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Mendes R, Conceição LEC, Dias J, Engrola S, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ. Nile tilapia and gilthead seabream dietary self-selection of alternative feeds. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1849-1860. [PMID: 38985359 PMCID: PMC11286691 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Classical assessments of new fish feeds are anthropocentric, focusing mainly on growth. Although this methodology is accurate, it does not consider the fish' perspective. This study aimed to investigate the behavioural responses and feed preferences of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) through a self-selection trial using self-feeders. Both species were offered three feeds: a control (PD) commercial-like feed and two diets (ORG1 and ORG2) formulated with different inclusions of alternative ingredients to address some of the current environmental concerns and/or ethical issues often associated with commercial formulations. Three groups of tilapia with an average weight of 163.0 g ± 4.3 g (mean ± SD) and four groups of seabreams with 174.7 g ± 27.0 g were tested. Tilapia exhibited a preference for ORG2 (46.5%), influenced by the sensory properties of the feed and post-ingestion signals. Seabream did not show a preference for any feed. These findings highlight the effectiveness of self-selection experiments in allowing fish to express their feeding behaviour and preferences. Therefore, this approach should be considered in the initial screening and design of new aquaculture feeds and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mendes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30003, Murcia, Spain.
- Sparos Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal.
- Centre of Marine Sciences, (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Luís E C Conceição
- Sparos Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Jorge Dias
- Sparos Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sofia Engrola
- Centre of Marine Sciences, (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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2
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Pulido-Rodriguez LF, Bruni L, Secci G, Moutinho S, Peres H, Petochi T, Marino G, Tibaldi E, Parisi G. Growth, Hepatic Enzymatic Activity, and Quality of European Seabass Fed on Hermetia illucens and Poultry By-Product Meal in a Commercial Farm. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1449. [PMID: 38791666 PMCID: PMC11117365 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein meals from insects in combination with poultry by-product meal appear to be promising ingredients for replacing conventional proteins in the diets of carnivorous fish. The present study explored the effects on growth performance, hepatic enzymatic activity, and fillet physical and nutritional characteristics during a 66-day feeding trial performed on European seabass. A total of 3000 fish were distributed into three tanks, where the control group was fed with a commercial diet (CG) and a second group was fed in duplicate with the experimental diet (SSH) containing 10% Hermetia illucens larva meal, 30% poultry by-product meal, and <5.5 g/100 g of feed of marine origin proteins. All fish showed good growth performance. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities were higher in the SSH group than in the CG group. The fillet fatty acid profile was largely unaffected by diet, except for a few fatty acids. Fish fed the SSH diet had a lower C22:1n-11 content than CG, thus suggesting an increased β-oxidation. The oxidative status of muscle lipids was not affected by the diet. In conclusion, the present study showed that European seabass can be successfully fed the SSH diet for two months in a commercial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fernanda Pulido-Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (L.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Leonardo Bruni
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (L.B.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Rúa de Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (L.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Sara Moutinho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (S.M.); (H.P.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (S.M.); (H.P.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tommaso Petochi
- Department of Sustainable Aquaculture, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy; (T.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanna Marino
- Department of Sustainable Aquaculture, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy; (T.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Emilio Tibaldi
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (L.B.); (G.P.)
