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Yue Y, Tong B, Chen M, Bao X, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Yu H, Yu Y. Substituting Fish Meal with Tubiechong ( Eupolyphaga sinensis) By-Product in the Diets of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides): Effects on Growth, Meat Quality, and Liver Health. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2066602. [PMID: 37324656 PMCID: PMC10264139 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2066602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing 0% (control), 10% (T10), 20% (T20), 30% (T30), and 40% (T40) fish meal with a Tubiechong (Eupolyphaga sinensis) by-product in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Triplicate groups of 30 fish (5.36 ± 0.01 g) were fed two times daily to apparent satiation for 60 days. The experimental results showed that the Tubiechong by-product could improve the growth performance of largemouth bass by increasing the FBW, WGR, and SGR until the replacement ratio was 40%. The quadratic regression analysis showed that the proportion of the Tubiechong by-product was 20.79% and 20.91%, respectively, when WGR and SGR were the best. Concurrently, the meat quality in the replacement groups was higher, specifically, the lightness and white values were higher, and the water loss rates were lower (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Moreover, the changes of the activities of CAT and GSH in the liver and T-AOC and GSH in serum could reveal the antioxidant capacity improvement of fish by the Tubiechong by-product. In the study, the replacement groups had lower T-CHO and HDL-C in serum (P < 0.05), indicating that the Tubiechong by-product had an active role in improving blood lipid and regulating lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, the replacement groups had a normal structure with central hepatocytes' nuclei and deviated from the center partly, while most of the hepatocytes were swollen in the control group with nuclear degeneration. The results showed that the Tubiechong by-product had a positive effect on the liver health of fish. Conclusively, the present study indicated that the partial dietary replacement of fish meal using the Tubiechong by-product (for up to 40% replacement level) in the diet of largemouth bass not only caused no adverse effects on fish health but also improved the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic health and is conducive to supplying nutritious, high-quality, and healthy aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Binbin Tong
- Sinopharm Group Dezhong (Foshan) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan 528225, China
| | - Mingshi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Xiaoxue Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Yanming Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
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Gebremichael A, Kucska B, Ardó L, Biró J, Berki M, Lengyel-Kónya É, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Egessa R, Müller T, Gyalog G, Sándor ZJ. Physiological Response of Grower African Catfish to Dietary Black Soldier Fly and Mealworm Meal. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060968. [PMID: 36978510 PMCID: PMC10044440 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A six-week experiment was carried out to test the effects of total (100%) and partial (50%) replacement of fish meal in the diet of African catfish growers with black soldier fly (B) meal, yellow mealworm (M) meal, and a 1:1 combination of both (BM) on the production and health of fish. A total of 420 fish with an average initial body weight of 200 ± 0.5 g were randomly distributed in triplicate to seven diet groups (C, B50, B100, M50, M100, BM50, and BM100, respectively). The growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed with partial or total replacement levels of FM with B were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) during the 6 weeks of feeding. In contrast, significant differences were observed between the groups fed with a diet where FM was totally replaced with M meal and the control in terms of final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein productive value. Among the blood plasma biochemistry parameters, total cholesterol exhibited a significant difference (p = 0.007) between the M treatments and the control diet. The fatty acid profile of the liver was changed with respect to the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in all experimental groups. Parallel with this, the upregulation of elovl5 and fas genes in liver was found in all experimental groups compared to the control. Overall, this study shows that fish meal cannot be substituted with yellow mealworm meal in the practical diet of African catfish without compromising the growth, health and feed utilization parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askale Gebremichael
- Department of Applied Fish Biology, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kucska
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - László Ardó
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Janka Biró
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Mária Berki
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Lengyel-Kónya
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Tömösközi-Farkas
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Egessa
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Tamás Müller
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, Páter K. u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gyalog
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna J Sándor
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
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Vijayaram S, Ringø E, Zuorro A, van Doan H, Sun Y. Beneficial roles of nutrients as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Reda RM, Maricchiolo G, Quero GM, Basili M, Aarestrup FM, Pansera L, Mirto S, Abd El-Fattah AH, Alagawany M, Abdel Rahman AN. Rice protein concentrate as a fish meal substitute in Oreochromis niloticus: Effects on immune response, intestinal cytokines, Aeromonas veronii resistance, and gut microbiota composition. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:237-250. [PMID: 35654384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential of rice protein concentrate (RPC) to substitute fishmeal (FM) protein in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus was assessed in a five-month-long feeding trial. Fishmeal protein was replaced by RPC at rates of 0% (control), 25%, 50%, and 75% (RPC0, RPC25, RPC50, and RPC75, respectively). RPC25 had no significant effect on antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant capacity; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities) and immune indices (lysozyme, nitric oxide, antiprotease, and bactericidal activities) after one, two, and five months of feeding, while the values for these parameters were significantly lower in the RPC75 group compared to those in the RPC0 group. The RPC25 group showed higher mRNA levels of the intestinal cytokines IL-1β, IL-10β, TGF-β, and TNF-α than the control group. In fish affected by Aeromonas veronii, the highest significant cumulative mortality was recorded in the RPC75 group, followed by the RPC50, RPC25, and control groups. Gut microbiome analyses showed a reduction in microbial diversity in response to the addition of RPC, regardless of the RPC content, and the composition of the community of the RPC samples differed from that of the control. RPC-enriched diets resulted in higher relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria in the gut compared to that in the gut of the control fish. In summary, RPC can be used to replace up to 25% of the FM protein in the diet of O. niloticus, while improving the antioxidant capacity, immunocompetence, and disease resistance of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Giulia Maricchiolo
