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Pei XM, Zhou LX, Tsang MW, Tai WCS, Wong SCC. The Oral Microbial Ecosystem in Age-Related Xerostomia: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12815. [PMID: 39684528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is a widespread condition among the elderly, impacting as many as 50% of individuals within this demographic. This review aims to analyze the association between age-related xerostomia and the oral microbial ecosystem. Xerostomia not only induces discomfort but also heightens the susceptibility to oral diseases, including dental caries and infections. The oral microbial ecosystem, characterized by a dynamic equilibrium of microorganisms, is integral to the maintenance of oral health. Dysbiosis, defined as a microbial imbalance, can further aggravate oral health complications in those suffering from xerostomia. This review investigates the composition, diversity, and functionality of the oral microbiota in elderly individuals experiencing xerostomia, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying dysbiosis and its ramifications for both oral and systemic health. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions is vital for the formulation of effective management and prevention strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of life for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Pei
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 997700, China
| | - Lian-Xin Zhou
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 997700, China
| | - Man-Wah Tsang
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 997700, China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 997700, China
| | - Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 997700, China
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Furlaneto F, Levi YLDAS, Sávio DDSF, da Silveira ICF, de Oliveira AM, Lourenço TGB, Ribeiro MC, Silva PHF, Salvador SLDS, Colombo APV, Messora MR. Microbiological profile of patients with generalized gingivitis undergoing periodontal therapy and administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310529. [PMID: 39527605 PMCID: PMC11554181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adjunctive use of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) to conventional therapy on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with generalized gingivitis. METHODS Sixty systemically healthy individuals with untreated generalized gingivitis were submitted to periodontal therapy and allocated to receive Placebo (n = 30) or Probiotic (n = 30) lozenges, twice a day for 8 weeks. Bleeding on Marginal Probing (BOMP) was evaluated at baseline, after 2 and 8 weeks. Supra and subgingival biofilm were obtained at baseline and 8 weeks post-therapy for analyses by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differences between therapeutic groups were analyzed by non-parametric tests (p<0.05). RESULTS The Placebo and Probiotic groups showed a significant reduction in BOMP at 8 weeks compared to baseline (p<0.05). The Probiotic group had a lower percentage of BOMP when compared with the Placebo group at 8 weeks (p<0.0001). Alpha and beta-diversity showed no statistical significance between groups and time points. At phylum level, no significant differences were observed between groups and time points. At genus level, an increase in the relative abundances of Bergeyella and Corynebacterium were significantly associated with a greater reduction in bleeding in the Placebo group and with less reduction in bleeding in the Probiotic group, respectively. At species level, Schaalia spp., Streptococcus gordonii, and Leptotrichia wadei increased in Placebo and decreased in the Probiotic group after treatment. Granulicatella adiacens decreased significantly after the probiotic therapy, while Saccharibacteria (TM7) spp., Solobacterium moorei, and Catonella morbi increased significantly. In the Placebo group, Bergeyella sp. HMT-322 was associated with a greater percentage of reduction in bleeding. In both groups, Actinomyces species were related to less reduction in bleeding. CONCLUSION The adjuvant use of B. lactis HN019 alongside conventional therapy enhanced the reduction in BOMP and promoted greater changes in the microbiological profile of patients with generalized gingivitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC; protocol number: RBR-59v2yb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Furlaneto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Yara Loyanne de Almeida Silva Levi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Ferreira Sávio
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Izadora Cianfa Firmino da Silveira
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Miranda de Oliveira
- Division of Post-graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Talita Gomes Baêta Lourenço
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcella Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Felix Silva
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz de Souza Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Division of Post-graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Wang L, Wang R, He Q, Hu Q, Yang J, Tang X. Assessment of the Effectiveness of Probiotics-assisted Physical Interventions in the Management of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10369-2. [PMID: 39304607 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Live micro-ecological agents, such as probiotics, have demonstrated a significant role in the preservation of human health, encompassing oral health maintenance and regulation of oral microbiota. Here, a total of 20 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were recruited and randomly assigned into two cohorts based on completion of physiotherapy: a placebo group (n = 10) and a probiotic group (n = 10). The actual efficacy was assessed by administering chewable tablets (5 × 109 CFU/tablet) containing the probiotics Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, Lactobacillus