|
1
|
Wang Y, Wang M, He X, Dong R, Liu H, Yu G. Detection and Analysis of Genes Affecting the Number of Thoracic Vertebrae in Licha Black Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:477. [PMID: 38674411 PMCID: PMC11050242 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of thoracic vertebrae (NTV) in pigs is an important economic trait that significantly influences pork production. While the Licha black pig is a well-known Chinese pig breed with multiple thoracic vertebrae, the genetic mechanism is still unknown. Here, we performed a selective signal analysis on the genome of Licha black pigs, comparing individuals with 15 NTV versus those with 16 NTV to better understand functional genes associated with NTV. A total of 2265 selection signal regions were detected across the genome, including 527 genes and 1073 QTL that overlapped with the selection signal regions. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LRP5 and SP5 genes were involved in biological processes such as bone morphogenesis and Wnt protein binding. Furthermore, three genes, LRP8, DEF6, and SCUBE3, associated with osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, were located within or close to the QTL related to bone development and vertebrae number. These five genes were hypothesized to be potential candidates for regulating the NTV trait in Licha black pigs. Our findings revealed several candidate genes that play crucial roles in NTV regulation and provide a theoretical foundation to understand the genetic mechanism of the NTV trait in pig breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Xiaojin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Ruilan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiaozhou, Jiaozhou 266300, China;
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Wei Z, Zhang M, Wang S, Gao T, Huang H, Zhang T, Cai H, Liu X, Fu T, Liang D. Population Structure and Selection Signal Analysis of Nanyang Cattle Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Data. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:351. [PMID: 38540410 PMCID: PMC10970060 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With a rich breeding history, Nanyang cattle (NY cattle) have undergone extensive natural and artificial selection, resulting in distinctive traits such as high fertility, excellent meat quality, and disease resistance. This makes them an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of environmental adaptability. To assess the population structure and genetic diversity of NY cattle, we performed whole-genome resequencing on 30 individuals. These data were then compared with published whole-genome resequencing data from 432 cattle globally. The results indicate that the genetic structure of NY cattle is significantly different from European commercial breeds and is more similar to North-Central Chinese breeds. Furthermore, among all breeds, NY cattle exhibit the highest genetic diversity and the lowest population inbreeding levels. A genome-wide selection signal analysis of NY cattle and European commercial breeds using Fst, θπ-ratio, and θπ methods revealed significant selection signals in genes associated with reproductive performance and immunity. Our functional annotation analysis suggests that these genes may be responsible for reproduction (MAP2K2, PGR, and GSE1), immune response (NCOA2, HSF1, and PAX5), and olfaction (TAS1R3). We provide a comprehensive overview of sequence variations in the NY cattle genome, revealing insights into the population structure and genetic diversity of NY cattle. Additionally, we identify candidate genes associated with important economic traits, offering valuable references for future conservation and breeding efforts of NY cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Zhitong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Shiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Hetian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Tianliu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Hanfang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Xian Liu
- Henan Animal Husbandry Station, Zhengzhou 450008, China;
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (T.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Hu Z, Su Y, Zong W, Niu N, Zhao R, Liang R, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Unveiling the Genetic Secrets of Chinese Indigenous Pigs from Guizhou Province: Diversity, Evolution and Candidate Genes Affecting Pig Coat Color. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:699. [PMID: 38473084 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The local pig breeds in Guizhou possess exceptional meat quality, robust adaptability, and resilience to harsh feeding conditions, making them ideal for producing high-quality pork. With over 10 local pig breeds in the region, we focused on 7 specific breeds: Baixi pigs (BX), Congjiang Xiang pigs (CJX), Guanling pigs (GL), Jianhe White Xiang pigs (JHBX), Jiangkou Luobo pigs (JKLB), Kele pigs (KL), and Qiandong Hua pigs (QDH). Unfortunately, these breeds face threats such as introduced species and inbreeding, resulting in a decline in population size and numbers. To better protect and utilize these breeds, we employed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to investigate the population structure, genetic diversity, and selection characteristics of 283 pigs across these seven breeds. Our findings revealed distinct ancestral sources between Chinese and Western pig breeds, as demonstrated by principal component analysis, adjacent tree analysis, and ADMIXTURE analysis. Notably, JHBX exhibited a distant genetic relationship from the other six local pig breeds in Guizhou province, showcasing unique genetic characteristics. While the genetic diversity of the six Chinese native pig populations, excluding JHBX, was generally moderate in Guizhou province, the JHBX population displayed low genetic diversity. Therefore, it is imperative to intensify selection efforts to prevent inbreeding decline in JHBX while further enhancing the protection measures for the other six pig populations. Additionally, we identified candidate genes influencing the size disparity among pigs in Guizhou province through signal selection. Our study outcomes serve as a reference for developing effective conservation and utilization plans for pig breeds in Guizhou province and deepen our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying pig body size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wencheng Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Naiqi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiping Liang
