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Stefanova EP, Paz-Sánchez Y, Quesada-Canales Ó, Quintana-Montesdeoca MDP, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Ramírez AS, Fernández A, Andrada M. Caprine Paratuberculosis Seroprevalence and Immune Response to Anti- Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Vaccination on the Canary Islands, Spain. Vet Sci 2024; 11:388. [PMID: 39330767 PMCID: PMC11435619 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11090388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic disease with economic impact on ruminant farming worldwide. The Canary Islands count with the fourth largest goat population in Spain and are "officially free" of bovine tuberculosis. Twelve farms were included with 2774 serum samples tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-MAP antibodies in two sessions. In the first session, an overall apparent prevalence of 18.4% (2.5% up to 61.1%) was obtained. Farms with prevalences (0-10%], (10-20%] and >20% were identified, with differences in seroconversion in the same prevalence group between farms and age ranges. Non-vaccinated (nV) and vaccinated (V) animals were included in the second sampling session. Higher levels of antibodies were detected in V animals older than 12 months, with considerable variations between age ranges and farms. Our results describe the current PTB status of the Canary Islands' goat farming. Furthermore, new insights on the effect of the farm prevalence on seroconversion in V animals are provided, although further studies are needed to evaluate the multiple factors affecting the immune response to anti-MAP vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Plamenova Stefanova
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain; (Ó.Q.-C.); (A.E.d.l.M.); (A.F.); (M.A.)
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yania Paz-Sánchez
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain; (Ó.Q.-C.); (A.E.d.l.M.); (A.F.); (M.A.)
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Óscar Quesada-Canales
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain; (Ó.Q.-C.); (A.E.d.l.M.); (A.F.); (M.A.)
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain; (Ó.Q.-C.); (A.E.d.l.M.); (A.F.); (M.A.)
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana Sofía Ramírez
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Unit, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain; (Ó.Q.-C.); (A.E.d.l.M.); (A.F.); (M.A.)
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marisa Andrada
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain; (Ó.Q.-C.); (A.E.d.l.M.); (A.F.); (M.A.)
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Elmagzoub WA, Idris SM, Elnaiem MHE, Mukhtar ME, Eltayeb E, Bakhiet SM, Okuni JB, Ojok L, El Sanousi SM, El Wahed AA, Gameel AA, Eltom KH. Faecal microbial diversity in a cattle herd infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a possible effect of production status. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:276. [PMID: 39037634 PMCID: PMC11263420 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease, or paratuberculosis (PTB) in ruminants, besides having zoonotic potential. It possibly changes the gut microbiome, but no conclusive data are available yet. This study aimed at investigating the influence of MAP on the faecal microbiome of cattle naturally infected with PTB. In a follow up period of 10 months, PTB status was investigated in a herd of dairy cattle with history of clinical cases. Each animal was tested for MAP infection using serum and milk ELISA for MAP anti-bodies and IS900 real-time PCR and recombinase polymerase amplification assays for MAP DNA in the faeces and milk monthly for 4 successive months, then a last one after 6 months. The faecal samples were subjected to 16S rDNA metagenomic analysis using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology. The microbial content was compared between animal groups based on MAP positivity rate and production status. All animals were MAP positive by one or more tests, but two animals were consistently negative for MAP DNA in the faeces. In all animals, the phyla firmicutes and bacteroidetes were highly enriched with a small contribution of proteobacteria, and increased abundance of the families Oscillospiraceae, Planococcaceae, and Streptococcacaceae was noted. Animals with high MAP positivity rate showed comparable faecal microbial content, although MAP faecal positivity had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the microbiome. Generally, richness and evenness indices decreased with increasing positivity rate. A significantly different microbial content was found between dry cows and heifers (p < 0.05). Particularly, Oscillospiraceae and Rikenellaceae were enriched in heifers, while Planococcaceae and Streptococcaceae were overrepresented in dry cows. Furthermore, abundance of 72 genera was significantly different between these two groups (p < 0.05). Changes in faecal microbiome composition were notably associated with increasing MAP shedding in the faeces. The present findings suggest a combined influence of the production status and MAP on the cattle faecal microbiome. This possibly correlates with the fate of the infection, the concern in disease control, again remains for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisal A Elmagzoub
- Department of Animal Health and Safety of Animal Products, Institute for Studies and Promotion of Animal Exports, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Sanaa M Idris
- Department of Animal Health and Safety of Animal Products, Institute for Studies and Promotion of Animal Exports, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Marwa H E Elnaiem
- Department of Botany and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Mohamed E Mukhtar
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - ElSagad Eltayeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Neelain University/Ibn Sina Specialised Hospital, Street 17-21, Alamarat, 12217, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sahar M Bakhiet
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Julius B Okuni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lonzy Ojok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O.Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Sulieman M El Sanousi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Abd El Wahed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ahmed A Gameel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Kamal H Eltom
- Department of Animal Health and Safety of Animal Products, Institute for Studies and Promotion of Animal Exports, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan.
