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Sarubbi J, Martínez-Burnes J, Ghezzi MD, Olmos-Hernandez A, Lendez PA, Ceriani MC, Hernández-Avalos I. Hypothalamic Neuromodulation and Control of the Dermal Surface Temperature of Livestock during Hyperthermia. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1745. [PMID: 38929364 PMCID: PMC11200636 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia elicits several physiological and behavioral responses in livestock to restore thermal neutrality. Among these responses, vasodilation and sweating help to reduce core body temperature by increasing heat dissipation by radiation and evaporation. Thermoregulatory behaviors such as increasing standing time, reducing feed intake, shade-seeking, and limiting locomotor activity also increase heat loss. These mechanisms are elicited by the connection between peripheral thermoreceptors and cerebral centers, such as the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Considering the importance of this thermoregulatory pathway, this review aims to discuss the hypothalamic control of hyperthermia in livestock, including the main physiological and behavioral changes that animals adopt to maintain their thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sarubbi
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Independência, Palmeira das Missões 3751, RS, Brazil
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), University Campus, Tandil 7000, Argentina;
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernandez
- Division of Biotechnology—Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Pamela Anahí Lendez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET (UNCPBA), University Campus, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Ceriani
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET (UNCPBA), University Campus, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - Ismael Hernández-Avalos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FESC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
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Napolitano F, De Rosa G, Chay-Canul A, Álvarez-Macías A, Pereira AMF, Bragaglio A, Mora-Medina P, Rodríguez-González D, García-Herrera R, Hernández-Ávalos I, Domínguez-Oliva A, Pacelli C, Sabia E, Casas-Alvarado A, Reyes-Sotelo B, Braghieri A. The Challenge of Global Warming in Water Buffalo Farming: Physiological and Behavioral Aspects and Strategies to Face Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3103. [PMID: 37835709 PMCID: PMC10571975 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Water buffaloes have morphological and behavioral characteristics for efficient thermoregulation. However, their health, welfare, and productive performance can be affected by GW. The objective of this review was to analyze the adverse effects of GW on the productive behavior and health of water buffaloes. The physiological, morphological, and behavioral characteristics of the species were discussed to understand the impact of climate change and extreme meteorological events on buffaloes' thermoregulation. In addition, management strategies in buffalo farms, as well as the use of infrared thermography as a method to recognize heat stress in water buffaloes, were addressed. We concluded that heat stress causes a change in energy mobilization to restore animal homeostasis. Preventing hyperthermia limits the physiological, endocrine, and behavioral changes so that they return to thermoneutrality. The use of fans, sprinklers, foggers, and natural sources of water are appropriate additions to current buffalo facilities, and infrared thermography could be used to monitor the thermal states of water buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86025, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Álvarez-Macías
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
| | - Andrea Bragaglio
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi Dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Food Processing, Via Milano 43, 24047 Treviglio, Italy;
| | - Patricia Mora-Medina
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniela Rodríguez-González
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Ricardo García-Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86025, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Corrado Pacelli
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
| | - Emilio Sabia
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Brenda Reyes-Sotelo
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Ada Braghieri
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
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Petrocchi Jasinski F, Evangelista C, Basiricò L, Bernabucci U. Responses of Dairy Buffalo to Heat Stress Conditions and Mitigation Strategies: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071260. [PMID: 37048516 PMCID: PMC10093017 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in temperature and the greater incidence of extreme events are the consequences of the climate change that is taking place on planet Earth. High temperatures create severe discomfort to animal farms as they are unable to efficiently dissipate their body heat, and for this, they implement mechanisms to reduce the production of endogenous heat (reducing feed intake and production). In tropical and subtropical countries, where buffalo breeding is more widespread, there are strong negative consequences of heat stress (HS) on the production and quality of milk, reproduction, and health. The increase in ambient temperature is also affecting temperate countries in which buffalo farms are starting to highlight problems due to HS. To counteract HS, it is possible to improve buffalo thermotolerance by using a genetic approach, but even if it is essential, it is a long process. Two other mitigation approaches are nutritional strategies, such as the use of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants and cooling strategies such as shade, fans, sprinklers, and pools. Among the cooling systems that have been evaluated, wallowing or a combination of fans and sprinklers, when wallowing is not available, are good strategies, even if wallowing was the best because it improved the production and reproduction performance and the level of general well-being of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Petrocchi Jasinski
