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Mota-Rojas D, Whittaker AL, Strappini AC, Orihuela A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Mora-Medina P, Álvarez-Macías A, Hernández-Avalos I, Olmos-Hernández A, Reyes-Sotelo B, Grandin T. Human animal relationships in Bos indicus cattle breeds addressed from a Five Domains welfare framework. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1456120. [PMID: 39290508 PMCID: PMC11405345 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1456120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review has two objectives, the first is to investigate the differences in temperament between Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds and determining the effects on production due to positive treatment and to compare this with negative HAR, by using the Five Domain Model as framework. The second objective is to discuss potential strategies to achieve better HAR when working with Bos indicus cattle. Bos indicus are more reactive and temperamental than Bos taurus cattle. When human animal relationships (HAR) are evaluated, Bos indicus cattle may react with greater intensity. They may be more likely to develop a negative emotional state, especially in extensively raised Bos indicus cattle that are handled only a few times each year. Bos indicus cattle can have positive emotional states when they have frequent positive interactions with people. Interactions with people, both positive and negative, would be in the fourth Domain of the Five Domains model. Cattle that are more reactive during handling may also have lower weight gain, even when they have abundant feed. This would be in the first Domain of Nutrition. When cattle are handled in races and corrals, injuries may be more likely to occur. Injuries and bruises would be in the third Domain of Health. Injuries could be caused by either poor handling practices by people or poor handling facilities. Yelling or electric prod use would be examples of poor HAR. Second Environmental Domain issues may be broken facilities or slick, slippery floors that are associated with falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexandra L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Ana C Strappini
- Animal Health & Welfare, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Agustín Orihuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mora-Medina
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Álvarez-Macías
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Avalos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Reyes-Sotelo
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Temple Grandin
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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da Silva WC, da Silva JAR, Martorano LG, da Silva ÉBR, Belo TS, Neves KAL, Camargo Júnior RNC, de Araújo CV, Vilela LGP, Joaquim LA, de Carvalho Rodrigues TCG, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Characterization of the Temperament and Reactivity of Nelore Cattle ( Bos indicus) Associated with Behavior Scores during Corral Management in the Humid Tropics. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1769. [PMID: 38929388 PMCID: PMC11200586 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the reactivity and distress of cattle during corral management, by means of subjective scores, aims at the standardization of behavioral indicators, through non-invasive methods, in addition to enabling the development of more appropriate management practices, thus promoting the comfort and well-being of these animals. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize the temperament and distress of cattle managed in a corral using behavioral indicators during the rainiest period. For this, the experiment was conducted on a property located in the municipality of Mojuí dos Campos, during the rainiest quarter (February-April). Thus, 30 male cattle, not castrated, approximately 29 months of age, clinically healthy, and weighing 310 + 20 kg, were divided into three rearing systems: silvopastoral (SP), traditional (SS), and integrated (SI) systems. There were 10 animals per system. Physiological parameters were collected to evaluate rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR), as well as body surface temperature (BST), through thermal windows (head and flank infrared temperature and rump infrared temperature). To evaluate temperament and reactivity, scores indicative of corral behavior were used, namely escape speed (ES), tension score (SS_1), tension score (SS_2), reactivity scale (RS), movement score (MS), and temperament scale (TS). The results showed that there was a thermal amplitude of 5.9 °C on average and 8.6 °C at maximum when comparing the structure of the corral and the trees. In addition, the comparisons between the production systems for the behavioral variables did not differ at the 5% significance level, except for ES, where the traditional system differed from the integrated system and the silvopastoral system, showing intermediate average values for both. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the variables RT and RR (r = 0.72; p < 0.01), RR and SS_2 (r = 0.38; p = 0.04), flank infrared temperature and MS (r = 0.47; p = 0.01), rump infrared temperature and RS (r = 0.37; p = 0.04), SS_1 and RS (r = 0.41; p = 0.02), SS_1 and SS_2 (r = 0.39; p = 0.03), RS and SS_2 (r = 0.58; p = 0.00), RS and MS (r = 0.50; p = 0.01), RS and TS (r = 0.61; p = 0.00), SS_2 and MS (r = 0.51; p = 0.00), SS_2 and TS (r = 0.47; p = 0.01), and MS and TS (r = 0.44; p = 0.02), and a negative correlation between ES and TS (r = -0.42; p = 0.02). The rainy season had a major influence on the evaluation of temperature and distress levels during handling in the corral, as evidenced by the association between physiological and behavioral parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | | | | | - Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - Tatiane Silva Belo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, Brazil;
| | - Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves
- Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, Brazil;
| | - Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - Cláudio Vieira de Araújo
