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Arioni S, Huk M, Batista PR, Lapuente C, Gobello C, Blanco PG. Ultrasonographic quantification of the endometrium echogenicity and heterogeneity in canine physiological and pathological conditions using computer-assisted analysis. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 270:107597. [PMID: 39270510 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were: To ultrasonographically describe and compare endometrial echogenicity and heterogeneity using digital analysis in normal and bitches suffering from pyometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and endometritis; and to evaluate the effect of clinical, bacteriological and histopathological uterine parameters on endometrial echogenicity and heterogeneity. Forty-one post pubertal intact bitches were included. According to clinical, ultrasonographic, anatomopathological and histopathological uterine evaluation, the animals were classified as: Pyometra (PYO; n=6); CEH (n=8); Endometritis (END; n=13); Normal group (NG; n=14). Endometrial images were analyzed with ImageJ software to obtain echogenicity and heterogeneity, represented as the mean gray value (MGV) and standard deviation of gray (SDG), respectively. The effect of the group, clinical, bacteriological, ultrasonographic and histological variables on MGV and SDG were analyzed by a generalized linear model. PYO exhibited higher MGV (P<0.01) and SDG (P<0.01) than the other groups. No differences were found among CEH, END and NG for both parameters (P>0.1). Body weight decreased MGV (P<0.01), while increasing degrees of inflammatory reaction (P<0.01), edema (P<0.01), hemorrhages (P<0.01) and vascular congestion (P<0.01) were associated with higher MGV. Inflammatory reaction (P<0.01) and ulceration (P<0.01) increased SDG. Ultrasonographic images evaluated using computer assisted image analysis were useful to differentiate pyometra from other uterine conditions in dogs. However, this technique could not differentiate among CEH, END and NG. Uterine echogenicity and echotexture, which clearly represent the different histopathological patterns, contribute to the diagnosis of the definite diagnosis of some canine uterine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Arioni
- Center of Reproductive Physiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Marlene Huk
- Center of Reproductive Physiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Batista
- Center of Reproductive Physiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - Camila Lapuente
- Center of Reproductive Physiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - Cristina Gobello
- Center of Reproductive Physiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - Paula G Blanco
- Center of Reproductive Physiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
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Niewiadomska Z, Adib-Lesaux A, Reyes-Gomez E, Gandoin C, Bouillin C, Gaillard V, Fontbonne A. Uterine issues in infertile queens: nine cases. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 251:107225. [PMID: 37003062 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This prospective case series investigated potential uterine causes of infertility in queens. Purebred queens with infertility (failure to conceive, embryonic death, or failure to maintain pregnancy and produce viable kittens), but no other reproductive disorders were examined approximately 1-8 weeks before mating (Visit 1), 21 days after mating (Visit 2), and 45 days after mating (Visit 3) if pregnant at Visit 2. Investigations included vaginal cytology and bacteriology, urine bacteriology, and ultrasonography. At Visit 2 or 3, uterine biopsy or ovariohysterectomy was performed for histology. Of nine eligible queens, seven were non-pregnant by ultrasound at Visit 2 and two had lost pregnancies by Visit 3. Ovulation was confirmed by serum progesterone concentration in all queens. Ultrasonic appearance of the ovaries and uterus was compatible with a healthy status except for one queen with signs of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra, a follicular cyst in another, and fetal resorptions in two queens. Six cats had histologic lesions of endometrial hyperplasia, including CEH (n=1). Only one cat had no histologic uterine lesions. Bacteria were cultured from vaginal samples in seven queens at Visit 1, (two were non-evaluable), and in five of seven queens sampled at Visit 2. Uterine cultures were negative except for the cat with pyometra. All urine cultures were negative. In summary, the most frequent pathology observed in these infertile queens was histologic endometrial hyperplasia, which can potentially inhibit embryo implantation and healthy placental development. This suggests that uterine disease might contribute substantially to infertility in purebred queens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Niewiadomska
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Achraf Adib-Lesaux
- Royal Canin Research Center, 650 Avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470 Aimargues, France
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christelle Gandoin
- Unité de Bactériologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Corinne Bouillin
- Unité de Bactériologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Gaillard
- Royal Canin Research Center, 650 Avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470 Aimargues, France.
| | - Alain Fontbonne
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Praderio RG, Rearte R, Stornelli MC, Mitacek MCG, de la Sota RL, Stornelli MA. The importance of the diestrus stages (early, middle, late) to the diagnosis of the endometrial disease in the bitch. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-022-00589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Alfradique VAP, Netto DLS, Alves SVP, Machado AF, Novaes CM, Penitente-Filho JM, Machado-Neves M, Lopes MS, Guimarães SEF. The impact of FSH stimulation and age on the ovarian and uterine traits and histomorphometry of prepubertal gilts. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 83:106786. [PMID: 36848729 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of age and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment on the estradiol (E2) plasma concentration, ovarian follicle development, endometrial histomorphometry, and ultrasonographic parameters of the ovaries and uterus in prepubertal gilts. Thirty-five prepubertal gilts were grouped according to age (140 or 160 d), and within each age, gilts were allotted to receive 100 mg of FSH (treated; G140 + FSH [n = 10] and G160 + FSH [n = 7]) or saline solution (control; G140 + control [n = 10] and G160 + control [n = 8]). The total dose of FSH was divided into 6 similar doses administered every 8 h (days 0-2). Before and after FSH treatment, blood sample was collected, and transabdominal scanning of the ovaries and uterus was performed. Twenty-four hours after the last FSH injection, the gilts were slaughtered and their ovaries and uterus were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. The histomorphometric parameters of the uterus differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal gilts at 160 d and 140 d of age. Moreover, changes (P < 0.05) in uterine and ovarian ultrasound images occurred between 140 and 160 d of age. Age and FSH treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) E2 plasma concentrations. Follicle stimulating hormone treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the early stage of folliculogenesis in the prepubertal gilts; however, the number of early atretic follicles decreased (P < 0.05) after the FSH treatment. Follicle stimulating hormone administration increased (P < 0.05) the number of medium follicles and decreased (P < 0.05) the number of small follicles in 140 and 160 d old gilts. In the endometrium, luminal/glandular epithelium height and glandular diameter increased (P < 0.05) after FSH treatment. Thus, injections of 100 mg of FSH stimulate the endometrium epithelium and induce follicular growth to a medium follicle size without affecting the preantral stages in prepubertal gilts; also, the uterine macroscopic morphometry does not change from 140 to 160 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A P Alfradique
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - D L Souza Netto
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - S V P Alves
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A F Machado
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - C M Novaes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J M Penitente-Filho
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin - Brasil, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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