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Masebo NT, Marliani G, Shannon Del Re F, Abram L, Cavallini D, Di Pietro M, Beltrame A, Schiavon E, Bolcato M, Hernandez Bermudez J, Gentile A, Jacinto JGP. Evaluation of antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatments for BRD on health and welfare in fattening bulls: a cross-sectional study. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-11. [PMID: 38711265 PMCID: PMC11078067 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2347928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of different treatments for BRD on health and welfare in fattening bulls. A total of 264 bulls were enrolled. Welfare was assessed on day 2 (T0) and day 15 (T1) after arrival. A decrease in the welfare level was observed from T0 to T1. All bulls were inspected clinically at T0 and T1 revealing an increase of skin lesions and lameness in T1. In both periods, a high incidence of respiratory disease was observed. A prevalence of 79.55% and 95.45% of Mycoplasma bovis using RT-PCR and culture at T0 and T1 respectively was observed. Blood samples were collected for haematology at T0 and T1. At T0, 36 animals were individually treated for BRD with an antimicrobial (IT), 54 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin (M), 150 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin plus a second antimicrobial (M + IT) whereas 24 were considered healthy and therefore not treated (NT). Additionally, 128 were treated with a non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAID). Neutrophils of M + IT were significantly higher than groups NT and M and the lymphocytes of M + IT were significantly lower than that of IT. White blood cells, neutrophils and N/L ratio of animals treated with an NSAID was significantly higher than that not treated. Lung inspection of 172 bulls at the abattoir indicated that 92.43% presented at least one lung lesion. A statistically significant effect of the NSAID treatment on the lung lesions was observed. Our findings indicate that BRD was a major welfare and health concern and evidence the difficulties of antimicrobial treatment of M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naod Thomas Masebo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Soddo University, Wolaita Soddo, Ethiopia
| | - Giovanna Marliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Shannon Del Re
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Abram
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Eliana Schiavon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Bolcato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joaquin Hernandez Bermudez
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Universitario, Lugo, Spain
| | - Arcangelo Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joana G. P. Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Sameed Saher A, Raza A, Qiu F, Mehmood K, Hussain R, Qayyum A, Idris M, Almutairi MH, Li K. Detection of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A as biomarkers in naturally infected Mycoplasma bovis calves. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107215. [PMID: 38604328 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The livestock sector of Pakistan is increasing rapidly and it plays important role both for rural community and national economy. It is estimated that almost 8 million rural people are involved in livestock rearing and earning about 35-40 % of their income from the livestock sector. Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) infection causes significant economic losses in dairy animals especially young calf in the form of clinical illnesses such as pneumonia, poly-arthritis, respiratory distress and mortality. M. bovis is hard to diagnose and control because of uneven disease appearance and it is usually noticed in asymptomatic animals. For the identification of M. bovis in sub-clinical and clinical samples, determination of acute phase proteins i.e., haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important tools for the timely diagnosis of disease. Therefore, early diagnosis of disease and hemato-biochemical changes are considered beneficial tools to control the infectious agent to uplift the economy of the dairy farmers. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 200 calves of Bovidae family. Serum was separated from blood samples to determine the concentration of Hp and SAA, while blood samples were processed to determine hematological changes in blood from calves by using hematological analyzer. The blood plasma obtained from the blood samples was processed to measure oxidative stress factors. Lungs tissues from slaughterhouses/ morbid calves were collected to observe histopathological changes. The results of present study indicated that level of SAA and Hp remarkably increased (P < 0.05) in M. bovis infected calves in comparison to healthy calves. The oxidative stress markers indicated that nitric oxide and MDA levels in the infected calves increased significantly (P < 0.05), while infected claves had considerably lower levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. These findings indicate that oxidative stress play role to increase the level of APPs, while monitoring of APPs levels may serve as a valuable addition to the clinical evaluation of naturally infected calves with M. bovis. The hematological parameters were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Altogether, this study suggests that Hp and SAA are proposed as promising biomarkers for detecting naturally occurring M. bovis infection in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sameed Saher