- Institute of Animal Science, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, Brazil;
| | | | - Leonel António Joaquim
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
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Mercadante VRG, Lamb GC. Implementing Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Programs in Beef Herds. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024; 40:141-156. [PMID: 37684109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The article discusses the importance of reproductive biotechnologies, including artificial insemination and fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI), in beef cow-calf operations. The use of TAI improves cow-calf productivity and profitability by shortening the breeding season and increasing the number of calves born earlier, resulting in heavier calves at weaning. However, adoption of TAI by beef producers in the United States has been slow compared with the dairy industry and internationally, such as Brazil. Current TAI protocols are effective in synchronizing ovulation and yield consistent pregnancy results. Factors affecting the success of TAI include cow/heifer factors, sire, nutritional status, and cattle temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor R G Mercadante
- School of Animal Sciences, CALS and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, VAMD-CVM at Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Graham Cliff Lamb
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Vaz RZ, Mendonça FS, Bethancourt-Garcia JA, Vaz FN, Pascoal LL, Dutra MMM, da Silva HR, Restle J. Probability and number of bruises in bovine carcasses according to animal type, handling and transport. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1195-1205. [PMID: 36596903 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-slaughter risk factors on the probability of bruising and the number of bruises in different regions of the bovine carcass. The study evaluated the data from 4061 batches of slaughtered cattle, totalling 199,026 carcasses, from Hereford and Aberdeen Angus animals in crosses with continental European breeds and Zebu cattle. The factors that caused injury were sex, handling conditions (score), vehicle type, vehicle load density (kg/m2), travel time (minutes), travel distance (kilometres), physiological maturity (dentition), animal reactivity (score), and carcass fat (score). The type of vehicle had the greatest influence on the probability of carcass bruising and affected all carcass cuts. More bruising occurred in vehicles with a greater load capacity. A higher chance of bruising was seen in groups of older animals, those with an excitable temperament and, especially, in groups of females. Higher load densities during transport resulted in a greater chance of bruising occurring in all cuts except the hindquarters. Distance and travel time are unstable in the models, but also detrimental, increasing the probability of bruising and the number of bruises in the various cuts. The results of this study suggest that good practices in the welfare, handling and transport of the animals, as well as training the personnel responsible for their handling, should be adopted to minimise the risk of injury at different locations on the carcass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Z Vaz
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Palmeira das Missões, Palmeira das Missões, CEP 96010-900, 98300-000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fábio S Mendonça
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, s/n, Capão do Leão, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano N Vaz
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, nº1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonir L Pascoal
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, nº1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maryelen M M Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, nº1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Hítalo R da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Palmeira das Missões, Palmeira das Missões, CEP 96010-900, 98300-000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Restle
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, University Campus, Rodovia Goiânia, km 8, s/n, Campus Samambaia, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Jaśkowski JM, Jaśkowski BM, Herudzińska M, Tul O, Ciorga M. Contemporary Knowledge on the Assessment of Temperament in Cattle and Its Impact on Production and Reproduction Including Some Immunological, Genetic and Metabolic Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1944. [PMID: 37370453 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperament is associated with the well-being, health, production and reproduction of cattle. In order to increase the population of individuals with the desired temperament, its evaluation should be standardized and be made one of the obligatory elements of breeding and veterinary examination. A number of different tests are used for temperament assessment. In this article, the importance of temperament correlation with some metabolic, genetic, immunological, production and reproductive parameters have been shown, pointing at its influence on the economy and cattle handling. The most common methods for assessing the temperament of cattle are presented, including long-time scales of temperament assessment. At the same time, the relationship of the temperament of cattle with production efficiency, immunity and reproductive indicators has been shown, indicating that its correct assessment is an important aspect of the proper development of the herd and the associated economic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej M Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej M Jaśkowski
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Herudzińska
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Oleksandra Tul
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Poltava State Agrarian University, 36003 Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Marcin Ciorga
- Department of Public Health Protection and Animal Welfare, Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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