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Souza LL, Dominguez-Castaño P, Gianvecchio SB, Sakamoto LS, Rodrigues GRD, Soares TLDS, Bonilha SFM, Marcatto JDOS, Galvão Albuquerque L, Vasconcelos Silva JAII, Zerlotti Mercadante ME. Heritability estimates and genome-wide association study of methane emission traits in Nellore cattle. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae182. [PMID: 38967061 PMCID: PMC11282363 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to estimate the heritability for daily methane emission (CH4) and residual daily methane emission (CH4res) in Nellore cattle, as well as to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genomic regions and candidate genes influencing the genetic variation of CH4 and CH4res. Methane emission phenotypes of 743 Nellore animals belonging to 3 breeding programs were evaluated. CH4 was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique (which involves an SF6 permeation tube introduced into the rumen, and an appropriate apparatus on each animal), and CH4res was obtained as the difference between observed CH4 and CH4 adjusted for dry matter intake. A total of 6,252 genotyped individuals were used for genomic analyses. Data were analyzed with a univariate animal model by the single-step GBLUP method using the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AIREML) algorithm. The effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained using a single-step GWAS approach. Candidate genes were identified based on genomic windows associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to the 2 traits. Annotation of QTLs and identification of candidate genes were based on the initial and final coordinates of each genomic window considering the bovine genome ARS-UCD1.2 assembly. Heritability estimates were of moderate to high magnitude, being 0.42 ± 0.09 for CH4 and 0.21 ± 0.09 for CH4res, indicating that these traits will respond rapidly to genetic selection. GWAS revealed 11 and 15 SNPs that were significantly associated (P < 10-6) with genetic variation of CH4 and CH4res, respectively. QTLs associated with feed efficiency, residual feed intake, body weight, and height overlapped with significant markers for the traits evaluated. Ten candidate genes were present in the regions of significant SNPs; 3 were associated with CH4 and 7 with CH4res. The identified genes are related to different functions such as modulation of the rumen microbiota, fatty acid production, and lipid metabolism. CH4 and CH4res presented sufficient genetic variation and may respond rapidly to selection. Therefore, these traits can be included in animal breeding programs aimed at reducing enteric methane emissions across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lelis Souza
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Pablo Dominguez-Castaño
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia-UNIAGRARIA, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Sarah Bernardes Gianvecchio
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Institute of Animal Science (IZ), Beef Cattle Research Center, 14160-970, Sertãozinho, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Roberto Dias Rodrigues
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Institute of Animal Science (IZ), Beef Cattle Research Center, 14160-970, Sertãozinho, Brazil
| | - Tainara Luana da Silva Soares
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Institute of Animal Science (IZ), Beef Cattle Research Center, 14160-970, Sertãozinho, Brazil
| | - Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha
- Institute of Animal Science (IZ), Beef Cattle Research Center, 14160-970, Sertãozinho, Brazil
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, 71605-001, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Galvão Albuquerque
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, 71605-001, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Josineudson Augusto II Vasconcelos Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000, Botucatu, Brazil
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, 71605-001, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Institute of Animal Science (IZ), Beef Cattle Research Center, 14160-970, Sertãozinho, Brazil
- National Council for Science and Technological Development, 71605-001, Brasilia, Brazil
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Zhang J, Gaowa N, Wang Y, Li H, Cao Z, Yang H, Zhang X, Li S. Complementary hepatic metabolomics and proteomics reveal the adaptive mechanisms of dairy cows to the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2071-2088. [PMID: 36567250 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transition period from late pregnancy to early lactation is a vital time of the lifecycle of dairy cows due to the marked metabolic challenges. Besides, the liver is the pivot point of metabolism in cattle. Nevertheless, the hepatic physiological molecular adaptation during the transition period has not been elucidated, especially from the metabolomics and proteomics view. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the hepatic metabolic alterations in transition cows by using integrative metabolomics and proteomics methods. Gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics methods were used to analyze liver tissues collected from 8 healthy multiparous Holstein dairy cows 21 d before and after calving. In total, 44 metabolites and 250 proteins were identified as differentially expressed from 233 metabolites and 3,539 proteins detected from the liver biopsies during the transition period. Complementary functional analysis of different metabolites and proteins indicated the upregulated gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycles, AA degradation, fatty acid oxidation, AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, and ribosome proteins in postpartum dairy cows. In terms of the metabolites and proteins, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase played a significant role in these pathways. The upregulated oxidative status may be accompanied by the pathways mentioned above. In addition, the upregulated glucagon and insulin signaling pathways also indicated the significant requirement for glucose in postpartum dairy cows. These outcomes, from the view of global metabolites and proteins, may present a better comprehension of the biology of the transition period, which can be helpful in further developing nutritional regulation strategies targeting the liver to help cows overcome this metabolically challenging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Naren Gaowa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Huanxu Li
- Beijing Oriental Kingherd Biotechnology Company, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China.