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Di Marco Lo Presti V, Ippolito D, Migliore S, Tolone M, Mignacca SA, Marino AMF, Amato B, Calogero R, Vitale M, Vicari D, Ciarello FP, Fiasconaro M. Large-scale serological survey on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in sheep and goat herds in Sicily, Southern Italy. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1334036. [PMID: 38362298 PMCID: PMC10868524 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1334036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a worldwide chronic, contagious enteric disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) mainly affecting ruminant species. PTB is a WOAH-listed disease with direct and indirect economic losses in the livestock sector, negative impact on animal welfare and significant public health concerns. In spite of this, MAP prevalence in small ruminants is still unknown and the prevalence appears to be underestimated in many countries. The aim of this study is providing a first large-scale serological survey on MAP infection in small ruminants in Sicily, a region of Southern Italy with the 11.3 and 8.9% Italian national heritage of sheep and goats, respectively. Methods For this purpose, we analyzed a total of 48,643 animals reared in 439 flocks throughout Sicily. MAP seroprevalence was estimated both at herd-level and animal-level within breeds reared in all the nine sampled provinces. Results Our results revealed a high overall apparent prevalence at herd-level of 71.8% in sheep and 60.8% in goat farms with an animal-level prevalence of 4.5 and 5.1% in sheep and goats, respectively. Significant statistical differences were found between the provinces and within the breeds both in sheep and goats. Discussion Our study provides the first large-scale serological survey on PTB infection in small ruminants in Sicily and showed a high prevalence of disease depending to the species, breed and province. This study represents the first step to better understand the MAP epidemiology in a typical Mediterranean breeding context, suggesting the need of in-depth study on the herds risk factors, including the eventual presence of candidate genes for resistance/susceptibility to PTB in native breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorotea Ippolito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Migliore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tolone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Benedetta Amato
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rosita Calogero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fiasconaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
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Stefanova EP, Quesada-Canales Ó, Paz-Sánchez Y, Caballero MJ, Quintana-Montesdeoca MDP, Espinosa de Los Monteros A, Rivero MA, Castro A, Pérez V, Andrada M. Morphological Assessment of Concomitant Lesions Detected in Goat Herds Naturally Infected with Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101693. [PMID: 37238123 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), causes significant financial losses in the ruminant industry. The aim of this study is to describe the concomitant pathological findings as well as PTB-induced lesions in 39 naturally infected goats (15 vaccinated and 24 non-vaccinated). All animals exhibited MAP-induced microscopic lesions affecting target organs, although only 62% of those were detected grossly. Mainly concomitant inflammatory pathologies were recognized affecting the hemolymphatic, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Non-vaccinated animals exhibited both moderate and marked granulomatous enteritis in contrast with vaccinated ones which presented mild intestinal affection. Our results demonstrate that non-vaccinated animals presented pneumonia in all age groups studied (from 12 up to >48 months old). A significantly higher prevalence of ileocecal valve PTB lesions was detected in non-vaccinated animals with pneumonic lesions (p = 0.027). Furthermore, a reduction of gastrointestinal non-PTB processes was described in vaccinated goats. In conclusion, a PTB infected goat herd can be affected by a wide range of concomitant pathologies, mostly inflammatory in origin. Anatomic pathology is of crucial importance for correct herd diagnosis and histopathology is an indispensable tool for lesion detection. Additionally, anti-MAP vaccination could have a beneficial effect on the reduction of respiratory and gastrointestinal non-PTB diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Plamenova Stefanova
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Óscar Quesada-Canales
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yania Paz-Sánchez
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María José Caballero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Espinosa de Los Monteros
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Antonio Rivero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ayoze Castro
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - Marisa Andrada
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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