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Khizar A, Fatima M, Khan N, Rashid MA. Xylooligosaccharide supplementation in rice protein concentrate based diets: A comprehensive analysis of performance and health of Labeo rohita. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:1059-1071. [PMID: 38500315 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) in rice protein concentrate (RPC) based diets on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology and blood biochemistry of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four different XOS levels (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) were used at each RPC (75% and 100%) level. Twenty-five fish per tank with an average initial weight of 25 ± 0.05 g were randomly assigned (Randomised complete block design) to each of the 8 groups in triplicate aquaria (36 × 16 × 12″) and then fed with respective diets @ 3% body weight for 90 days. The results showed significant improvements in growth performance, such as increased weight gain %, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio and improved feed conversion ratio in 1% XOS supplemented diet at 75% RPC. A significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and plasma melanodialdehyde (MDA) were observed at 1% XOS level in 75% RPC based diets, respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest total cholesterol and highest lysozyme activity were observed in 1% XOS supplemented diet at 75% RPC levels. Moreover, the serum (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase) and plasma (superoxide dismutase, triglyceride, high density and low density lipoprotein) activities showed nonsignificant effects among the treatments. Furthermore, the digestive enzymes (protease & lipase) and intestinal morphology were significantly influenced at 1% XOS in the 75% RPC-based diet. Polynomial regression analysis showed that 1.25% XOS is the optimum requirement for the growth of rohu fingerlings when fed at 75% RPC based diets. Overall, it was concluded that the 75% RPC diet was efficiently replaced by fishmeal along with 1% XOS addition in L. rohita fingerlings without any negative effect on growth performance and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khizar
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahroze Fatima
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal Rashid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Purushothaman K, Ho Jia Wen R, bin Mohamed MH, Rwei Qing SDT, Heng Wuan L, Liang B, Thanh Vu N, Voigtmann M, McLean Press C, Loo G, Bisa S, Domingos JA, Jerry DR, Vij S. Comparative Nutritional and Histological Analysis of Malabar Red Snapper ( Lutjanus malabaricus) and Asian Seabass ( Lates calcarifer). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1803. [PMID: 38929422 PMCID: PMC11200453 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study offers a comprehensive morpho-histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the Malabar red snapper. A comparison of its GIT morphology with that of the Asian seabass reveals similarities and differences between the two species. Additionally, the moisture content, crude protein, and ash in the fillets of Malabar red snapper and Asian seabass were slightly different, with Malabar red snapper exhibiting higher levels of essential fatty acids. Furthermore, higher levels of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio, and a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio, were observed in Malabar red snapper compared to Asian seabass. The Malabar red snapper's esophagus featured protective mechanisms such as simple columnar epithelial cells, mucous-secreting glands, and goblet cells that were predominantly stained for acid and neutral mucosubstances. Furthermore, its stomach, with mucus cells that were weakly stained for acid mucosubstances, exhibited distinct regions with varying glandular densities, with the pyloric region featuring few glands. The pyloric caeca of the fish were composed of five finger-like structures and few goblet cells. Several goblet cells gradually increased from the anterior to the posterior region of the intestine. These findings provide useful insights for the aquaculture sector, focusing on Malabar red snapper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Purushothaman
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Rachel Ho Jia Wen
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Muhammad Hazim bin Mohamed
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Saraphina Dianne Tneo Rwei Qing
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Lee Heng Wuan
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Bing Liang
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- Marine Aquaculture Centre, Singapore Food Agency, 52 Jurong Gateway Road, JEM Office Tower, #14-01, Singapore 608550, Singapore
| | - Nguyen Thanh Vu
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Michael Voigtmann
- Singapore Aquaculture Technologies (SAT) Pte Ltd., Singapore 308931, Singapore;
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Grace Loo
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Saraswathy Bisa
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway;
| | - Jose A. Domingos
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Dean R. Jerry
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- ARC Research Hub for Supercharging Tropical Aquaculture through Genetic Solutions, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Shubha Vij
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
