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Biswas S, Ahn JM, Kim IH. Assessing the potential of phytogenic feed additives: A comprehensive review on their effectiveness as a potent dietary enhancement for nonruminant in swine and poultry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:711-723. [PMID: 38264830 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) often referred to as phytobiotics or botanical feed additives, are natural compounds derived from various plants, herbs, spices and other botanical sources. These feed additives are intended to serve a variety of purposes, including an immune system regulator, an antimicrobial, an antimutagenic, an antioxidant and a growth promoter. They are composed of bioactive compounds extracted from plants, including essential oils, polyphenols, terpenoids and flavonoids. They are mostly utilized as substitute antibiotic growth promoters in nonruminant (swine and poultry) livestock production, owing to the prohibition of antibiotic usage in the feed industry. It has been thoroughly examined to ascertain their impact on intestinal health and activity, correlation with animals' effective health and well-being, productivity, food security and environmental impact. The potential uses of these feed additives depend on the properties of herbs, the comprehension of their principal and secondary components, knowledge of their mechanisms of action, the safety of animals and the products they produce. They are gaining recognition as effective and sustainable tools for promoting animal health and performance while reducing the reliance on antibiotics in nonruminant nutrition. Their natural origins, multifaceted benefits and alignment with consumer preferences make them a valuable addition to modern animal farming process. However, because of their inconsistent effects and inadequate knowledge of the mechanisms of action, their usage as a feed additive has been limited. This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the applications of PFAs as an effective feed supplement in swine and poultry nutrition. In summary, this comprehensive review provides current knowledge, identifies gaps in research and emphasizes the potential of phytogenic additives to foster sustainable and healthier livestock production systems while addressing the global concerns associated with antibiotic use in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Biswas
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Je M Ahn
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Lee SH, Moon SJ, Woo SH, Ahn G, Kim WK, Lee CH, Hwang JH. CrebH protects against liver injury associated with colonic inflammation via modulation of exosomal miRNA. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:116. [PMID: 37370191 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic liver disease, including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), is a serious extraintestinal manifestations of colonic inflammation. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element-binding protein H (CrebH) is a transcription factor expressed mostly in the liver and small intestine. However, CrebH's roles in the gut-liver axis remain unknown. METHODS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and PSC disease models were established in wild-type and CrebH-/- mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium, dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and diethoxycarbonyl dihydrocollidine diet, respectively. RNA sequencing were conducted to investigate differential gene expression. Exosomes were isolated from plasma and culture media. miRNA expression profiling was performed using the NanoString nCounter Mouse miRNA Panel. Effects of miR-29a-3p on adhesion molecule expression were investigated in bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells. RESULTS CrebH-/- mice exhibited accelerated liver injury without substantial differences in the gut after administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and had similar features to PSC, including enlarged bile ducts, enhanced inflammation, and aberrant MAdCAM-1 expression. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the liver of CrebH-/- mice after DSS overlapped significantly with genes changed in PSC-liver. Analysis of plasma exosome miRNA isolated from WT and CrebH-/- mice indicates that CrebH can contribute to the exosomal miRNA profile. We also identified miR-29a-3p as an effective mediator for MAdCAM-1 expression. Administration of plasma exosome from CrebH-/- mice led to prominent inflammatory signals in the liver of WT mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CONCLUSIONS CrebH deficiency led to increased susceptibility to IBD-induced liver diseases via enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and concomitant infiltration of T lymphocytes. Exosomes can contribute to the progression of IBD-induced liver injury in CrebH-/- mice. These study provide novel insights into the role of CrebH in IBD-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biology, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Korea
| | - Sung-Je Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Woo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Changwon National University, 20 Chanwondaehak-ro, Uichan-gu, Chanwon-si, Gyeonsangnam-do, 51140, Korea
| | - Gwangsook Ahn
- Department of Biology, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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Stanley D, Batacan R, Bajagai YS. Rapid growth of antimicrobial resistance: the role of agriculture in the problem and the solutions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6953-6962. [PMID: 36197458 PMCID: PMC9532813 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The control of infectious diseases has always been a top medical priority. For years during the so-called antibiotic era, we enjoyed prolonged life expectancy and the benefits of superior pathogen control. The devastating failure of the medical system, agriculture and pharmaceutical companies and the general population to appreciate and safeguard these benefits is now leading us into a grim post-antibiotic era. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to microorganisms becoming resistant to antibiotics that were designed and expected to kill them. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, AMR was recognised by the World Health Organization as the central priority area with growing public awareness of the threat AMR now presents. The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, a project commissioned by the UK government, predicted that the death toll of AMR could be one person every 3 seconds, amounting to 10 million deaths per year by 2050. This review aims to raise awareness of the evergrowing extensiveness of antimicrobial resistance and identify major sources of this adversity, focusing on agriculture’s role in this problem and its solutions. Keypoints • Widespread development of antibiotic resistance is a major global health risk. • Antibiotic resistance is abundant in agricultural produce, soil, food, water, air and probiotics. • New approaches are being developed to control and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia.
