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Ali M, Joseph M, Alfaro-Wisaquillo MC, Quintana-Ospina GA, Patiño D, Vu T, Dean LL, Fallen B, Mian R, Taliercio E, Toomer O, Oviedo-Rondón EO. Effects of high oleic full-fat soybean meal on broiler live performance, carcass and parts yield, and fatty acid composition of breast fillets. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103399. [PMID: 38281331 PMCID: PMC10840106 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of high oleic oil full-fat (HO-FF) soybean meal (SBM) on broiler meat quality could lead to value-added food products. This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary normal oleic extruded expelled (NO-EE), normal oleic full-fat (NO-FF), or HO-FF SBM on live performance, carcass and parts yield, and breast fatty acid composition. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. A total of 540 Ross-708 male broilers were raised on floor pens with 18 broilers/pen and 10 replicates/treatment. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. Chickens were fed with a starter (0-14 d), grower (15-35 d), or a finisher diet (36-47 d) up to 47 d. Chickens were weighed at 7, 14, 35, and 47 d. At 48 d, 4 broilers per pen were processed. Breast samples were collected and evaluated for quality and fatty acid content. Broilers fed diets with NO-EE were heavier (P < 0.05) than chickens fed diets with full-fat SBM (NO-FF and HO-FF) at d 7, 14, 35 while feed conversion ratio (FCR) of NO-EE was best (P < 0.05) at 7 and 47 d. Carcass yield was also higher for broilers fed NO-EE than the other treatments. Diet did not affect parts yield, breast meat color, cooking, drip loss, white stripping, or SM quality parameters. More breast fillets without wooden breast (score 1) were observed (P < 0.05) for NO-FF than the other 2 treatments. The breast meat fatty acid profile (g fatty acid/100 g of all fatty acids) was significantly affected (P < 0.001) by diet. Broilers fed the HO-FF SBM diet had 54 to 86% more oleic acid, 72.5% to 2.2 times less linoleic acid, and reduced stearic and palmitic acid levels in the breast meat than NO-FF and NO-EE. In conclusion, feeding HO-FF to broilers enriched the oleic acid content of their breast meat while reducing the saturated fatty acid content relative to the NO-FF and NO-EE treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael Joseph
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | | | - Danny Patiño
- Trouw Nutrition-Latin America, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Thien Vu
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lisa L Dean
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ben Fallen
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rouf Mian
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Earl Taliercio
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ondulla Toomer
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Wang Y, Ma X, Li G, Sun M, Xu S, Lin Y, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Che L, Wu D. Effects of feeding levels on ileal amino acid digestibility of extruded full fat soybeans in nongestating sows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad052. [PMID: 36807524 PMCID: PMC10681036 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of feeding levels on amino acid (AA) digestibility of extruded full fat soybeans (EFSB) fed to nongestating sows and to provide a reference for setting feed intake level when evaluating the quality of nutrients in the feed ingested by sows. Twelve nongestating sows (parity 3 to 5) were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. After recovery, sows were assigned to a replicated 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design using two diets (nitrogen-free and EFSB) and three levels of feed intake (1.3, 2.0, and 3.4 times the maintenance requirement for metabolizable energy (ME)). The design included six dietary treatments and three periods, and each period contained two replicates for a total of six replicate sows per treatment. All diets contained 0.3% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. In each period, ileal digesta samples were collected continuously for 12 h on days 6 and 7 after 5 d of acclimation to the experimental diet. Results of the experiment indicated that different feeding levels (1.3, 2.0, and 3.4 times the maintenance requirement for ME) had no effects on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA, but feeding level did affect the endogenous AA loss estimated using the nitrogen-free diet method. Endogenous phenylalanine excretion was greater with 1.3 times than with 3.4 times the maintenance requirement for ME (P = 0.03), and endogenous tyrosine excretion was greater with 1.3 and 2.0 times than with 3.4 times the maintenance requirement for ME (P = 0.01). Increasing feed consumption resulted in greater loss of total endogenous AAs and crude protein (CP). In conclusion, feeding levels of 1.3 to 3.4 times the maintenance requirement for ME did not affect the AID and SID of AA of EFSB fed to nongestating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Tavaniello S, Fatica A, Palazzo M, Zejnelhoxha S, Wu M, Marco LD, Salimei E, Maiorano G. Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Medium-Growing Broiler Chickens Fed Soybean or Pea Bean and Raised under Semi-Intensive Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202849. [PMID: 36290235 PMCID: PMC9597835 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the total replacement of flaked soybean (Glycine max L., SOY) with raw pea (Pisum sativum L., PEA) on the carcass and meat quality traits of two medium-growing broiler strains (Kabir Rosso Plus, KB; New Red, NR). Birds were housed in 20 pens (five replications/groups, six birds each). At 83 days of age, 40 birds (2/replication) were slaughtered and the pectoral muscle (PM) was removed for analyses. Diet did not affect slaughter weight, carcass traits and meat quality. A pea diet determined a significant increase of MUFA and a decrease of PUFA, n-3 and n-6 PUFA; hence, the pea-fed group had a lower PUFA/SFA and a higher n-6/n-3 ratios compared to the soy-fed. NR chickens were heavier, with higher carcass and cut weights (p < 0.01) compared to KB chickens. Interactions (p < 0.05) between factors were found for PM weight and yield. Meat from NR had a higher (p < 0.05) pH. Fatty acids were slightly affected by genotype. Replacing soybean with pea adversely affects meat fatty acid composition in terms of nutritional profile.
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W. Insects in Pet Food Industry-Hope or Threat? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1515. [PMID: 35739851 PMCID: PMC9219536 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing global population, the world cannot currently support the well-known techniques of food production due to their harmful effects on land use, water consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. The key answer is a solution based on the use of edible insects. They have always been present in the diet of animals. They are characterized by a very good nutritional value (e.g., high protein content and contents of essential amino acids and fatty acids, including lauric acid), and products with them receive positive results in palatability tests. Despite the existing literature data on the benefits of the use of insects as a protein source, their acceptance by consumers and animal caregivers remains problematic. In spite of the many advantages of using insects in pet food, it is necessary to analyze the risk of adverse food reactions, including allergic reactions that may be caused by insect consumption. Other hazards relate to the contamination of insects. For example, they can be contaminated with anthropogenic factors during breeding, packaging, cooking, or feeding. These contaminants include the presence of bacteria, mold fungi, mycotoxins, and heavy metals. However, insects can be used in the pet food industry. This is supported by the evolutionary adaptation of their wild ancestors to the eating of insects in the natural environment. The chemical composition of insects also corresponds to the nutritional requirements of dogs. It should be borne in mind that diets containing insect and their effects on animals require careful analysis. The aim of this article is to discuss the nutritional value of insects and their possible applications in the nutrition of companion animals, especially dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
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