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Shahbazi F, Shojaei L, Farvadi F, Kadivarian S. Antimicrobial safety considerations in critically ill patients: part I: focused on acute kidney injury. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:551-561. [PMID: 35734940 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2093713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic prescription is a challenging issue in critical care settings. Different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, polypharmacy, drug interactions, and high incidence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in this population can influence the selection, safety, and efficacy of prescribed antibiotics. AREAS COVERED In the current article, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for estimating renal function in acute kidney injury, nephrotoxicity of commonly used antibiotics, and nephrotoxin stewardship in intensive care units. EXPERT OPINION Early estimation of kidney function with an accurate method may be helpful to optimize antimicrobial treatment in critically ill patients. Different antibiotic dosing regimens may be required for patients with acute kidney injury. In many low-resource settings, therapeutic drug monitoring is not available for antibiotics. Acute kidney injury may influence treatment effectiveness and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroud Shahbazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Lida Shojaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fakhrossadat Farvadi
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Kadivarian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Busse D, Borghardt JM, Petroff D, Pevzner A, Dorn C, El-Najjar N, Huisinga W, Wrigge H, Simon P, Kloft C. Evaluating prediction methods for glomerular filtration to optimise drug doses in obese and nonobese patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2973-2981. [PMID: 34688225 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The most suitable method for predicting the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in obesity is currently debated. Therefore, multiple GFR/creatinine clearance prediction methods were applied to (morbidly) obese and nonobese patients ranging from moderate renal impairment to glomerular hyperfiltration and their predictions were rated based on observed fosfomycin pharmacokinetics, as this model drug is exclusively eliminated via glomerular filtration. METHODS The GFR/creatinine clearance predictions via the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD; indexed and de-indexed by body surface area) and creatinine clearance via the Cockcroft-Gault formula (CLCRCG ) using different body size descriptors were compared to the fosfomycin clearance (CLFOF ) from 30 surgical patients (body mass index = 20.1-52.0 kg m-2 ), receiving 8000 mg as intravenous infusion. RESULTS The concordance between CLFOF and creatinine clearance predictions was highest for CLCRCG employing either ideal body weight or adjusted body weight (if body mass >1.3 ideal body weight; CLCRCG_ABW-Schwartz , concordance-correlation coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.474 [0.156; 0.703], CCC) and GFR predictions via the de-indexed MDRD equation (concordance-correlation coefficient = 0.452 [0.137; 0.685]). The proportion of predicted GFR values within ±30% of the observed CLFOF (P30 = 72.3-76.7%) was only marginally lower than the reported P30 in the original CKD-EPI and MDRD publications (P30 = 84.1-90.0%). CONCLUSION This analysis represents a successful proof-of-concept for evaluating GFR/creatinine clearance prediction methods: Across all body mass index classes CLCRCG_ABW-Schwartz or the de-indexed MDRD were most suitable for predicting creatinine clearance/GFR also in (morbidly) obese, CKD stage <3B individuals in therapeutic use. Their application is proposed in optimising doses for vital therapies in obese patients requiring monitoring of renal function (e.g. methotrexate dosing).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Busse
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Graduate Research Training program PharMetrX, Berlin/Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Markus Borghardt
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Research DMPK, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - David Petroff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alice Pevzner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Dorn
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Pharmacy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nahed El-Najjar
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Huisinga
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Mathematics, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hermann Wrigge
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Pain Therapy, Bergmannstrost Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Philipp Simon
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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