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Chen N, Jiang C. Antimicrobial peptides: Structure, mechanism, and modification. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115377. [PMID: 37099837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Kumar V, van Rensburg W, Snoep JL, Paradies HH, Borrageiro C, de Villiers C, Singh R, Joshi KB, Rautenbach M. Antimicrobial nano-assemblies of tryptocidine C, a tryptophan-rich cyclic decapeptide, from ethanolic solutions. Biochimie 2023; 204:22-32. [PMID: 36057373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tryptocidine C (TpcC), a Trp-rich cyclodecapeptide is a minor constituent in the antibiotic tyrothricin complex from Brevibacillus parabrevis. TpcC possesses a high tendency to oligomerise in aqueous solutions and dried TpcC forms distinct self-assembled nanoparticles. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed the influence of different ethanol:water solvent systems on TpcC self-assembly, with the TpcC, dried from a high concentration in 15% ethanol, primarily assembling into small nanospheres with 24.3 nm diameter and 0.05 polydispersity. TpcC at 16 μM, near its CMC, formed a variety of structures such as small nanospheres, large dense nanospheroids and facetted 3-D-crystals, as well as sheets and coarse carpet-like structures which depended on ethanol concentration. Drying 16 μM TpcC from 75% ethanol resulted in highly facetted 3-D crystals, as well as small nanospheres, while those in 10% ethanol preparation had less defined facets. Drying from 20 to 50% ethanol led to polymorphic architectures with a few defined nanospheroids and various small nanoparticles, imbedded in carpet- and sheet-like structures. These polymorphic surface morphologies correlated with maintenance of fluorescence properties and the surface-derived antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus over time, while there was a significant change in fluorescence and loss in activity in the 10% and 75% preparations where 3-D crystals were observed. This indicated that TpcC oligomerisation in solutions with 20-50% ethanol leads to metastable structures with a high propensity for release of antimicrobial moieties, while those leading to crystallisation limit active moieties release. TpcC nano-assemblies can find application in antimicrobial coatings, surface disinfectants, food packaging and wound healing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Wilma van Rensburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Jacky L Snoep
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrich H Paradies
- Jacobs-University, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Bremen, 30110, Germany
| | | | - Carmen de Villiers
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Marina Rautenbach
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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van Rensburg W, Rautenbach M. Creating Robust Antimicrobial Materials with Sticky Tyrocidines. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020174. [PMID: 35203778 PMCID: PMC8868332 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified antimicrobial and antifouling materials and surfaces can be used to limit the propagation of microorganisms on various surfaces and minimise the occurrence of infection, transfer, and spoilage. Increased demand for ‘green’ solutions for material treatment has pushed the focus towards to naturally produced antimicrobials. Tyrocidines, cyclo-decapeptides naturally produced by a soil bacterium Brevibacillus parabrevis, have a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeasts. Continual losses in tyrocidine production highlighted the possible association of peptides to surfaces. It was found in this study that tyrocidines readily associates with many materials, with a selectivity towards polysaccharide-type materials, such as cellulose. Peptide-treated cellulose was found to remain active after exposure to a broad pH range, various temperatures, salt solutions, water washes, and organic solvents, with the sterilising activity only affected by 1% SDS and 70% acetonitrile. Furthermore, a comparison to other antimicrobial peptides showed the association between tyrocidines and cellulose to be unique in terms of antimicrobial activity. The robust association between the tyrocidines and various materials holds great promise in applications focused on preventing surface contamination and creating self-sterilising materials.
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