paracasei LC86, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 to patients with chronic periodontitis. For the placebo group, chewable tablets without probiotics were administered, while maintaining consistency with the rest of the ingredients used in the probiotic group. Saliva and plaque samples were collected at different time points (0, 1, and 3 months) and subjected to 16S amplicon sequencing for microbial structure analysis. Salivary IgA content was determined using enzyme immunoassay, whereas clinical chronic periodontal pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probe index (BOP +) were employed to evaluate the actual efficacy of probiotic-assisted physiological intervention in chronic periodontitis treatment. Compared to the placebo group, the probiotic intervention resulted in a significant increase in salivary IgA levels among patients, accompanied by a notable decrease in PD and BOP + levels. Furthermore, the probiotic intervention led to a substantial reduction in Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas counts, while significantly increasing Lactobacillus abundance within the dental plaque microbiota of patients. Importantly, no significant alterations were observed in the overall structure of both salivary and dental plaque microbiota following the probiotic intervention. The administration of this live probiotic agent consistently and significantly enhances the oral immune response in patients with chronic periodontitis, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of physical interventions for this condition. Moreover, it effectively reduces the abundance of pathogenic microbes associated with chronic periodontitis without causing substantial alterations to the salivary and dental plaque microbiota composition. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ( https://www.chictr.org.cn ) under the registration number ChiCTR2300074108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghui He
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuna Tang
- Department of Specialist Clinic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Kulig K, Kowalik K, Surowiec M, Karnas E, Barczyk-Woznicka O, Zuba-Surma E, Pyza E, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. Isolation and Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Probiotics: Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:936-948. [PMID: 37209320 PMCID: PMC11126510 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous probiotic microorganisms have repeatedly been shown to produce nanometer-sized structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, it has been suggested that similarly to whole microbial cells, EVs produced by probiotics may also demonstrate health benefits to the host, while their application does not involve the risk of infection caused by live microorganisms. In this work, we isolated EVs from two probiotic species originating from different taxonomic domains - yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. The diameters of S. boulardii EVs were about 142 nm and for S. salivarius EVs about 123 nm. For S. boulardii EVs, 1641 proteins and for S. salivarius EVs, 466 proteins were identified with a liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry and then functionally classified. In both microbial species, metabolic proteins significantly contributed to the cargo of EVs comprising 25% and 26% of all identified vesicular proteins for fungi and bacteria, respectively. Moreover, enzymes associated with cell wall rearrangement, including enzymatically active glucanases, were also identified in EVs. Furthermore, probiotic EVs were shown to influence host cells and stimulate the production of IL-1β and IL-8 by the human monocytic cell line THP-1, and, at the same time, did not cause any remarkable reduction in the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae in this invertebrate model commonly used to evaluate microbial EV toxicity. These observations suggest that the EVs produced by the investigated probiotic microorganisms may be promising structures for future use in pro-health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kulig
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surowiec
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woznicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Nie Q, Wan X, Tao H, Yang Q, Zhao X, Liu H, Hu J, Luo Y, Shu T, Geng R, Gu Z, Fan F, Liu Z. Multi-function screening of probiotics to improve oral health and evaluating their efficacy in a rat periodontitis model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1261189. [PMID: 38029238 PMCID: PMC10660970 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1261189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the second most microbially rich region of the human body, and many studies have shown that there is a strong association between microorganisms and oral health. Some pathogenic bacteria produce biofilms and harmful metabolites in the mouth that may cause oral problems such as oral malodor, periodontitis, and dental caries. Altering the oral microbiota by using probiotics may alleviate oral health problems. Thus, using multi-function screening, we aimed to identify probiotics that can significantly improve oral health. The main parameters were the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth, inhibition of biofilm formation, reduction in the production of indole, H2S, and NH3 metabolites that cause halitosis, increase in the production of H2O2 to combat harmful bacteria, and co-aggregation with pathogens to prevent their adhesion and colonization in the oral cavity. Tolerance to cholic acid and choline was also assessed. Bifidobacterium animalis ZK-77, Lactobacillus salivarius ZK-88, and Streptococcus salivarius ZK-102 had antibacterial activity and inhibited biofilm production to prevent caries. They also improved the oral malodor parameter, H2S, NH3, and indole production. The selected probiotics (especially L. salivarius ZK-88) alleviated the inflammation in the oral