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Majchrakova Z, Bielikova M, Hrckova Turnova E, Gasparkova P, Turna J, Dudas A. Fast and Simple Molecular Test for Sex Determination of the Monomorphic Eudromia elegans Individuals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1719. [PMID: 38929338 PMCID: PMC11200911 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex determination based just on morphological traits such as plumage dichromatism, sexual size dimorphism, behavior, or vocalizations is really challenging because of the sexual monomorphism present in more than half of avian species. Currently, a lot of them can be tested through DNA-based procedures, but they do not fit all the avian species, such as Eudromia elegans. The aim of this study was to design a new molecular method suitable for routine sex determination for that species that is fast, simple, and cost- and time- effective. DNA was isolated from dry blood stain and/or chest feather samples of E. elegans species. We used two sets of sex-specific primers (ZF/ZR and WF/WR) to amplify the expected fragments localized on the highly conserved CHD1 gene to distinguish between sexes due to the W-specific DNA sequence present only in females. We confirmed the accuracy and consistency of the PCR-based method based on length differences to distinguish between the sexes of E. elegans, which amplified two fragments in females and one fragment in males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Bielikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (J.T.)
| | | | - Petra Gasparkova
- Slovgen Ltd., Ilkovicova 8, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Jan Turna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (J.T.)
- Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovicova 8, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Andrej Dudas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (J.T.)
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Qi S, Xu X, Liu L, Wang G, Bao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhao W, Chen G. The development rule of feathers and application of hair root tissue in sex identification of Yangzhou geese. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103529. [PMID: 38350388 PMCID: PMC10875616 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate gender identification is crucial for the study of bird reproduction and evolution. The current study aimed to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of a noninvasive method for gender identification in Yangzhou geese. In this experiment, 600 goose eggs were collected. Hair root tissues were used for PCR amplification, molecular sequencing, and anal inversion for early sex recognition in goslings. According to the DNA amplification results for the feather pulp tissue of 2-wk-old geese, bands appeared at 436 bp (CHD1-Z) and 330 bp (CHD1-W) upon gel electrophoresis. This method considered the base of goose feathers to accelerate the process of gender recognition. By examining the sex of anatomized poultry for verification, the accuracy rate of PCR gel electrophoresis and molecular sequencing sex identification was 100%, whereas the average accuracy rate of anal inversion was 97.41%. In the comparison of feather growth trends at 0 to 18 wk of age, the feather root weight (FRW), feather root length (FRL), feather branch length (FBL), and feather shaft diameter (FSD) of Yangzhou goose of the same age were not significantly different between males and females (P > 0.05). At 6 wk of age, the FRW, FRL, and FSD in males and FRL in females increased rapidly; their growth increased by 84.43, 67.58, 45.10, and 69.42%, respectively. At 10 wk of age, the male FRL, male FBL, and female FBL increased by 37.31, 34.81, and 21.72, respectively. The Boltzmann model was found to be the best-fitting model for the feathers of male Yangzhou geese. Early sex identification based on feather growth trends between the sexes is not feasible. This study provides a convenient and reliable technical means for early sex identification of waterfowl and serves as an ecological strategy for protecting the reproduction of poultry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Guoyao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
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