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province & Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Musadiq Idris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Corrales JC, Sánchez A, Hernández X, Amores-Iniesta J, Esnal A, de la Fe C. A Set of Multiresistant Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis Subtype ST-1 with a Variable Susceptibility to Quinolones Are Also Circulating in Spain. Pathogens 2024; 13:329. [PMID: 38668284 PMCID: PMC11053527 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is one of the worldwide most important infectious agents involved in respiratory complex diseases (RCD). In Spain, the endemic presence of subtypes ST-2 and ST-3 with phenotypic differences linked to their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones opened the way to develop control strategies focused on previous diagnosis of the subtype and the use of directed therapies when M. bovis were involved in RCD. Surprisingly, microbiological studies conducted during 2023 evidenced for the first time the presence of Spanish isolates of a new polC-subtype, previously classified as ST-1, recovered from calves with respiratory symptoms and pneumonia in different areas of the country (n = 16). Curiously, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to a panel of antimicrobials revealed phenotypic differences between these ST-1 isolates when using fluoroquinolones (FLQ). There is no geographical correlation between MIC profiles even for a set of 8 isolates recovered from different animals in the same flock. Sequencing of 4 genes (gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE) encoding quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) evidenced the presence of accumulate mutations in 2 ST-1 isolates with high FLQ MICs, but not in all them (n = 3), thus suggesting that, as previously recorded for ST-2 isolates, other mechanisms should be involved in the acquisition of resistence to these antimicrobials. Additionally, as previously detected in the Spanish ST-2 and ST-3, subtype ST-1 isolates are also resistant to macrolides or lincosamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Corrales
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.C.C.); (A.S.); (X.H.); (J.A.-I.)
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.C.C.); (A.S.); (X.H.); (J.A.-I.)
| | - Xóchitl Hernández
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.C.C.); (A.S.); (X.H.); (J.A.-I.)
| | - Joaquín Amores-Iniesta
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.C.C.); (A.S.); (X.H.); (J.A.-I.)
| | - Antón Esnal
- Analítica Veterinaria, 48100 Mungía, Vasque Country, Spain;
| | - Christian de la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.C.C.); (A.S.); (X.H.); (J.A.-I.)
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Okella H, Tonooka K, Okello E. A Systematic Review of the Recent Techniques Commonly Used in the Diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis in Dairy Cattle. Pathogens 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 37764986 PMCID: PMC10535753 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of Mycoplasmal mastitis is greatly hampered by late seroconversion, slow growth of Mycoplasma organisms, intermittent shedding, and the high cost of diagnostic tests. To improve future diagnostic development, examining the available techniques is necessary. Accordingly, the present study systematically reviewed M. bovis diagnostic studies published between January 2000 and April 2023 utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The protocol registration was performed according to the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ug79h), and the electronic search was conducted in the World Catalog, Mendeley, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Google Scholar, Prime Scholar, and PubMed Central databases using a Boolean operator and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 1194 pieces of literature retrieved, 67 studies were included. Four broad categories of up to 16 diagnostic approaches were reported: microbial culture, serological, DNA-based, and mass spectrometry. Overall, DNA-based techniques were the most published (48.0%), with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as the most promising user-friendly, equipment-free techniques. On the other hand, mass spectrometry was reported as the least utilized (2.9%) given the high equipment cost. Though costly and laboratory-allied, DNA-based techniques, particularly PCRs, were reported as the most rapid and specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedmon Okella
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Karen Tonooka