- Beijing Changping District Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Wang Z, Zhong Z, Xie X, Wang F, Pan D, Wang Q, Pan Y, Xiao Q, Tan Z. Detection of Runs of Homozygosity and Identification of Candidate Genes in the Whole Genome of Tunchang Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38254370 PMCID: PMC10812771 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tunchang pigs are an indigenous pig population in China known for their high tolerance to roughage, delicious meat, and fecundity. However, the number of Tunchang pigs has been declining due to the influence of commercial breeds and African swine fever, which could potentially lead to inbreeding. To assess the inbreeding level and the genetic basis of important traits in Tunchang pigs, our research investigated the patterns in "runs of homozygosity" (ROHs) using whole genome resequencing data from 32 Tunchang pigs. The study aimed to determine the length, number, coverage, and distribution model of ROHs in Tunchang pigs, as well as genomic regions with high ROH frequencies. The results of the study revealed that a total of 20,499,374 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1953 ROH fragments were recognized in 32 individuals. The ROH fragments in Tunchang pigs were predominantly short, ranging from 0.5 to 1 megabases (Mb) in length. Furthermore, the coverage of ROHs varied across chromosomes, with chromosome 3 having the highest coverage and chromosome 11 having the lowest coverage. The genetic diversity of Tunchang pigs was found to be relatively high based on the values of HE (expected heterozygosity), HO (observed heterozygosity), pi (nucleotide diversity), Ne (effective population size), and MAF (minor allele frequency). The average inbreeding coefficients of Tunchang pigs, as determined by three different methods (FHOM, FGRM, and FROH), were 0.019, 0.0138, and 0.0304, respectively. These values indicate that the level of inbreeding in Tunchang pigs is currently low. Additionally, the study identified a total of 13 ROH islands on all chromosomes, which in total contained 38,913 SNPs and 120 genes. These ROH islands included genes associated with economically important traits, including meat quality (GYS1, PHLPP1, SLC27A5, and CRTC1), growth and development (ANKS1A, TAF11, SPDEF, LHB, and PACSIN1), and environmental adaptation (SLC26A7). The findings of this research offer valuable perspectives on the present status of Tunchang pig resources and offer a reference for breeding conservation plans and the efficient utilization of Tunchang pigs in the future. By understanding the inbreeding level and genetic basis of important traits in Tunchang pigs, conservation efforts can be targeted towards maintaining genetic diversity and promoting the sustainable development of this indigenous pig population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.W.)
| | - Ziqi Zhong
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.W.)
| | - Xinfeng Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.W.)
| | - Feifan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.W.)
| | - Deyou Pan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.W.)
| | - Qishan Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yongyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchun Pan
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yongyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.W.)
| | - Zhen Tan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Yan Z, Song K, Wang P, Gun S, Long X. Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Four Native Pig Populations in Gansu Province. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17154. [PMID: 38138983 PMCID: PMC10743271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous pig populations, including Bamei pigs (BM), Hezuo pigs (HZ), Huixian Qingni Black pigs (HX), and Minxian Black pigs (MX) in Gansu Province, live in a particular climate and a relatively closed geographical environment. These local pig breeds are characterized by excellent characteristics (e.g., cold tolerance, robust disease resistance, and superior meat quality). In the past few years, pig populations in Gansu Province have decreased significantly because of their poor lean meat percentage, high fat content, and slow growth rate. Maintaining the diversity of these four breeds can act as a source of new alleles to be incorporated into commercial breeds which are more susceptible to disease and less adaptable to changing conditions because of inbreeding. Genomic data analysis is adequate for determining the genetic diversity and livestock breeding population structure, even in local pig populations. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of the four native pig populations in Gansu Province are still unknown. Thus, we used "Zhongxin-I" porcine chip for the SNP detection of 102 individuals living on four pig conservation farms. A total of 57,466 SNPs were identified among the four pig breeds. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) plot showed that MX had the highest level of LD, followed by BM, HZ, and HX. