1
|
Khan S, Shi X, Cai R, Shuai Z, Mao W, Khan IM, Swelum AA, Guo J. Effect of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal and oil on the performance, biochemical profile, intestinal health and gut microbial dynamics in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104460. [PMID: 39510004 PMCID: PMC11577212 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of incorporating black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal and oil on laying hens' performance, egg quality, serum profile, intestinal structure, and gut health. A total of 378 Lohmann laying hens (age 48 wk) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 3 replicates of 21 hens each. Following 7 d acclimation, the trail was conducted for 8 weeks. The dietary groups include: basal corn-soybean meal diet (S) without BSF (BSO) oil (S+BSO 0), S with BSF oil (S+BSO 100), BSF meal (9 %) without BSF oil (BSF 9+BSO 0), BSF meal (9 %) with BSF oil (BSF 9+BSO 100), BSF meal (18 %) without BSF oil (BSF 18+BSO 0), and BSF meal (18 %) with BSF oil (BSF 18+BSO 100). The results showed that the BSF 18 + BSO 100 diet significantly reduced egg weight (P < 0.001) compared to other dietary treatments. The addition of BSF meal reduced feed intake (P < 0.001) and the Haugh units (P < 0.05) in hens fed 18 % BSF meal with and without BSO. The jejunum villus area, crypt depth, and intestinal wall thickness increased with the increase in the inclusion of BSF larvae meal (P < 0.001). The ileum villus height, crypt depth and intestinal wall thickness increased (P < 0.001) at 9 % BSF meal and then decreased at 18 % BSF meal with and without BSF oil. The bacteria genera Ruminococcus, Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Ruminococcus torques, and Intestinimonas were positively associated with the dietary treatments, while Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Clostridium, and Faecalibacterium were negatively associated with the dietary treatments. The inclusion of BSF meal and oil enriched the functional network of several pathways, including ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism, highlighting the positive effects of BSF larvae meal and oil on the chicken gut microbiota. In conclusion, BSF meal at 9 % with BSF oil and BSF meal at 18 % without BSF oil can be incorporated into the diet without impairing the performance and gut health of laying hens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Renlian Cai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhao Shuai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan S, Shi X, Cai R, Zhao S, Li X, Khan IM, Yin Z, Lu H, Hilal MG, Yi R, Wu Y, Guo J. Assessing the performance, egg quality, serum analysis, heavy metals and essential trace metals accumulation in laying hen eggs and tissues fed black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104315. [PMID: 39316985 PMCID: PMC11462471 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae convert wastes into protein, playing a vital role in addressing the challenge of sustainable poultry production. These larvae accumulate toxic substances, posing a risk to feed and food safety. This study investigates the effects of substituting soybean meal with different levels of BSF larvae meal on laying performance, egg quality, serum analysis, and the deposition of various metals in eggs, meat, and excreta. A total of 1,008 Lohmann hens (age 48 wk) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal (CK) diet replaced with 7% (BSF7), 14% (BSF14), and 21% (BSF21) BSF larvae meal. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates with 42 hens each and the trial lasted for 8 wk. Dietary BSF larvae meal treatments increased (linear, P < 0.05) the laying rate (1.52 to 1.95%) and decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the feed intake (3.64-3.86 g) during the entire experiment. During 48 to 52 wk, egg weight was decreased (P < 0.001) 0.93 g for the BSF21 group compared to CK group, however, during 52-56 wk, no differences in egg weight were observed among treatments. The addition of BSF larvae meal enhanced the eggshell strength (linear, P < 0.05), with no effect on the albumen height and yolk weight (P > 0.05). Low transfer of arsenic, lead, and cadmium concentration was observed in the egg yolk and egg white across different treatments (P > 0.05). Conversely, the concentrations of these metals and iron showed an increase, while Zinc exhibited a decrease in excreta as the dietary intake of BSF larvae meal increased. The chromium and iron increased linearly (P < 0.001) in the egg white with the inclusion of BSF larvae meal. Egg white iron and chromium showed a strong positive correlation with the dietary zinc and copper. Taken together, BSF larvae can replace soybean meal completely in laying diet, however, careful attention requires to elevated metal levels in diet and excreta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Renlian Cai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Xialin Li
- College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Hongpei Lu
- College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Mian Gul Hilal
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring and Green Prevention and Control in Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Ren Yi
- North Alabama International College of Engineering and Technology, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montalbán A, Madrid J, Hernández F, Schiavone A, Ruiz E, Sánchez CJ, Ayala L, Fiorilla E, Martínez-Miró S. The Influence of Alternative Diets and Whole Dry Black Soldier Fly Larvae ( Hermetia illucens) on the Production Performance, Blood Status, and Egg Quality of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2550. [PMID: 39272336 PMCID: PMC11394493 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the significant environmental consequences of current poultry feed practices and the heavy dependence of the European Union on imported soybeans, studying alternatives is crucial. This study evaluated the potential benefits of using locally sourced alternative plant-based ingredients and whole dry black soldier fly larvae in the diet of laying hens. The experiment involved 120 Isazul hens at 23 weeks old, which were divided into three groups with five replicates each (eight hens per replicate): a control diet (CON) based on soybean meal and cereals, an alternative diet (ALT) replacing the soybean meal with locally sourced plant-based resources (peas, distillers' dried grains with solubles, and sunflower meal), and the ALT diet supplemented with 5% whole dry black soldier fly larvae (ALT+DBSFL). Over 15 weeks, the hens were fed ad libitum, and the production performance, egg quality, and plasma biochemical parameters were assessed across three experimental sub-periods. The results showed no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, or feed conversion ratio across the diets (p > 0.05). The egg quality remained consistent across all the groups; however, the hens fed the ALT+DBSFL diet exhibited higher Haugh units in the first experimental sub-period (p < 0.05) and lower plasma cholesterol and triglycerides at 32 weeks of age (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that incorporating these alternative ingredients and whole DBSFL into layers' diets does not compromise production performance, egg quality, or biochemical parameters related to health status, supporting their potential as sustainable feed alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montalbán