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3
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Donadelli V, Di Marco P, Mandich A, Finoia MG, Cardinaletti G, Petochi T, Longobardi A, Tibaldi E, Marino G. Effects of Dietary Plant Protein Replacement with Insect and Poultry By-Product Meals on the Liver Health and Serum Metabolites of Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) and Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:241. [PMID: 38254412 PMCID: PMC10812684 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver health of Gilthead sea bream and European sea bass, fed with fish meal-free diets, including various proportions of plant proteins, as well as insect and poultry by-product meals, was investigated through biochemical and histological analyses using a new liver index (LI) formula. Four isoproteic (45% Dry Matter, DM) and isolipidic (20% DM) diets were compared, including a plant-based control diet (CV) and three other test diets, in which 40% of a plant protein-rich ingredient mixture was replaced with meals from Hermetia illucens (H40) or poultry by-product (P40) alone, or in combination (H10P30). The trials lasted 12 and 18 weeks for sea bream and sea bass, respectively. The results obtained thus far highlighted species-specific differences in the physiological response to dietary changes. In sea bream, the biochemical and histological responses suggest favorable physiological and liver health statuses, with higher serum cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TAG) levels, as well as moderate hepatocyte lipid accumulation, with the H10P30 diet compared to the CV (p < 0.05). In sea bass, all diets resulted in elevated serum TAG levels and lipid accumulation in the liver, particularly in fish fed the P40 one (p < 0.05), which resulted in the highest LI, coupled with a higher frequency of severe lipid accumulation, hypertrophy, cord loss, peripheral nuclei displacement, and pyknosis. In conclusion, sea bream adapted well to the test diets, whereas sea bass exhibited altered hepatic lipid metabolism leading to incipient liver steatosis, likely due to the high lipid contents of the diets, including the insect and poultry meals. The LI formula developed in this study proved to be a reliable tool for assessing the effects of dietary changes on the liver health of sea bream and sea bass, consistent with biochemical and histological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Donadelli
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Di Marco
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Alberta Mandich
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB—Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Finoia
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Tommaso Petochi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandro Longobardi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Emilio Tibaldi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Giovanna Marino
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
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Zarantoniello M, de Oliveira AA, Sahin T, Freddi L, Torregiani M, Tucciarone I, Chemello G, Cardinaletti G, Gatto E, Parisi G, Bertolucci C, Riolo P, Nartea A, Gioacchini G, Olivotto I. Enhancing Rearing of European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaponic Systems: Investigating the Effects of Enriched Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Meal on Fish Welfare and Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1921. [PMID: 37370431 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the modern aquaculture goals, the present study aimed to couple sustainable aquafeed formulation and culturing systems. Two experimental diets characterized by 3 and 20% of fish meal replacement with full-fat spirulina-enriched black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae meal (HPM3 and HPM20, respectively) were tested on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles during a 90-day feeding trial performed in aquaponic systems. The experimental diets ensured 100% survival and proper zootechnical performance. No behavioral alterations were evidenced in fish. Histological and molecular analyses did not reveal structural alterations and signs of inflammation at the intestinal level, highlighting the beneficial role on gut health of bioactive molecules typical of HPM or derived from the enriching procedure of insects' growth substrate with spirulina. Considering the quality traits, the tested experimental diets did not negatively alter the fillet's fatty acid profile and did not compromise the fillet's physical features. In addition, the results highlighted a possible role of spirulina-enriched HPM in preserving the fillet from lipid oxidation. Taken together, these results corroborate the use of sustainable ingredients (spirulina-enriched HPM) in aquaponic systems for euryhaline fish rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriana Alves de Oliveira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matoshinos, Portugal
| | - Tolga Sahin
- Department of Aquaculture, Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17000 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Lorenzo Freddi
- Mj Energy srl Società Agricola, Contrada SS. Crocifisso, 22, 62010 Treia, Italy
| | - Matteo Torregiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Isabella Tucciarone
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elia Gatto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ancuta Nartea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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5
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Zarantoniello M, Chemello G, Ratti S, Pulido-Rodríguez LF, Daniso E, Freddi L, Salinetti P, Nartea A, Bruni L, Parisi G, Riolo P, Olivotto I. Growth and Welfare Status of Giant Freshwater Prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Post-Larvae Reared in Aquaponic Systems and Fed Diets including Enriched Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Meal. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040715. [PMID: 36830501 PMCID: PMC9952608 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited application of insect meal in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture, the present study aimed to (i) produce spirulina-enriched full-fat black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae meal (HM) and (ii) test, for the first time, two experimental diets characterized by 3% or 20% of fish meal and fish oil replacement with full-fat HM (HM3 and HM20, respectively) on M. rosenbergii post-larvae during a 60-day feeding trial conducted in aquaponic systems. The experimental diets did not negatively affect survival rates or growth. The use of spirulina-enriched HM resulted in a progressive increase in α-tocopherol and carotenoids in HM3 and HM20 diets that possibly played a crucial role in preserving prawn muscle-quality traits. The massive presence of lipid droplets in R cells in all the experimental groups reflected a proper nutrient provision and evidenced the necessity to store energy for molting. The increased number of B cells in the HM3 and HM20 groups could be related to the different compositions of the lipid fraction among the experimental diets instead of a nutrient absorption impairment caused by chitin. Finally, the expression of the immune response and stress markers confirmed that the experimental diets did not affect the welfare status of M. rosenbergii post-larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Daniso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Freddi
