The PARP1/ARTD1-Mediated Poly-ADP-Ribosylation and DNA Damage Repair in B Cell Diversification

Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1: Beyond transcription and towards differentiation

Gene regulation mediates the processes of cellular development and differentiation leading to the origin of different cell types each having their own signature gene expression profile. However, the compact chromatin structure and the timely recruitment of molecules involved in various signaling pathways are of prime importance for temporal and spatial gene regulation that eventually contribute towards cell type and specificity. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a 116-kDa nuclear multitasking protein is involved in modulation of chromatin condensation leading to altered gene expression. In response to activation signals, it adds ADP-ribose units to various target proteins including itself, thus regulating various key cellular processes like DNA repair, cell death, transcription, mRNA splicing etc. This review provides insights into the role of PARP-1 in gene regulation, cell differentiation and multicellular morphogenesis. In addition, the review also explores involvement of PARP-1 in immune cells development and therapeutic possibilities to treat various human diseases.

ADPRtool: A novel predicting model for identification of ASP-ADP-Ribosylation sites of human proteins

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur in the vast majority of proteins, and they are essential for many protein functions. Computational prediction of the residue location of PTMs enhances the functional characterization of proteins. ADP-Ribosylation is an important type of PTM, because it is implicated in apoptosis, DNA repair, regulation of cell proliferation, and protein synthesis. However, mass spectrometric approaches have difficulties in identifying a vast number of protein ADP-Ribosylation sites. Therefore, a computational method for predicting ADP-Ribosylation sites of human proteins seems useful and necessary. Four types of sequence features and an incremental feature selection technique are utilized to predict protein ADP-Ribosylation sites. The final feature set for ADPR prediction modeling is optimized, based on a minimum redundancy maximum relevance criterion, so as to make more accurate predictions on aspartic acid ADPR modified residues. Our prediction model, ADPRtool, is capable to predict Asp-ADP-Ribosylation sites with a total accuracy of 85.45%, which is as good as most computational PTM site predictors. By using a sequence-based computational method, a new ADP-Ribosylation site prediction model - ADPRtool, is developed, and it has shown great accuracies with total accuracy, Matthew's correlation coefficient and area under receiver operating characteristic curve.