cavity of rats with periodontitis. The analysis of the gingival crevicular fluid microbiome after probiotic intervention showed that B. animalis ZK-77 likely helped to restore the oral microbiota and maintain the oral microecology. Next, we determined the best prebiotics for each candidate probiotic in order to obtain a formulation with improved effects. We then verified that a probiotics/prebiotic combination (B. animalis ZK-77, L. salivarius ZK-88, and fructooligosaccharides) significantly improved halitosis and teeth color in cats. Using whole-genome sequencing and acute toxicity mouse experiments involving the two probiotics, we found that neither probiotic had virulence genes and they had no significant effects on the growth or development of mice, indicating their safety. Taking the results together, B. animalis ZK-77 and L. salivarius ZK-88 can improve oral health, as verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. This study provides a reference for clinical research and also provides new evidence for the oral health benefits of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Nie
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuchun Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Huayuan Biotechnology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Shu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Geng
- Huayuan Biotechnology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Gu
- Huayuan Biotechnology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fengkai Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Baek DH, Lee SH. Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Human-Derived Streptococcus salivarius on Periodontopathogen-Induced Inflammation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:998-1005. [PMID: 37635315 PMCID: PMC10468666 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2302.02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus salivarius is a beneficial bacterium in oral cavity, and some strains of this bacterium are known to be probiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of S. salivarius G7 lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LTA of periodontopathogens. The surface molecules of S. salivarius G7 was extracted, and single- or co-treated on human monocytic cells with LPS and LTA of periodontopathogens. The induction of cytokine expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and ELISA. After labeling fluorescence on LPS and LTA of periodontopathogens, it was co-treated with S. salivarius LTA to the cell. The bound LPS and LTA were measured by a flow cytometer. Also, the biding assay of the LPS and LTA to CD14 and LPS binding protein (LBP) was performed. The surface molecules of S. salivarius G7 did not induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and S. salivarius G7 LTA inhibited the inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS and LTA of periodontopathogens. S. salivarius G7 LTA inhibited the binding of its LPS and LTA to cells. Also, S. salivarius G7 LTA blocked the binding of its LPS and LTA to CD14 and LBP. S. salivarius G7 has an inhibitory effect on inflammation induced by LPS or LTA of periodontopathogens, and may be a candidate probiotics for prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Heon Baek
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Tagg JR, Harold LK, Jain R, Hale JDF. Beneficial modulation of human health in the oral cavity and beyond using bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance-producing streptococcal probiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1161155. [PMID: 37056747 PMCID: PMC10086258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity contains a diversity of microbial habitats that have been adopted and adapted to as homeland by an amazingly heterogeneous population of microorganisms collectively referred to as the oral microbiota. These microbes generally co-habit in harmonious homeostasis. However, under conditions of imposed stress, as with changes to the host’s physiology or nutritional status, or as a response to foreign microbial or antimicrobial incursions, some components of the oral “microbiome” (viz. the in situ microbiota) may enter a dysbiotic state. This microbiome dysbiosis can manifest in a variety of guises including streptococcal sore throats, dental caries, oral thrush, halitosis and periodontal disease. Most of the strategies currently available for the management or treatment of microbial diseases of the oral cavity focus on the repetitive “broad sweep” and short-term culling of oral microbe populations, hopefully including the perceived principal pathogens. Both physical and chemical techniques are used. However, the application of more focused approaches to the harnessing or elimination of key oral cavity pathogens is now feasible through the use of probiotic strains that are naturally adapted for oral cavity colonization and also are equipped to produce anti-competitor molecules such as the bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (viz BLIS). Some of these probiotics are capable of suppressing the proliferation of a variety of recognized microbial pathogens of the human mouth, thereby assisting with the restoration of oral microbiome homeostasis. BLIS K12 and BLIS M18, the progenitors of the BLIS-producing oral probiotics, are members of the human oral cavity commensal species Streptococcus salivarius. More recently however, a number of other streptococcal and some non-streptococcal candidate oral probiotics have also been promoted. What is becoming increasingly apparent is that the future for oral probiotic applications will probably extend well beyond the attempted limitation of the direct pathological consequences of oral microbiome dysbiosis to also encompass a plethora of systemic diseases and disorders of the human host. The background to and the evolving prospects for the beneficial modulation of the oral microbiome via the application of BLIS-producing S. salivarius probiotics comprises the principal focus of the present review.