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) in all four populations was higher than the expected heterozygosity (He). A principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the four local pig populations were isolated. The identity displayed by the state matrix and G matrix heat map results indicated that small numbers of individuals among the four pig breeds had a high genetic distance and weak genetic relationships. The results of the population genetic structure of BM, HZ, HX, and MX pigs showed a slight genetic diversity loss. Our findings enabled us to better understand the genome characteristics of these four indigenous pig populations, which will provide novel insights for the future germplasm conservation and utilization of these indigenous pig populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Y.); (K.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Kelin Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Y.); (K.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Y.); (K.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Y.); (K.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Xi Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Xie Q, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Sun J, Li M, Wang Q, Pan Y. Integration of Selection Signatures and Protein Interactions Reveals NR6A1, PAPPA2, and PIK3C2B as the Promising Candidate Genes Underlying the Characteristics of Licha Black Pig. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040500. [PMID: 37106701 PMCID: PMC10135650 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Licha black (LI) pig has the specific characteristics of larger body length and appropriate fat deposition among Chinese indigenous pigs. Body length is one of the external traits that affect production performance, and fat deposition influences meat quality. However, the genetic characteristics of LI pigs have not yet been systematically uncovered. Here, the genomic information from 891 individuals of LI pigs, commercial pigs, and other Chinese indigenous pigs was used to analyze the breed characteristics of the LI pig with runs of homozygosity, haplotype, and FST selection signatures. The results showed the growth traits-related genes (i.e., NR6A1 and PAPPA2) and the fatness traits-related gene (i.e., PIK3C2B) were the promising candidate genes that closely related to the characteristics of LI pigs. In addition, the protein–protein interaction network revealed the potential interactions between the promising candidate genes and the FASN gene. The RNA expression data from FarmGTEx indicated that the RNA expression levels of NR6A1, PAPPA2, PIK3C2B, and FASN were highly correlated in the ileum. This study provides valuable molecular insights into the mechanisms that affect pig body length and fat deposition, which can be used in the further breeding process to improve meat quality and commercial profitability.
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Population Structure and Genetic Diversity Analysis of “Yufen 1” H Line Chickens Using Whole-Genome Resequencing. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030793. [PMID: 36983948 PMCID: PMC10059704 DOI: 10.3390/life13030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective protection and utilization of poultry resources depend on an accurate understanding of the genetic diversity and population structure. The breeding of the specialized poultry lineage “Yufen 1”, with its defined characteristics, was approved by the China Poultry Genetic Resource Committee in 2015. Thus, to investigate the relationship between the progenitor H line and other poultry breeds, the genetic diversity and population structure of “Yufen 1” H line (YF) were investigated and compared with those of 2 commercial chicken breeds, the ancestor breed Red Jungle Fowls, and 11 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds based on a whole-genome resequencing approach using 8,112,424 SNPs. The genetic diversity of YF was low, and the rate of linkage disequilibrium decay was significantly slower than that of the other Chinese indigenous breeds. In addition, it was shown that the YF population was strongly selected during intensive breeding and that genetic resources have been seriously threatened, which highlights the need to establish a systematic conservation strategy as well as utilization techniques to maintain genetic diversity within YF. Moreover, a principal component analysis, a neighbor-joining tree analysis, a structure analysis, and genetic differentiation indices indicated that YF harbors a distinctive genetic resource with a unique genetic structure separate from that of Chinese indigenous breeds at the genome level. The findings provide a valuable resource and the theoretical basis for the further conservation and utilization of YF.
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Analysis of Family Structure and Paternity Test of Tan Sheep in Yanchi Area, China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223099. [PMID: 36428327 PMCID: PMC9686711 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tan sheep is a special breed of locally protected sheep in China, one of the best quality meat sheep in the world. Due to the unclear pedigree of the rams on the Ningxia Tan sheep breeding farm, we investigated 74 rams in the field and explored a new method for family division. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of breeding rams. Using Plink software, GCTA tools and R language, we analyzed the genetic structure, kinship, and inbreeding coefficient of the breeding sheep, which revealed the genetic relationship between the individuals. The results showed that there was no obvious clustering phenomenon in the PCA, and the genetic background of the samples was similar. The G matrix and IBS distance matrix indicated that most individuals were far away from each other. Paternity testing identified 24 pairs of unknown parent-child pairs, and all the Tan sheep could be divided into 12 families, which provided a reference for sheep breeding. The average inbreeding coefficient based on the ROH of this population was 0.049, so there was a low degree of inbreeding and the rams in the field were able to maintain high genetic diversity. Overall, we explored a more accurate method through paternity and kinship analysis; it provides a scientific basis for pedigree construction, which has an important application value for Tan sheep breeding.
Collapse
|