| | - Romeo Batacan
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Yadav Sharma Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
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Bajagai YS, Petranyi F, J Yu S, Lobo E, Batacan R, Kayal A, Horyanto D, Ren X, M Whitton M, Stanley D. Phytogenic supplement containing menthol, carvacrol and carvone ameliorates gut microbiota and production performance of commercial layers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11033. [PMID: 35773309 PMCID: PMC9246849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer push towards open and free-range production systems makes biosecurity on farms challenging, leading to increased disease and animal welfare issues. Phytogenic products are increasingly becoming a viable alternative for the use of antibiotics in livestock production. Here we present a study of the effects of commercial phytogenic supplement containing menthol, carvacrol and carvone on intestinal microbiota of layer hens, microbial functional capacity, and intestinal morphology. A total of 40,000 pullets were randomly assigned to two sides of the experimental shed. Growth performance, mortality, egg production and egg quality parameters were recorded throughout the trial period (18–30 weeks of age). Microbial community was investigated using 16S amplicon sequencing and functional difference using metagenomic sequencing. Phytogen supplemented birds had lower mortality and number of dirty eggs, and their microbial communities showed reduced richness. Although phytogen showed the ability to control the range of poultry pathogens, its action was not restricted to pathogenic taxa, and it involved functional remodelling the intestinal community towards increased cofactor production, heterolactic fermentation and salvage and recycling of metabolites. The phytogen did not alter the antimicrobial resistance profile or the number of antibiotic resistance genes. The study indicates that phytogenic supplementation can mimic the action of antibiotics in altering the gut microbiota and be used as their alternative in industry-scale layer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav S Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Friedrich Petranyi
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Sung J Yu
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Edina Lobo
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Romeo Batacan
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Advait Kayal
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Darwin Horyanto
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Xipeng Ren
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Maria M Whitton
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia.
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Koorakula R, Schiavinato M, Ghanbari M, Wegl G, Grabner N, Koestelbauer A, Klose V, Dohm JC, Domig KJ. Metatranscriptomic Analysis of the Chicken Gut Resistome Response to In-Feed Antibiotics and Natural Feed Additives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:833790. [PMID: 35495718 PMCID: PMC9048739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.833790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance against common antibiotics in the gut microbiota is a major issue for both human and livestock health. This highlights the need for understanding the impact of such application on the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes in poultry gut and devising means to circumvent the potential resistome expansion. Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) are potential natural alternative to antibiotic to improve animal health and performance, supposedly via positively affecting the gut microbial ecosystem, but there is little systematic information available. In this time-course study, we applied a shotgun meta-transcriptomics approach to investigate the impact of a PFA product as well as the commonly used antibiotic, zinc bacitracin either at AGP concentration or therapeutic concentration on the gut microbiome and resistome of broiler chickens raised for 35 days. Over the course of the trial, PFA treatments increased the abundance of Firmicutes such as Lactobacillus and resulted in a lower abundance of Escherichia, while the latter group increased significantly in the feces of chickens that received either AGP or AB doses of bacitracin. Tetracycline resistance and aminoglycoside resistance were the predominant antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) classes found, regardless of the treatment. PFA application resulted in a decrease in abundance of ARGs compared to those in the control group and other antibiotic treatment groups. In summary, the findings from this study demonstrate the potential of phytogenic feed additives could be an alternative to antibiotics in poultry farming, with the added benefit of counteracting antimicrobial resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Koorakula
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFoQSI), Tulln, Austria
| | - Matteo Schiavinato
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Computational Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliane C Dohm
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Computational Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Liebl M, Gierus M, Rocchi E, Potthast C, Schedle K. Effects of energy reduced diets including alternative protein sources and a phytogenic supplement on performance, carcass traits and digestibility in broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Polycarpo GDV, Andressa de Lima G, de Souza Ávida T, Rosas FS, Cruz-Polycarpo VC, Biller JD, da Silva Barbosa BF, Burbarelli MFC. META-ANALYSIS OF PHYTOGENIC ADDITIVES FOR BROILERS. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytogenic additives have been studied intensively in broiler chickens’ production to substitute growth-promoting antibiotics. However, the comprehensive literature on this topic makes it difficult to understand overall results because there are a noticeable number of studies with conflicting conclusions. While several research studies have shown that phytogenic additives may increment broiler chicken’s performance, others make the opposite evident. This study aimed to organize and understand information through meta-analysis considering a great number of publications and the factors that may interfere in the results of phytogenic additives, evaluating whether phytogenic additives can be used as a performance-enhancing additive for broilers, comparing with the effectiveness of growth-promoting antibiotics. The main factor that interferes in the evaluation of phytogenic additives is the microbiological challenge. Phytogenic additives improved average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.001) and feed conversion (P < 0.001) regardless of microbiological challenge; however, they were worse compared to antibiotics under higher challenge (P < 0.020). A meta-regression of ADG in function of average daily feed intake confirmed that phytogenic additives increased the feed efficiency of broilers, but with less effectiveness than antibiotics. The blends of phytogenic additives increased the ADG in relation to the isolated use of only one phytogenic additive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valquiria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UNESP Campus de Dracena, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 SP 294, Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil, 17900000, ,
| | | | | | - Maria Fernanda Castro Burbarelli
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, 28133, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Av, Pirassununga, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635900
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