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Tian J, Yang Y, Du X, Xu W, Zhu B, Huang Y, Ye Y, Zhao Y, Li Y. Effects of dietary soluble β-1,3-glucan on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of the river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108848. [PMID: 37230308 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan on the growth performance, body composition, hepatopancreas tissue structure, antioxidant activities, and immune response of the river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) were investigated. In total, 900 juvenile prawns were fed one of five diets with different contents of β-1,3-glucan (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 1.0%) or 0.2% curdlan for 6 weeks. The growth rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, specific weight gain rate, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index of juvenile prawns fed 0.2% β-1,3-glucan were significantly higher than those fed 0% β-1,3-glucan and 0.2% curdlan (p < 0.05). The whole-body crude lipid content of prawns supplemented with curdlan and β-1,3-glucan was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The antioxidant and immune enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LZM), phenoloxidase (PO), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the hepatopancreas of juvenile prawns fed 0.2% β-1,3-glucan were significantly higher than those of the control and 0.2% curdlan groups (p < 0.05), and tended to increase and then decrease with increasing dietary β-1,3-glucan. The highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content was observed in juvenile prawns without β-1,3-glucan supplementation. The results of real-time quantitative PCR indicated that dietary β-1,3-glucan promoted expression of antioxidant and immune-related genes. Binomial fit analysis of weight gain rate and specific weight gain rate showed that the optimum β-1,3-glucan requirement of juvenile prawns was 0.550%-0.553%. We found that suitable dietary β-1,3-glucan improved juvenile prawns growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and non-specific immunity, which provide reference for shrimp healthy culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bihong Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Sanjeewani K, Lee KJ. Dietary Riboflavin Requirement of Pacific White Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6685592. [PMID: 37143963 PMCID: PMC10154092 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6685592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the dietary riboflavin requirement and its effects on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, and diet digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei. A riboflavin-free basal diet (R0) was formulated as a control, and six other diets were prepared by adding riboflavin of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg to the basal diet (designated as R10, R20, R30, R40, R50, and R60, respectively). Quadruplicate groups of shrimp (initial average weight 0.17 ± 0.00 g) were fed the diets six times a day for 8 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly increased by riboflavin (p < 0.05). The maximum values were observed in shrimp fed R40 diet. The highest activities of phenoloxidase, nitro blue tetrazolium, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in shrimp fed R40 diet. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in shrimp fed R30 and R40 diets than that of shrimp fed R60 diet (p < 0.05). Intestinal villi were significantly longer in shrimp fed R50 and R60 diets compared to those of all other groups while the shortest villi were observed in R0 group (p < 0.05). Intestinal villi were clearly distinguished in shrimp fed higher levels of riboflavin compared to those of shrimp fed R0 and R10 diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein in diets were not significantly affected by riboflavin levels (p < 0.05). Whole-body proximate composition and hemolymph biochemical parameters were not significantly altered by dietary riboflavin (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that riboflavin is essential to enhance growth performance, feed utilization, nonspecific immunity, and intestine morphology of shrimp. An optimal riboflavin requirement for the maximum growth of L. vannamei seems to be approximately 40.9 mg/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokila Sanjeewani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
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Development of semi-moist formulated feed for female orange mud crabs, Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) broodstocks with graded lipid levels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Emerenciano MGC, Rombenso AN, Vieira FDN, Martins MA, Coman GJ, Truong HH, Noble TH, Simon CJ. Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030236. [PMID: 35158558 PMCID: PMC8833552 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensification of the shrimp sector, also referred to as vertical expansion, has been predominately driven by consecutive incidences of global disease outbreaks, which have caused enormous economic loss for the main producer countries. A growing segment of the shrimp farming industry has opted to use production systems with higher density, biosecurity, and operating control to mitigate the risks posed by disease. However, successful super-intensive shrimp production is reliant on an advanced understanding of many important biological and economic parameters in the farming system, coupled with effective monitoring, to maintain optimal production. Compared to traditional extensive or semi-intensive systems, super-intensive systems require higher inputs of feed, energy, labor, and supplements. These systems are highly sensitive to the interactions between these different inputs and require that the biological and economical parameters of farming are carefully balanced to ensure success. Advancing nutritional knowledge and tools to support consistent and efficient production of shrimp in these high-cost super-intensive systems is also necessary. Breeding programs developing breeding-lines selected for these challenging super-intensive environments are critical. Understanding synergies between the key areas of production systems, nutrition, and breeding are crucial for super-intensive farming as all three areas coalesce to influence the health of shrimp and commercial farming success. This article reviews current strategies and innovations being used for Litopenaeus vannamei in production systems, nutrition, and breeding, and discusses the synergies across these areas that can support the production of healthy and high-quality shrimp in super-intensive systems. Finally, we briefly discuss some key issues of social license pertinent to the super-intensive shrimp farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício G. C. Emerenciano
- Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Woorim 4507, Australia; (A.N.R.); (G.J.C.); (H.H.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Artur N. Rombenso
- Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Woorim 4507, Australia; (A.N.R.); (G.J.C.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Felipe d. N. Vieira
- Marine Shrimp Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88061-600, Brazil; (F.d.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mateus A. Martins
- Marine Shrimp Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88061-600, Brazil; (F.d.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Greg J. Coman
- Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Woorim 4507, Australia; (A.N.R.); (G.J.C.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Ha H. Truong
- Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Woorim 4507, Australia; (A.N.R.); (G.J.C.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Tansyn H. Noble
- Livestock & Aquaculture Program, CSIRO, Berrimah 0828, Australia;
| | - Cedric J. Simon
- Livestock & Aquaculture Program, CSIRO, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia 4067, Australia;
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