- Department of Agriculture and Forests Sciences, University of Tuscia-Viterbo, via San Camillo De Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Chiara Evangelista
- Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia-Viterbo, via San Camillo De Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Loredana Basiricò
- Department of Agriculture and Forests Sciences, University of Tuscia-Viterbo, via San Camillo De Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Umberto Bernabucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forests Sciences, University of Tuscia-Viterbo, via San Camillo De Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Abeni F. Effects of extrinsic factors on some rumination patterns: A review. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1047829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen and its activity, rumination, are the characterizing traits of the suborder Ruminantia, and it is accompanied by related feeding habits and consequent animal behavior. Several extrinsic (not related to the animal itself) factors affect rumination behavior; most are reflected in rumination timing (considering overall daily duration as well as circadian differences in rumination patterns): age, environmental factors, and diet. For these reasons, great efforts have been sustained at the research level for monitoring rumination patterns. Currently, some research outcomes are applied at the farm level; others are still at the experimental level. All of these efforts are finalized mainly for the use of rumination pattern recording as an effective prediction tool for the early detection of health and welfare problems, both in a single head and at the herd level. Moreover, knowledge of the effects of extrinsic factors on rumination physiology represents a great challenge for improving the efficiency of ruminant livestock management, from the diet to the housing system, from parasites to heat stress. The present review deals mainly with the worldwide raised ruminant species.
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Rodríguez-González D, Minervino AHH, Orihuela A, Bertoni A, Morales-Canela DA, Álvarez-Macías A, José-Pérez N, Domínguez-Oliva A, Mota-Rojas D. Handling and Physiological Aspects of the Dual-Purpose Water Buffalo Production System in the Mexican Humid Tropics. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050608. [PMID: 35268176 PMCID: PMC8909038 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Buffalo is a domesticated large ruminant that can be raised for beef, dairy, and work. In some systems, these animals can be raised with a dual purpose (beef and dairy). The present review describes the characteristics of the dual-purpose water buffalo production system in Mexico’s humid wetlands. This article provides extensive information on the water buffalo and includes comparisons with other species to note similarities and differences. The aim is to describe the buffalo handling procedures used in this system, particularly during breeding, milking, confinement, and mobilization, relating them to the neurological processes involved and analyzing the productive results. Understanding these processes will allow us to obtain a more precise vision of the advantages that this species can offer, and the possible implications of the development of this type of livestock under tropical conditions. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the dual-purpose water buffalo production based on the Mexican production system as a model in tropical wetlands. It includes a broad literature review emphasizing the most recent and specialized publications examining key findings to improve our understanding in the performance of the buffalo species (Bubalus bubalis). The complementary topics addressed include reproductive management, parturition, the dam–calf bond, milking routines, and models of confinement and management, in addition to aspects related to milk commercialization. This article summarizes the advances made to date in this production system and its current margins for improvement. The development of dual-purpose water buffalo production systems in Mexico’s tropical wetlands is a relatively recent phenomenon that has progressed and improved due to herd management. Buffaloes are an interesting alternative for dual purpose systems that offer several advantages. The lower milk production of this species compared to cattle is its main limitation. However, the properties of their milk allow one to obtain an added value and make this type of farms competitive. In synthesis, consolidating buffalo production in Mexico’s tropical wetlands will require broadening our knowledge of this species, and perfecting the most appropriate handling procedures. The activities of government agencies and processing enterprises will play vital roles in achieving the integral modernization of this potentially important economic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodríguez-González
- Master’s Program in Agricultural and Livestock Sciences [Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias], Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.M.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Agustín Orihuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Aldo Bertoni
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.B.); (D.A.M.-C.); (A.Á.-M.); (N.J.-P.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Diego Armando Morales-Canela
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.B.); (D.A.M.-C.); (A.Á.-M.); (N.J.-P.); (A.D.-O.)
- Holistic Management, Savory Institute, Agriculture Science, Universidad EARTH, San José 4442-1000, Costa Rica
| | - Adolfo Álvarez-Macías
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.B.); (D.A.M.-C.); (A.Á.-M.); (N.J.-P.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Nancy José-Pérez
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.B.); (D.A.M.-C.); (A.Á.-M.); (N.J.-P.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.B.); (D.A.M.-C.); (A.Á.-M.); (N.J.-P.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.B.); (D.A.M.-C.); (A.Á.-M.); (N.J.-P.); (A.D.-O.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.M.); (D.M.-R.)
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