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Basili
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Department of Global Surveillance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lidia Pansera
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Mirto
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Palermo, Italy
| | - Amir H Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
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Li W, Pan L, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Yang Q, Chi S, Zhang S, Xie R. Effects of the Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of Litopenaeus Vannamei fed with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) replacement of fishmeal in diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:283-291. [PMID: 35618172 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum (CB) is a gram-positive bacterium that secretes short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid and so on. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of CB on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Litopenaeus Vannamei fed with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) replacement of fishmeal. Six iso-nitrogenous (40%) and iso-lipidic (6%) diets were formulated including a positive control group (PC, 25% fishmeal), a negative control group (NC, CPC replaced 30% of fishmeal protein), and 0.03% (C1, 3 × 108 CFU/kg), 0.12% (C2, 1.2 × 109 CFU/kg), 0.48% (C3, 4.8 × 109 CFU/kg) and 1.92% (C4, 1.92 × 1010 CFU/kg) CB were supplemented on the negative control group (NC). After the feeding trial, the remaining shrimp in each treatment group were subjected to a challenge experiment with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results indicated that weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) in C4 group were significantly lower than those in PC and C2 groups (P < 0.05); the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher than that of PC and C2 groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in survival rate (SR) among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared to the PC and NC groups, the total superoxide capacity, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme were significantly higher in the C4 group (P < 0.05); the glutathione peroxidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the C3 group (P < 0.05); and the malondialdehyde was significantly lower in the C4 group (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of Toll receptor (TLR), innate immune deficiency gene (IMD), penaiedin3a (Pen3) were significantly down-regulated in the NC group than those in the PC group (P < 0.05). In addition, the relative mRNA expressions of TLR, IMD and Pen3 were significantly up-regulated in all groups supplemented with CB than those in the NC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the cumulative mortality rate in the NC group was not significantly different from the PC group (P > 0.05) and was significantly higher than those in the C3 and C4 groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the CB supplementation on the basis of CPC replacement of 30% fishmeal protein enhanced significantly the antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of shrimp and improved its growth performance. Therefore, considering the factors of the growth, immunity and disease resistance, the CB supplementation of 0.12%-0.48% (1.2 × 109 CFU/kg-4.8 × 109 CFU/kg) was recommended in the diet of L. vannamei based on the results of this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co.Ltd, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Ling Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Ruitao Xie
- Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co.Ltd, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
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Aragão C, Gonçalves AT, Costas B, Azeredo R, Xavier MJ, Engrola S. Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1211. [PMID: 35565636 PMCID: PMC9103129 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture has been challenged to find alternative ingredients to develop innovative feed formulations that foster a sustainable future growth. Given the most recent trends in fish feed formulation on the use of alternative protein sources to decrease the dependency of fishmeal, it is fundamental to evaluate the implications of this new paradigm for fish health and welfare. This work intends to comprehensively review the impacts of alternative and novel dietary protein sources on fish gut microbiota and health, stress and immune responses, disease resistance, and antioxidant capacity. The research results indicate that alternative protein sources, such as terrestrial plant proteins, rendered animal by-products, insect meals, micro- and macroalgae, and single cell proteins (e.g., yeasts), may negatively impact gut microbiota and health, thus affecting immune and stress responses. Nevertheless, some of the novel protein sources, such as insects and algae meals, have functional properties and may exert an immunostimulatory activity. Further research on the effects of novel protein sources, beyond growth, is clearly needed. The information gathered here is of utmost importance, in order to develop innovative diets that guarantee the production of healthy fish with high quality standards and optimised welfare conditions, thus contributing to a sustainable growth of the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Aragão
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.J.X.); (S.E.)
| | - Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- SPAROS Lda, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (B.C.); (R.A.)
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Azeredo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (B.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria João Xavier
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.J.X.); (S.E.)
| | - Sofia Engrola
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.J.X.); (S.E.)
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Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal (FeedKind®) could effectively improve the growth, apparent digestibility coefficient, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant indices of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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