- Mj Energy srl Società Agricola, Contrada SS. Crocifisso, 22, 62010 Treia, Italy
| | - Pietro Salinetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ancuta Nartea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Melis R, Vitangeli I, Anedda R. Effect of fish diet and cooking mode on the composition and microstructure of ready-to-eat fish fillets of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Basto-Silva C, Couto A, Rodrigues J, Oliva-Teles A, Navarro I, Kaiya H, Capilla E, Guerreiro I. Feeding frequency and dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio affect feed intake and appetite regulation-related genes expression in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111168. [PMID: 35182764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of feeding frequency (FF) and dietary protein/carbohydrate (P/CH) ratios on appetite regulation of gilthead seabream, two practical diets were formulated to include high protein and low carbohydrate (P50/CH10 diet) or low protein and high carbohydrate (P40/CH20 diet) content and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish until visual satiation each meal at a FF of 1, 2, or 3 meals per day. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in fish fed 2 or 3 meals than 1 meal per day and in fish fed the P40/CH20 than the P50/CH10 diet. The specific growth rate was only affected by FF, being higher in fish fed 2 or 3 meals per day than 1 meal per day. Expression of the cocaine-amphetamine-related transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, ghrelin receptor-a (ghsr-a), leptin, and neuropeptide y in the brain, cholecystokinin (cck) in the intestine, and leptin and ghrelin in the stomach was not affected by FF or dietary P/CH ratio. This is the first time that ghrelin cells were immune-located in the stomach of gilthead seabream. Fish fed 3 meals per day presented lower cck expression in the brain than those fed twice per day and higher hepatic ghsr-b expression than those fed once per day. Fish fed P40/CH20 diet presented higher hepatic leptin expression than those fed P50/CH10 diet. In conclusion, present results indicate that feeding a P40/CH20 diet at 3 meals a day seems to decrease the satiation feeling of gilthead seabream compared to fish fed higher P/CH ratio diets or fed 1 or 2 meals a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Basto-Silva
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Couto
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Rodrigues
- FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Sinmachi, Suita, 564-8565 Osaka, Japan
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Guerreiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Arena R, de Medeiros ACL, Secci G, Mancini S, Manuguerra S, Bovera F, Santulli A, Parisi G, Messina CM, Piccolo G. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Honeybee Pollen and Its Supercritical Fluid Extract on Immune Response and Fillet's Quality of Farmed Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060675. [PMID: 35327073 PMCID: PMC8944498 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of the correlation between administered diet, fish health and products’ quality has led to the increase in the research for innovative and functional feed ingredients. Herein, a plant-derived product rich in bioactive compounds, such as honeybee pollen (HBP), was included as raw (HBP) and as Supercritical Fluid Extracted (SFE) pollen (HBP_SFE) in the diet for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The experiment was carried out on 90 fish with an average body weight of 294.7 ± 12.8 g, divided into five groups, according to the administration of five diets for 30 days: control diet (CTR); two diets containing HBP at 5% (P5) and at 10% (P10) level of inclusion; two diets containing HBP_SFE, at 0.5% (E0.5) and at 1% (E1) level of inclusion. Their effects were evaluated on 60 specimens (336.2 ± 11.4 g average final body weight) considering the fish growth, the expression of some hepatic genes involved in the inflammatory response (il-1β, il-6 and il-8) through quantitative real-time PCR, and physico-chemical characterization (namely color, texture, water holding capacity, fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation) of the fish fillets monitored at the beginning (day 0) and after 110 days of storage at −20 °C. The results obtained showed that the treatment with diet E1 determined the up-regulation of il-1β, il-6, and il-8 (p < 0.05); however, this supplementation did not significantly contribute to limiting the oxidative stress. Nevertheless, no detrimental effect on color and the other physical characteristics was observed. These results suggest that a low level of HBP_SFE could be potentially utilized in aquaculture as an immunostimulant more than an antioxidant, but further investigation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Arena
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Adja Cristina Lira de Medeiros
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry-DAGRI, University of Firenze, Via Delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.C.L.d.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry-DAGRI, University of Firenze, Via Delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.C.L.d.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Simone Mancini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (F.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
- Institute of Marine Biology, University Consortium of the Province of Trapani, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry-DAGRI, University of Firenze, Via Delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.C.L.d.M.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2755590
| | - Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (F.B.); (G.P.)