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Yang H, Yuan Q, Rahman MM, Lv W, Huang W, Hu W, Zhou W. Comparative studies on the intestinal health of wild and cultured ricefield eel ( Monopterus albus). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411544. [PMID: 38915412 PMCID: PMC11194362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish intestinal health under intensive aquaculture mode plays an important role in growth, development, and immune function. The present study was aimed to systematically investigate the differences of intestinal health between wild and cultured Monopterus albus by biochemical parameters, histomorphology, and molecular biology. A total of 15 healthy M. albus per group, with an average body weight of 45 g, were sampled to analyze intestinal health parameters. Compared with wild fish, the cultured M. albus in the foregut had lower trypsin, lipase, SOD, CAT, T-AOC, and GSH-Px activities (P < 0.05) and higher amylase activity and MDA content (P < 0.05). The villus circumference and goblet cells in the cultured group were significantly lower than those in the wild group (P < 0.05). In addition, the cultured fish showed lower relative expression levels of occludin, zo-1, zo-2, claudin-12, claudin-15, mucin5, mucin15, lysozyme, complement 3, il-10, tgf-β1, tgf-β2, and tgf-β3 (P < 0.05) and higher il-1β, il-6, il-8, tnf-a, and ifnγ mRNA expressions than those of wild fish (P < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, the cultured group at the phylum level displayed higher percentages of Chlamydiae and Spirochaetes and lower percentages of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia compared to the wild group (P < 0.05). At the genus level, higher abundances of Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas and Spironema and lower abundances of Lactococcus and Cetobacterium were observed in the cultured group than in the wild group (P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the intestinal health status between wild and cultured M. albus in terms of biochemistry, histology, and molecular biology levels. Overall, the present study showed significant differences in intestinal health between wild and cultured M. albus and the main manifestations that wild M. albus had higher intestinal digestion, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier functions than cultured M. albus. These results would provide theoretical basis for the subsequent upgrading of healthy aquaculture technology and nutrient regulation of intestinal health of cultured M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Weiwei Lv
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yang H, Yuan Q, Rahman MM, Lv W, Huang W, Hu W, Zhou W. Biochemical, Histological, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Underlying Differences in Flesh Quality between Wild and Farmed Ricefield Eel ( Monopterus albus). Foods 2024; 13:1751. [PMID: 38890979 PMCID: PMC11171622 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to systematically investigate the underlying differences in flesh quality between wild and farmed Monopterus albus. Fifteen healthy M. albus per group with an average body weight of 45 g were sampled to analyze muscle parameters by biochemical indicators, histomorphology, and molecular biology. Compared with the wild fish, the farmed M. albus in flesh had lower crude protein, collagen, lysine, histidine, total amino acids, SFA, n-3 PUFA contents, and n-3/n-6 ratio (p < 0.05), and higher moisture, crude lipid, crude ash, MUFA, n-6PUFA, and total PUFA contents (p < 0.05). The thawing loss, drip loss, steaming loss, and boiling loss in the farmed group were significantly higher, and hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were significantly lower than those in the wild group (p < 0.05). In addition, higher muscle fiber density and lower muscle fiber diameter were observed in wild M. albus (p < 0.05). In muscle transcriptome profiling, differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways are primarily associated with muscle development, protein synthesis, catabolism, lipid metabolism, and immunity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation that compares the flesh quality between wild and farmed M. albus in terms of biochemistry, histology, and molecular biology levels. Overall, wild M. albus had a higher nutritional value and texture quality than farmed M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | | | - Weiwei Lv
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Youssef IM, Elsherbeni AI, Almuraee AA, Nass NM, Beyari EA, Alshammarii NM, Abdel-Ghany AM, Ahmed ESG, Nasr S, Youssef KM, Salem HM, Abd El-Hack ME, Saber HS. Influence of using synbiotics by various routes on Mandarah male chicks: intestinal bacterial counts, gut morphology and histological status. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103601. [PMID: 38503136 PMCID: PMC10966297 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment investigated the influence of different synbiotic processing methods on the intestinal bacterial count, morphology and histological status of developed male Mandarah chicks. Two hundred and ten male Mandarah line chicks aged 1 d were randomized to receive one of 7 chicks. The method and dose for 1-time synbiotics administration to the day-old chicks were as follows: G1: chicks on basal diet received no treatment (control); G2: 0.25 mL synbiotics sprayed; G3: 0.50 mL synbiotics sprayed; G4: 0.25 mL of synbiotics are added to drinking water; G5: 0.50 mL of synbiotics are added to drinking water; G6: 0.25 mL of synbiotics dripped into the mouth; and G7: 0.50 mL of synbiotics dripped into mouth drops. Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) were significantly increased (P<0.0001) compared to the control group and other treated groups and had the maximum values after the use of synbiotics via drinking water (0.25 or 0.50 mL). Furthermore, when comparing the treated birds (G4, G5) with the control birds, the Escherichia coli concentration in the drinking water containing synbiotics was significantly lower. In addition, treated chickens at (G7) showed a higher duodenum, ileum villus height (VH), and VH. - Ileum crypt depth (CD) ratio compared to other groups. In addition, birds treated with 0.50 mL of synbiotics in drinking water (G5) performed better in duodenum, ileum, CD and VH. - CD ratio than the other groups. Meanwhile, intestinal tract length and visceral pH did not differ significantly between groups. It can be concluded that the use of 0.25 mL of synbiotics in drinking water can improve the overall health of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed I Elsherbeni