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Feeding Corn Silage or Grass Hay as Sole Dietary Forage Sources: Overall Mechanism of Forages Regulating Health-Promoting Fatty Acid Status in Milk of Dairy Cows. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020303. [PMID: 36673395 PMCID: PMC9857621 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dietary forage sources regulate health-promoting fatty acids (HPFAs), such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in the milk of lactating cows. However, the overall mechanism of forages regulating lipid metabolism from the gastrointestinal tract to the mammary glands (MGs) is not clear. Three isocaloric diets that contained (1) 46% corn silage (CS), (2) a mixture of 23% corn silage and 14% grass hays (MIX), and (3) 28% grass hays (GH) as the forage sources and six cannulated (rumen, proximal duodenum, and terminal ileum) lactating cows were assigned to a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Our results show that a higher proportion of grass hay in the diets increased the relative contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), CLAs, and n-3 PUFAs. The lower relative content of SCFA in the milk of CS was predominantly due to the reduction in acetate production in the rumen and arteriovenous differences in the MG, indicating that the de novo synthesis pathways were inhibited. The elevated relative contents of total CLA and n-3 PUFA in the milk of GH were attributed to the increases in apparent intestinal digestion and arteriovenous differences in total CLA and n-3 PUFA, together with the higher Δ9-desaturase activity in the MG. In conclusion, this study provides an overall mechanism of dietary forages regulating HPFA status in the milk of dairy cows.
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Petrović K, Djoković R, Cincović M, Hristovska T, Lalović M, Petrović M, Majkić M, Došenović Marinković M, Anđušić L, Devečerski G, Stojanović D, Štrbac F. Niacin Status Indicators and Their Relationship with Metabolic Parameters in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121524. [PMID: 35739861 PMCID: PMC9219521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The active forms of niacin that represent niacin status are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and the NAD:NADP ratio. Previous studies have shown metabolic changes in the function of niacin form and dose, but it has not been determined whether there are changes in the function of active form of niacin that indicate the vitamin status in the body. In this study, we examined differences in NAD, NADP and NAD:NADP concentration in blood and their relationship with metabolic parameters in cows receiving and not receiving additional niacin in food. We concluded that NAD and NADP are good indicators of the ability of an additional niacin source to create functional cofactors due to their concentration changes, while the NAD:NADP ratio is a good indicator of the biological effects of additional niacin due to correlation with many metabolites. Abstract Previous experimental models on cows have examined the difference in the metabolic adaptation in cows after niacin administration, without identifying the most important mediators between niacin administration and its biological effects, namely active forms of niacin. All tissues in the body convert absorbed niacin into its main metabolically active form, the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of niacin administration in periparturient period on NAD, NADP and the NAD:NADP ratio and to determine relationship between these indicators of an active form of niacin with metabolic parameters in cow blood. The study included 90 healthy cows: 45 cows receiving niacin and 45 cows were negative control. The niacin group was treated with nicotinic acid for two weeks before, as well as two weeks after parturition. Nicotinic acid was applied per os with feed. In cows receiving niacin, there was a significantly higher concentration of NAD and NADP, but the NAD:NADP ratio did not differ compared with control. All three indicators were able to separate cows who received and who did not receive additional niacin. NAD and NADP are good indicators of the availability of niacin from additional sources. The NAD:NADP ratio is a good indicator of the biological effect of applied niacin on metabolites in cows due to its correlation with a number of metabolites: positive correlation with glucose, insulin, glucose to insulin ratio and the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKIBHB) of insulin resistance, triglycerides and cholesterol, and a negative correlation with nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB), gamma-glutamyltranspherase (GGT) and urea in cows receiving niacin. The same amount of added niacin in feed can produce different concentrations of NAD, NADP and NAD:NADP in the blood, and this was not related to their concentration before the addition of niacin. The change in the concentration of the active form of niacin (NAD, NADP and NAD:NADP) further correlates with the concentration of metabolic parameters, which indicates that the intensity of the biological effect of additional niacin can be accurately determined only if we know the concentrations of its active forms in blood. Under basal conditions (without additional niacin), active forms of niacin that already exist in the blood do not show significant correlations with metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Petrović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Radojica Djoković
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, 32000 Čačak, Serbia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-1644497952
| | - Marko Cincović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Talija Hristovska
- Veterinary Faculty, University of St. Kliment Ohridski, 7000 Bitola, North Macedonia;
| | - Miroslav Lalović
- Faculty of Agriculture East Sarajevo, University of East Sarajevo, 71123 East Sarajevo, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Miloš Petrović
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, 32000 Čačak, Serbia;
| | - Mira Majkić
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Maja Došenović Marinković
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Ljiljana Anđušić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština, 38219 Lešak, Serbia;
| | | | - Dragica Stojanović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Filip Štrbac
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
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