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Murphy KM, Le SM, Wilson AE, Warner DA. The Microbiome as a Maternal Effect: A Systematic Review on Vertical Transmission of Microbiota. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:597-609. [PMID: 37218690 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an interactive and fluctuating community of microbes that colonize and develop across surfaces, including those associated with organismal hosts. A growing number of studies exploring how microbiomes vary in ecologically relevant contexts have recognized the importance of microbiomes in affecting organismal evolution. Thus, identifying the source and mechanism for microbial colonization in a host will provide insight into adaptation and other evolutionary processes. Vertical transmission of microbiota is hypothesized to be a source of variation in offspring phenotypes with important ecological and evolutionary implications. However, the life-history traits that govern vertical transmission are largely unexplored in the ecological literature. To increase research attention to this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review to address the following questions: (1) How often is vertical transmission assessed as a contributor to offspring microbiome colonization and development? (2) Do studies have the capacity to address how maternal transmission of microbes affects the offspring phenotype? (3) How do studies vary based on taxonomy and life history of the study organism, as well as the experimental, molecular, and statistical methods employed? Extensive literature searches reveal that many studies examining vertical transmission of microbiomes fail to collect whole microbiome samples from both maternal and offspring sources, particularly for oviparous vertebrates. Additionally, studies should sample functional diversity of microbes to provide a better understanding of mechanisms that influence host phenotypes rather than solely taxonomic variation. An ideal microbiome study incorporates host factors, microbe-microbe interactions, and environmental factors. As evolutionary biologists continue to merge microbiome science and ecology, examining vertical transmission of microbes across taxa can provide inferences on causal links between microbiome variation and phenotypic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Samantha M Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Daniel A Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Vigors S, Flores-Villalva S, Meade KG. The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the faecal and oral microbiome of dairy calves indoors or at pasture. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9111. [PMID: 37277407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) is emerging as an immune regulator in addition to its established role in metabolism and mineral homeostasis. This study sought to determine if in vivo VitD modulated the oral and faecal microbiome in Holstein-Friesian dairy calves. The experimental model consisted of two control groups (Ctl-In, Ctl-Out) which were fed with a diet containing 6000 IU/Kg of VitD3 in milk replacer and 2000 IU/Kg in feed, and two treatment groups (VitD-In, VitD-Out) with 10,000 IU/Kg of VitD3 in milk replacer and 4000 IU/Kg in feed. One control and one treatment group were moved outdoors post-weaning at approximately 10 weeks of age. Saliva and faecal samples were collected after 7 months of supplementation and analysis of the microbiome was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity analysis identified that both sampling site (oral vs. faecal) and housing (indoor vs. outdoor) had significant influences on the composition of the microbiome. The calves housed outdoors had greater microbial diversity in the faecal samples based on Observed, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson and Fisher measures in comparison to calves housed indoors (P < 0.05). A significant interaction between housing and treatment was observed for the genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, CF231 and Paludibacter in faecal samples. The genera Oscillospira and Dorea were increased while Clostridium and Blautia were decreased following VitD supplementation in the faecal samples (P < 0.05). An interaction between VitD supplementation and housing was detected in the abundance of the genera Actinobacillus and Streptococcus in the oral samples. VitD supplementation increased the genera Oscillospira, Helcococcus and reduced the genera Actinobacillus, Ruminococcus, Moraxella, Clostridium, Prevotella, Succinivibrio and Parvimonas. These preliminary data suggest that VitD supplementation alters both the oral and faecal microbiome. Further research will now be conducted to establish the significance of microbial alterations for animal health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vigors
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Flores-Villalva
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- CENID Fisiología, INIFAP, Querétaro, México
| | - K G Meade
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Szeligowska N, Cholewińska P, Smoliński J, Wojnarowski K, Pokorny P, Czyż K, Pogoda-Sewerniak K. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cortisol levels vs. microbiology of the digestive system of sheep during lambing. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:107. [PMID: 35303874 PMCID: PMC8932050 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During parturition, animals exhibit variation in hormone levels, homeostasis disturbance and dysfunction of the immune system as a result of stress. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is responsible for the occurrence of oxidative stress in the cells. Cortisol is known as the stress hormone, but it is also involved in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and metabolism processes led by adipose tissue. The aim of the this study was to determine how the levels of GST and cortisol change depending on the parity. Additionally, the influence of lambing on the microbiological composition of the digestive system and placenta in Olkuska sheep was investigated. Methods Eighteen ewes were selected for the experiment - primiparas (n = 9) and multiparas (n = 9), they were kept in the same environmental conditions, had the same diet and did not show any disease symptoms. Fecal samples were collected individually from each ewe (n = 18) and then bacterial DNA isolation was made, then qPCR analysis for Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria phyla and Lactobacillaceae family bacteria levels was performed. These samples were also used to analyze cortisol levels by ELISA test. In addition, placenta fragments were collected during delivery, and then the GST level from the tissue was tested. Results The analysis of the results showed a higher level of cortisol in primiparous sheep than in multiparous ones, as in the case of glutathione transferase. There were differences between both studied groups in the microbiological composition of the digestive system. In primiparous sheep, the levels of the tested microorganisms were significantly lower than in multiparous ones. A similar relationship occurred in the study of the placental microbiome. Conclusion The results show that sheep microbiome, cortisol and GST levels are different in primiparas and multiparas. The study conducted may constitute an introduction to further analyzes that would help positively affect the welfare and homeostasis of the female organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szeligowska
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Enviromental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paulina Cholewińska
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Enviromental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Smoliński
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Enviromental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Konrad Wojnarowski
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Przemysław Pokorny
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Enviromental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czyż
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Enviromental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pogoda-Sewerniak
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Enviromental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38E, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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Wang S, Chai J, Zhao G, Zhang N, Cui K, Bi Y, Ma T, Tu Y, Diao Q. The Temporal Dynamics of Rumen Microbiota in Early Weaned Lambs. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010144. [PMID: 35056593 PMCID: PMC8779368 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown compared to conventionally weaned lambs. In this study, one group was reared with their dams (control, CON) and conventionally weaned at 49 days (d), while the other lambs were weaned at 21 d (early weaning, EW) using starter. Rumen microbial samples collected at 26, 35, and 63 d were used for next-generation sequencing. Here, we found that the abundance and diversity of rumen microbiota in EW were significantly lower at 26 and 35 d than the CON. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to identify the signature microbiota for EW at these three ages. At 26 d, Prevotella 7, Syntrophococcus, Sharpea, Dialister, Pseudoscardovia, and Megasphaera in the rumen of the EW group had greater relative abundances. At 35 d, the Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group was enriched in CON. On 63 d, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002 was abundant in EW. Syntrophococcus and Megaspheaera in EW lambs were abundant at 26 and 35 d, but kept similar to CON at 63 d. The relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002 at all-time points was consistently higher in the EW group. In conclusion, early weaning led to a significant decrease in rumen microbiota richness and diversity in the short term. The changes in rumen microbiota are associated with the persistence of weaning stress. The temporal dynamics of relative abundances of Syntrophococcus, Megasphaera, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 reflect the weaning stress over a short period and rumen recovery after early weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Jianmin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Guohong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-8210-6055
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