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Polo-Paredes G, Soler M, Gil F, Laredo FG, Agut A, Carrillo-Flores S, Belda E. Description and Evaluation of Dye and Contrast Media Distribution of Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Cat Cadavers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1743. [PMID: 38929362 PMCID: PMC11200878 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The rectus sheath block is an ultrasound-guided anaesthetic technique which aims to provide analgesia to the abdominal midline. This study aimed to assess the distribution of 0.4 mL kg-1 of a mixture of methylene blue and iopromide injected into each hemiabdomen in the internal rectus sheath in cat cadavers. We hypothesise that this technique would be feasible and would cover the rami ventrales of the last thoracic and the first lumbar spinal nerves. The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 aimed to study the anatomical structures of the ventral abdominal wall (four cats were dissected). Phase 2 (ten cadavers) consisted of an ultrasound-guided injection of the mixture mentioned above and the assessment of its distribution by computed tomography and anatomical dissection. The results showed the staining of the cranioventral abdominal wall with a craniocaudal spread of four (three to eight) vertebral bodies. Methylene blue stained three (one to four) rami ventrales, affecting T10 (60%), T11 (100%), T12 (90%), T13 (50%) and L1 (5%). Based on these results, it could be stated that this technique could supply anaesthesia to the midline of the abdominal midline cranial to the umbilicus in clinical patients, but it may not be able to provide anaesthesia to the middle and caudal midline abdominal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Polo-Paredes
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.P.-P.); (M.S.); (F.G.L.); (A.A.)
- Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad de Murcia, Programa en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Soler
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.P.-P.); (M.S.); (F.G.L.); (A.A.)
- Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Gil
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco G. Laredo
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.P.-P.); (M.S.); (F.G.L.); (A.A.)
- Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Amalia Agut
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.P.-P.); (M.S.); (F.G.L.); (A.A.)
- Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | | | - Eliseo Belda
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.P.-P.); (M.S.); (F.G.L.); (A.A.)
- Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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Paolini A, Santoro F, Bianchi A, Collivignarelli F, Vignoli M, Scialanca S, Parrillo S, Falerno I, De Bonis A, Rosto M, Tamburro R. Use of Transversus Abdominis Plane and Intercostal Blocks in Bitches Undergoing Laparoscopic Ovariectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Vet Sci 2022; 9:604. [PMID: 36356081 PMCID: PMC9694432 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans and dogs, loco-regional anesthesia is associated with lower peri-operative opioid consumption and less related side effects. The combination of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) and intercostal blocks can be used to desensitize the entire abdominal wall in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TAP and intercostal blocks in bitches undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy. Twenty client-owned bitches were enrolled in this double-blinded randomized controlled trial. After premedication with dexmedetomidine, methadone and ketamine, the animals were randomized into two groups. Dogs in the TAP group received intercostal blocks from T8 to T10 and a TAP block with ropivacaine. Dogs in the FEN group received a fentanyl bolus and a constant rate infusion for the entire duration of the procedure. Intra-operative cardiovascular stability, post-operative pain scores, rescue opioid requirement, dysphoria during recovery, time to attain sternal recumbency and interest in food at 6 h post-extubation were compared. Bitches in the TAP group received a statistically significant lower amount of rescue fentanyl intra-operatively and methadone post-operatively. Pain scores were lower in the TAP group until 6 h post-extubation. No difference was found for dysphoric recoveries, time to attain sternal recumbency and appetite at 6 h post-extubation. No adverse event was recorded for any of the dogs. The combination of TAP and intercostal blocks can be part of an effective multi-modal analgesic strategy in bitches undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paolini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Amanda Bianchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Vignoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Silvia Scialanca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Parrillo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Falerno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea De Bonis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Martina Rosto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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