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Eduardo Ruiz
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristian J Sánchez
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Ayala
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Edoardo Fiorilla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fikri F, Purnomo A, Chhetri S, Purnama MTE, Çalışkan H. Effects of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on production performance, egg quality, and physiological properties in laying hens: A meta-analysis. Vet World 2024; 17:1904-1913. [PMID: 39328432 PMCID: PMC11422650 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1904-1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The primary components of fat and protein in chicken diets are fishmeal and soybean; however, due to limited supply and high costs, several efforts have been made to utilize alternative feedstuffs. The potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a substitute for fat and protein has been extensively studied, but the findings are not consistent. This study used a meta-analysis approach to investigate the integrated efficacy of BSFL supplementation on laying hen production performance, egg quality, and physiological properties. Materials and Methods The articles were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. The retrieved references were examined for potential inclusion. The relevant findings of the included studies were then extracted. Fixed-effects, standard mean difference, 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity models were analyzed using the Review Manager website version (Cochrane Collaboration, UK). Results A total of 24 papers from 17 different nations across five continents have been selected for meta-analysis out of the 3621 articles that were reviewed. The current meta-analysis demonstrated that providing BSFL meals significantly favored feed efficiency, haugh units, albumen quality, eggshell quality, serum glucose, and lipid levels. In addition, significant trends in alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and iron levels were observed in blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. On the other hand, it was revealed that there was no favorable effect on weight gain, laying, yolk quality, and hematological profile. Conclusion The meta-analysis confirmed that BSFL meals can be utilized to optimize feed efficiency, haugh units, albumen, eggshell quality, liver, renal, and cellular physiology of laying hens, although they did not significantly increase body weight gain, laying production, and hematological profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Fikri
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
| | - Agus Purnomo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shekhar Chhetri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Punakha, Bhutan
| | - Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Çalışkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim B, Kim M, Jeong JY, Kim HR, Ji SY, Jung H, Park SH. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil as an alternative fat ingredient to soybean oil in laying hen diets. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1408-1417. [PMID: 35538700 PMCID: PMC9449400 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
|
6
|
Lippi N, Predieri S, Chieco C, Daniele GM, Cianciabella M, Magli M, Maistrello L, Gatti E. Italian Consumers' Readiness to Adopt Eggs from Insect-Fed Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113278. [PMID: 34828009 PMCID: PMC8614258 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An overall increase in food demand is pushing the agri-food sector toward higher food output. In particular, the feeding of laying hens plays a major role, requiring larger quantities of soybean meal for egg production each year. Replacing soybean meal with insect meal has proven to lower the environmental impact compared to traditional feed production, but it may influence consumer acceptance. An online survey was conducted to evaluate the perception and the readiness of Italian consumers to the use of eggs from laying hens fed with insect meal. The results showed a considerable level of willingness of the participants to face this innovative scenario. Abstract Demand for eggs from laying hens is increasing as the world population continues to grow. The use of insects as animal feed is a strategic opportunity to find a new innovative, economic and sustainable source of protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Italian consumer inclination for eggs produced with the use of insect-fed hens. The investigation on consumers’ readiness to adopt eggs from insect-fed hens was carried out through an online survey conducted on 510 participants. Survey results outlined four different clusters on the basis of the willingness to buy/eat eggs fed with insects: “ready” (40.1%), “environmentalist” (24.3%), “cautious” (21.7%), and “reluctant” (13.9%). “Ready”, “environmentalist”, and “cautious” were quite favorable to the use of insects as feed stuffs and share drivers for product choice: cheap, organic, and with an explicit indication of use of insects. On the other hand, for the “reluctant”, the diet based on insects was the main negative factor influencing product acceptance. This cluster also showed the highest level of neophobia. Italian consumers showed a considerable level of readiness to accept insects as feed material for egg production, which should be reinforced with further information on the origin and the environmental benefit of using insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lippi
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Stefano Predieri
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0516398083
| | - Camilla Chieco
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Giulia Maria Daniele
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Marta Cianciabella
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Magli
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, Department of Life Science, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola, 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Gatti
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|