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Zhao Z, Zhao Z, Cheng F, Wang Z, Geng Q, Wang Y, Niu Y, Zuo Q, Zhang Y. Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Energy Metabolism in the Sex Differentiation of Chickens Based on Transcriptome Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1035. [PMID: 39202395 PMCID: PMC11353435 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The determination of sex in mammals is established and controlled by various complex mechanisms. In contrast, sex control in poultry remains an unresolved issue. In this study, RNA-sequencing was conducted for male gonads and ovarian tissues in chicken embryos of up to 18.5 days to identify metabolic factors influencing male and female sex differentiation, as well as gonadal development. Our results reveal that PKM2, a critical glycolysis-related protein, plays a significant role in chicken sex differentiation via PPARG, a crucial hormone gene. We propose that our discoveries bolster the notion that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation function as antecedent contributors to sexual phenotypic development and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziduo Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fufu Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qingqing Geng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China;
| | - Yingjie Niu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.G.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Liu Y, Du M, Zhang L, Wang N, He Q, Cao J, Zhao B, Li X, Li B, Bou G, Zhao Y, Dugarjaviin M. Comparative Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles in Testicular Tissue of Sexually Immature and Sexually Mature Mongolian Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1717. [PMID: 38929336 PMCID: PMC11200857 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular development and spermatogenesis are tightly regulated by both coding and non-coding genes, with mRNA and lncRNA playing crucial roles in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. However, there are significant differences in regulatory mechanisms before and after sexual maturity. Nevertheless, the mRNAs and lncRNAs in the testes of Mongolian horses have not been systematically identified. In this study, we first identified the testicular tissues of sexually immature and sexually mature Mongolian horses at the tissue and protein levels, and comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in the testes of 1-year-old (12 months, n = 3) and 10-year-old (n = 3) Mongolian horses using RNA sequencing technology. Through gene expression analysis, we identified 16,582 mRNAs and 2128 unknown lncRNAs that are commonly expressed in both sexually immature and sexually mature Mongolian horses. Meanwhile, 9217 mRNAs (p < 0.05) and 2191 unknown lncRNAs (p < 0.05) were identified as differentially expressed between the two stages, which were further validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The analysis results showed that genes in the sexually immature stage were mainly enriched in terms related to cellular infrastructure, while genes in the sexually mature stage were enriched in terms associated with hormones, metabolism, and spermatogenesis. In summary, the findings of this study provide valuable resources for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in Mongolian horses and offer new perspectives for future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ming Du
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jialong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Bilig Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (N.W.); (Q.H.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (G.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Equus Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Chen C, Zhou S, Lian Z, Jiang J, Gao X, Hu C, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Chen G, Jin K, Li B. Tle4z1 Facilitate the Male Sexual Differentiation of Chicken Embryos. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856980. [PMID: 35464085 PMCID: PMC9022655 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differentiation is a complex and precisely regulated process by multiple genes in chicken. However, it is still unclear on the key genes of sex differentiation. Objective To explore the function of Tle4z1 screened by RNA-seq sequencing on sex differentiation during the development of chicken embryos. Methods Tle4z1 was differentially expressed from the RNA-seq of ESCs and PGCs in male and female chickens. Then, we established an effective method to overexpression or knocking down the expression of Tle4z1 in ovo and in vitro, respectively. Histomorphological observation, qRT-PCR and ELISA were applied to detect the function of Tle4z1 in the process of male sex differentiation by injecting vectors into embryos at day 0. Results It showed that Tle4z1 has significant male preference in embryonic day 4.5, such phenomenon persisted during the growth period of chicken embryos. Morphological observation results showed that the gonads on both sides of genetic male (ZZ) embryos with Tle4z1 knocking down developed asymmetrically, the gonadal cortex became thicker showing the typical characteristics of genetic female (ZW) gonads. Furthermore, the expression of Cyp19a1, which dominates female differentiation, was significantly increased, while the expression of male marker genes Dmrt1, Sox9, WT1 and AR was significantly downregulated. In addition, the concentration of testosterone also significantly decreased, which was positively correlated with the expression of Tle4z1 (P < 0.01). Conversely, the ZW embryo showed defeminized development when Tle4z1 was overexpressed. Conclusion We prove that the Tle4z1 is a novel gene through the male sexual differentiation via gene regulation process and synthesis of testosterone, which construct the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of sex differentiation in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shujian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Jin,
| | - Bichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Bichun Li,
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Luo L, Ma F, Wang Q. Response of the ileum transcriptome to probiotic and fructo-oligosaccharides in Taiping chicken. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:307-317. [PMID: 33638812 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taiping chicken is indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), which was one of China's excellent poultry species, is an excellent chicken in Gansu Province. As the problems caused by the overuse of antibiotics become more and more severe, people begin to look for ways to replace them. Among them, probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides are the research hotspot to replace antibiotics. Probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides can promote the absorption of nutrients, improve the ability to resist and prevent diseases, and improve the intestinal tissue morphology. In this study, we used RNA-Seq analysis to study the gene expression in ileum tissue after Taiping chicken was given probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides. In total, 67 genes were differentially expressed in the ileum. Ten of the differently expressed genes were further validated by RT-qPCR. In addition, these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched to tyrosine metabolism, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, phenylalanine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The results which this study provides contribute to our understanding application of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides in indigenous chickens production and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic development of indigenous chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintong Luo
- College of Biological Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou District, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- College of Biological Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou District, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Qianning Wang
- College of Biological Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou District, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu Province, P. R. China
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