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Barnewall RJ, Marsh IB, Williams TM, Cusack PMV, Sales N, Galea F, Szentirmay AN, Quinn JC. Efficiency-corrected PCR quantification for identification of prevalence and load of respiratory disease-causing agents in feedlot cattle. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:539-549. [PMID: 36328540 PMCID: PMC9804408 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most prevalent disease in feedlot cattle worldwide with Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, Pasteurella multocida and Trueperella pyogenes accepted to be common etiological agents associated with BRD. Although these agents are common in the upper and lower airways in clinical BRD cases, some also exist as normal flora suggesting their presence in the upper airways alone is not necessarily informative with respect to disease status or risk. To determine the relationship between presence, load and disease status, we investigated the relationship between load in the upper airways at induction and active BRD cases in feedlot cattle using efficiency-corrected PCR quantification. By this approach, we were able to accurately determine the prevalence and load of the key BRD agents in the upper respiratory tract showing that cattle in the hospital pen had a higher prevalence, and load, of these agents both singly and in combination compared to cattle sampled at feedlot induction. A combination of agents was the most accurate indicator of BRD risk with cattle with four or more agents detected in the upper airway more likely to be undergoing treatment for BRD than non-BRD ailments. In addition, M. bovis was rarely detected at feedlot induction but was identified at high prevalence in cattle in the hospital pen. These findings present a potential new technological approach for the investigation, analysis and identification of BRD-associated viral and bacterial agents for Australian feedlot systems as well as for BRD disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- RJ Barnewall
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt UniversityLocked Bag 588Wagga WaggaNew South Wales2678Australia,Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the EnvironmentWagga WaggaNew South Wales2678Australia
| | - IB Marsh
- NSW DPI, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural InstitutePMB 4008NarellanNew South Wales2567Australia
| | - TM Williams
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt UniversityLocked Bag 588Wagga WaggaNew South Wales2678Australia,Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the EnvironmentWagga WaggaNew South Wales2678Australia,Present address:
School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University554‐700 Yaamba Road, Norman GardensRockhamptonQueensland4701Australia
| | - PMV Cusack
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt UniversityLocked Bag 588Wagga WaggaNew South Wales2678Australia,Australian Livestock Production ServicesCowraNew South Wales2794Australia
| | - N Sales
- NSW DPI, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural InstitutePMB 4008NarellanNew South Wales2567Australia
| | - F Galea
- NSW DPI, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural InstitutePMB 4008NarellanNew South Wales2567Australia
| | - AN Szentirmay
- Gene Target Solutions Pty Ltd, Unit 3CBuilding 4, 256B New Line RoadDuralNew South Wales2158Australia
| | - JC Quinn
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt UniversityLocked Bag 588Wagga WaggaNew South Wales2678Australia,Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the EnvironmentWagga WaggaNew South Wales2678Australia
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Oucheriah Y, Heleili N, Colin A, Mottet C, Tardy F, Becker CAM. Prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in Algeria and Characterisation of the Isolated Clones. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:910799. [PMID: 35669175 PMCID: PMC9163989 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.910799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is common in calves in Algeria, but to date, Mycoplasma bovis has never been monitored as a potential etiological agent. Here, to assess the presence (direct detection) and circulation (indirect detection) of M. bovis, broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and serum samples were collected from 60 veal calf farms in Algeria. A commercial ELISA kit (ID Screen® ELISA) was used to screen for the presence of specific antibodies against M. bovis in 351 blood sera collected from both diseased and healthy calves, and 69% (241 sera) tested positive. BALFs from the 176 diseased calves were used to screen for M. bovis by real-time-PCR (rt-PCR), and 102 (58%) tested positive. A non-exhaustive set of 53 clones were isolated from 44 calves and further subtyped using polC gene sequencing. No predominant subtype was found, and two clones exhibited a new subtype. Fourteen clones were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing, and results showed a high degree of genetic diversity, with some clones having new alleles and subtypes. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 5 antimicrobials regularly used to treat BRD was determined on 45 clones. Susceptibility profiles showed very broad diversity, confirming the variety of clones actively circulating. We detected clones with high MICs, including increased MICs of enrofloxacin (n = 5). This is the first study to report the presence of M. bovis in Algeria in calves with BRD. This research also finds broad genetic and phenotypic diversity in the actively circulating isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nouzha Heleili
- Université de Batna, Laboratoire de Recherche ESPA, Batna, Algeria
| | - Adélie Colin
- Université de Lyon, Anses, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Mottet
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Anses, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- Université de Lyon, Anses, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Lyon, France
| | - Claire A M Becker
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Anses, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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