95632, USA
| | - Lester O'Brien
- Palladium Elephant Consulting Inc., 2408 Pinewood Dr. SE, Calgary, AB, T2B1S4, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Tennison
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lori Marino
- Whale Sanctuary Project, Kanab, UT, 84741, USA
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