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Areej A Almuraee
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Nass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Beyari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheda M Alshammarii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Ghany
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed G Ahmed
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Samia Nasr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Youssef
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Saber
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Rimoldi S, Di Rosa AR, Armone R, Chiofalo B, Hasan I, Saroglia M, Kalemi V, Terova G. The Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Insect Exuviae: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Health and Microbiota of the European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Microorganisms 2024; 12:744. [PMID: 38674688 PMCID: PMC11052083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the urgent need for sustainable protein sources in aquaculture due to the depletion of marine resources and rising costs. Animal protein sources, particularly poultry by-product meal (PBM) and insect exuviae meal, were investigated as viable alternatives to fishmeal (FM). The research study confirmed the successful replacement of FM with a combination of PBM and insect exuviae meal (up to 50%) in the diet of European seabass without compromising growth, feed conversion, gut health, and liver fat content. In particular, growth was robust with both PBM formulations, with the 25% PBM diet showing better results. Histological examinations showed good gut and liver health, contradicting the concerns of previous studies. This paper emphasizes the importance of holistic analyzes that go beyond growth parameters and include histomorphological investigations. The results show that PBM in combination with insect/exuviae meal is well tolerated by seabass, which is consistent with reports in the literature of it mitigating negative effects on gut health. A detailed analysis of the microbiota revealed a decrease in the Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio due to an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria. However, the formulation containing insect exuviae partially counteracted this effect by preserving the beneficial Lactobacillus and promoting the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate. Chitin-rich components from insect exuviae were associated with improved gut health, which was supported by the increased production of SCFAs, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. This paper concludes that a combination of PBM and insect/exuviae meal can replace up to 50% of FM in the diet of seabass, supporting sustainable aquaculture practices. Despite some changes in the microbiota, the negative effects are mitigated by the addition of insect exuviae, highlighting their potential as a prebiotic to increase fish productivity and contribute to a circular economy in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.R.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.R.D.R.); (R.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Rosangela Armone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.R.D.R.); (R.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.R.D.R.); (R.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Imam Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.R.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Marco Saroglia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.R.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Violeta Kalemi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.R.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.R.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
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Yu J, Kong W, Wang X, Cai C, Cheng G, Ding G, Xu Z. Mucosal immune responses of gut IgM in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following infection with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109326. [PMID: 38134976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) specifically recognizes various antigens and can activate complement, mediate cytotoxicity, opsonize and agglutinate pathogens to induce phagocytosis, all of which play an important role in immunity. However, the IgM response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the intestinal mucosa after viral infection has not been thoroughly. Therefore, we successfully produced an anti-carp IgM monoclonal antibody and developed a model of viral infection to study the kinetics of immune responses after viral infection. Our results showed that the expression of IL1-β and Igs were dramatically increased, implying that common carp exhibited a significant innate and adaptive immune response to viral infection. Furthermore, we found that the IgM responses varied between the two infection strategies. At 14 days post-infection (DPI), a significant population of IgM+ B cells were observed in the gut, accompanied by a sharp rise in IgM levels. The immune response to secondary infection started at 7 DPI, suggesting that the IgM response is faster in the gut after re-infection. Importantly, we also explored the variability of different gut compartments to viral infection, and result revealed a stronger immune response in the hindgut than in the foregut and midgut. Overall, our findings indicate that IgM plays an important role in the intestinal immune response following primary and secondary viral infection, in which the hindgut plays a major immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - GuangYi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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