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Zhai X, Dang L, Wang S, Li W, Sun C. Effects of Succinate on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Lipid Synthesis in Bama Miniature Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:999. [PMID: 38612238 PMCID: PMC11011074 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate, one of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is now recognized to play a role in a broad range of physiological and pathophysiological settings, but its role in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study used Bama miniature pigs as a model to explore the effects of succinate on performance, meat quality, and fat formation. The results showed that adding 1% succinate significantly increased the average daily gain, feed/gain ratio, eye muscle area, and body fat content (p < 0.05), but had no effect on feed intake. Further meat quality analysis showed that succinate increased the marbling score and intramuscular fat content of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), while decreasing the shear force and the cross-sectional area of LM (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis of LM revealed that succinate reshaped levels of fatty acids, triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids in LM. Succinate promotes adipogenic differentiation in porcine primary preadipocytes. Finally, dietary succinate supplementation increased succinylation modification rather than acetylation modification in the adipose tissue pool. This study elucidated the effects of succinate on the growth and meat quality of pigs and its mechanism of action and provided a reference for the role of succinate in the nutrition and metabolism of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Liping Dang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Yuanyang County, Xinxiang 453000, China;
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
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Munezero O, Cho S, Kim IH. The effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, meat quality, and fatty acid profile of finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:310-325. [PMID: 38628678 PMCID: PMC11016742 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN (p = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH3, H2S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO2 emissions (p > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 (p = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed (p = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio (p = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Munezero
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Sarmiento-García A, Rubio B, Martinez B, García JJ, Vieira C. Effect of dietary fat on proximal composition, sensorial analysis and shelf life of a traditional Spanish cooked pork product "Lomo de Sajonia" from Iberian pork. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13934. [PMID: 38581380 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources on the quality of a Spanish-cooked meat product Lomo de Sajonia (LSA) and its shelf-life. Forty loins were selected from Iberian pigs fed four dietary treatments containing pork fat (G-1), Greedy-Grass Olive® (GGO) (enriched oleic-acid oil) (G-2), G-2 and high oleic sunflower (G-3), and G-3 plus a mixture of commercial organic acids (Bioll®) (G-4). Loins were manufactured to obtain LSA, and the quality and sensorial attributes were assessed. The shelf life was established according to microbial count and sensorial analysis, which was packed in a modified atmosphere and stored under retail conditions. All meat quality parameters of LSA remained stable in all groups, except fat content and overall liking, which showed the highest values for G-2 LSA. Regarding the shelf life, sensorial attributes remained acceptable in all groups during storage time, while a delay in microbial growth was recorded for the LSA of G-3. According to the results, including GGO in Iberian pig diets could enhance LSA traits, possibly linked to increased assimilation compared with conventional fat sources. However, adding organic acids to the diet did not have the expected effect on improving the shelf life of the LSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Sarmiento-García
- Área de Producción Animal, Departamento de Construcción y Agronomía, Facultad de Agricultura y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Begoña Rubio
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martinez
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan-José García
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ceferina Vieira
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
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Botelho-Fontela S, Ferreira S, Paixão G, Pereira-Pinto R, Vaz-Velho M, Pires MDA, Payan-Carreira R, Patarata L, Lorenzo JM, Silva JA, Esteves A. Seasonal Variations on Testicular Morphology, Boar Taint, and Meat Quality Traits in Traditional Outdoor Pig Farming. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:102. [PMID: 38200834 PMCID: PMC10778027 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional outdoor pig farming is renowned for its emphasis on animal welfare and the production of highly valued, quality meat. While seasonality is known to impact certain animals, particularly those raised outdoors, there is a lack of research on Bísaro boars, a native Portuguese breed. This research study was conducted on a total of 20 male entire Bísaro pigs, reared in outdoor pens from 4 to 13 months old, and subsequently slaughtered. The animals were divided into two groups: one slaughtered in winter (Wi, n = 9), and the other in summer (Su, n = 11). The objective was to evaluate testicular morphometry, boar taint compounds, and meat quality traits, including sensory analysis and fatty acid profile. Testicles from the Su group exhibited reduced volume, indicating diminished functionality during that season. While no significant differences were observed in the boar taint compound analysis, panelists could discern a more intense aroma and flavor of boar taint in the Su meat. Other meat quality traits showed no significant variations, but the fatty acid profile displayed higher values in the Wi group. This study reveals that Bísaro boars experience reproductive seasonality, leading to variations in boar taint compounds across the seasons. This information is crucial for farm planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Botelho-Fontela
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.F.); (G.P.); (M.d.A.P.); (L.P.); (J.A.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Sílvia Ferreira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.F.); (G.P.); (M.d.A.P.); (L.P.); (J.A.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Gustavo Paixão
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.F.); (G.P.); (M.d.A.P.); (L.P.); (J.A.S.); (A.E.)
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (R.P.-P.); (M.V.-V.)
| | - Ricardo Pereira-Pinto
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (R.P.-P.); (M.V.-V.)
| | - Manuela Vaz-Velho
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (R.P.-P.); (M.V.-V.)
| | - Maria dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.F.); (G.P.); (M.d.A.P.); (L.P.); (J.A.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Rita Payan-Carreira
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Évora, Pole at Mitra, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal;
| | - Luís Patarata
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.F.); (G.P.); (M.d.A.P.); (L.P.); (J.A.S.); (A.E.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia 4, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - José A. Silva
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.F.); (G.P.); (M.d.A.P.); (L.P.); (J.A.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.F.); (G.P.); (M.d.A.P.); (L.P.); (J.A.S.); (A.E.)
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Tan Z, Liu J, Xiao D, Liu Y, Huang Y. Dual-Stream Fusion Network with ConvNeXtV2 for Pig Weight Estimation Using RGB-D Data in Aisles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3755. [PMID: 38136793 PMCID: PMC10740622 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of livestock management, noncontact pig weight estimation has advanced considerably with the integration of computer vision and sensor technologies. However, real-world agricultural settings present substantial challenges for these estimation techniques, including the impacts of variable lighting and the complexities of measuring pigs in constant motion. To address these issues, we have developed an innovative algorithm, the moving pig weight estimate algorithm based on deep vision (MPWEADV). This algorithm effectively utilizes RGB and depth images to accurately estimate the weight of pigs on the move. The MPWEADV employs the advanced ConvNeXtV2 network for robust feature extraction and integrates a cutting-edge feature fusion module. Supported by a confidence map estimator, this module effectively merges information from both RGB and depth modalities, enhancing the algorithm's accuracy in determining pig weight. To demonstrate its efficacy, the MPWEADV achieved a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 4.082 kg and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.383% in our test set. Comparative analyses with models replicating the latest research show the potential of the MPWEADV in unconstrained pig weight estimation practices. Our approach enables real-time assessment of pig conditions, offering valuable data support for grading and adjusting breeding plans, and holds broad prospects for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujie Tan
- College of Mathematics Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Junbin Liu
- College of Mathematics Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Deqin Xiao
- College of Mathematics Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Youfu Liu
- College of Mathematics Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yigui Huang
- College of Mathematics Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
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