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Šefcová MA, Santacruz F, Larrea-Álvarez CM, Vinueza-Burgos C, Ortega-Paredes D, Molina-Cuasapaz G, Rodríguez J, Calero-Cáceres W, Revajová V, Fernández-Moreira E, Larrea-Álvarez M. Administration of Dietary Microalgae Ameliorates Intestinal Parameters, Improves Body Weight, and Reduces Thawing Loss of Fillets in Broiler Chickens: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3601. [PMID: 34944376 PMCID: PMC8698060 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot investigation aimed at studying the feasibility of using a low dose (0.2%) of dietary microalgae as a means of improving intestinal morphometry, body weight, and selected meat quality parameters in broilers. A total of 72 one-day-old ROSS 308 male chicks were randomly separated into four groups; three experimental pens in which the birds were fed with biomass from Tysochrysis lutea, Tetraselmis chuii, and Porphyridium cruentum over 30 days and a control group. T. chuii and P. cruentum had a positive effect with regard to body weight. In treated animals, duodenal and ileal sections showed characteristic tall and thin villi, with serrated surfaces and goblet cell differentiation. In both sections, values of the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio were increased by microalgae ingestion. The thawing weight loss of fillets was reduced in T. chuii-fed animals. The positive effects exerted by T. chuii and P. cruentum on intestinal architecture were associated with the improved body weight. Arguably, these outcomes exhibit the potential of using these species to enhance growth performance in broiler chickens by promoting gut homeostasis and thus nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Research Unit, Life Science Initiative (LSI), Quito 170102, Ecuador; (M.A.Š.); (C.M.L.-Á.)
| | - Francisco Santacruz
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
| | | | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Molina-Cuasapaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - William Calero-Cáceres
- UTA-RAM-One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180207, Ecuador;
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Esteban Fernández-Moreira
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
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Effect on Intermediary Metabolism and Digestive Parameters of the High Substitution of Fishmeal with Insect Meal in Sparus aurata Feed. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110965. [PMID: 34821766 PMCID: PMC8618839 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor were tested on account of their potential to replace fish protein in feed. Two levels of replacement for H. illucens, 30% and 50% (H30 and H50), and one for T. molitor, 50% (T50), as well as an additional diet with a modified fatty acid fraction (H50M), were investigated in relation to juvenile Sparus aurata growth indices, enzyme activities and gut microbiome. A T50 diet showed similar results to a control (C) diet, with no significant differences regarding morphological indices and minor differences for nutritional indices. Regarding the gut microbiome, H50M was the diet which showed the more similar prokaryotic community to C, which suggests that fatty acid fractions might influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Nevertheless, differences appeared to be related to a redistribution of dominant species, while changes in species affiliation were limited to minoritary species. The positive correlation between some of these minoritary species (Peptostreptococcus russellii, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Weisella confusa) and several fish growth parameters might explain differences between control and insect diets. Deciphering such uncertainty and revealing the potential role these unusual species may play on fish performance should be addressed in future investigations.
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