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Kiousi DE, Efstathiou C, Tzampazlis V, Plessas S, Panopoulou M, Koffa M, Galanis A. Genetic and phenotypic assessment of the antimicrobial activity of three potential probiotic lactobacilli against human enteropathogenic bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1127256. [PMID: 36844407 PMCID: PMC9944596 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1127256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lactobacilli are avid producers of antimicrobial compounds responsible for their adaptation and survival in microbe-rich matrices. The bactericidal or bacteriostatic ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be exploited for the identification of novel antimicrobial compounds to be incorporated in functional foodstuffs or pharmaceutical supplements. In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus L33, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L125 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SP5, previously isolated form fermented products, were examined, against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Methods The ability of viable cells to inhibit pathogen colonization on HT-29 cell monolayers, as well as their co-aggregation capacity, were examined utilizing the competitive exclusion assay. The antimicrobial activity of cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) was determined against planktonic cells and biofilms, using microbiological assays, confocal microscopy, and gene expression analysis of biofilm formation-related genes. Furthermore, in vitro analysis was supplemented with in silico prediction of bacteriocin clusters and of other loci involved in antimicrobial activity. Results The three lactobacilli were able to limit the viability of planktonic cells of S. aureus and E. coli in suspension. Greater inhibition of biofilm formation was recorded after co-incubation of S. enterica with the CFCS of Lc. paracasei SP5. Predictions based on sequence revealed the ability of strains to produce single or two-peptide Class II bacteriocins, presenting sequence and structural conservation with functional bacteriocins. Discussion The efficiency of the potentially probiotic bacteria to elicit antimicrobial effects presented a strain- and pathogen-specific pattern. Future studies, utilizing multi-omic approaches, will focus on the structural and functional characterization of molecules involved in the recorded phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasilis Tzampazlis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Helmy YA, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Hawwas HAEH, Ghosh S, AlKafaas SS, Moawad MMM, Saied EM, Kassem II, Mawad AMM. Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:274. [PMID: 36830185 PMCID: PMC9952301 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health problems. The imprudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The dissemination of these strains and their resistant determinants could endanger antibiotic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides insights into the evolution and the mechanisms of AMR. Additionally, it discusses alternative approaches that might be used to control AMR, including probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, small molecules, organic acids, essential oils, bacteriophage, fecal transplants, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Hanan Abd El-Halim Hawwas
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Samar Sami AlKafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | | | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30609, USA
| | - Asmaa M. M. Mawad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 42317, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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Trukhan DI, Sulimov AF, Trukhan LY. Changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity in the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): A review. CONSILIUM MEDICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.5.201755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity, which is associated with a wide distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 in the oral cavity, mainly epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, gums and fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament. Thus, the oral mucosa is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may act as a gateway for the virus, as well as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. We searched the literature for the period from the beginning of the pandemic until May 30, 2022, devoted to the study of changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the electronic search engines PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. A special place in the study of changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is occupied by periodontal pathology. A number of reviews and clinical studies conclude the importance of good oral hygiene and periodontal health as an important aspect of COVID-19 prevention and management. Oral probiotics can be considered as a promising direction for correcting changes in organs and tissues of the oral cavity in COVID-19.
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Lin CW, Chen YT, Ho HH, Kuo YW, Lin WY, Chen JF, Lin JH, Liu CR, Lin CH, Yeh YT, Chen CW, Huang YF, Hsu CH, Hsieh PS, Yang SF. Impact of the food grade heat-killed probiotic and postbiotic oral lozenges in oral hygiene. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2221-2238. [PMID: 35236778 PMCID: PMC8954981 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity plays a crucial role in food digestion and immune protection. Thus, maintaining oral health is necessary. Postbiotic and heat-killed probiotic cells have shown increased antibacterial potential with stable viability compared with live strains. However, clinical evidence regarding their effect on oral health is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we tested postbiotic lozenges of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. paracasei ET-66, and L. plantarum LPL28 and heat-killed probiotic lozenges of L. salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32 and L. paracasei ET-66 for their effect on oral health. In total, 75 healthy individuals were blindly and randomly divided into placebo, postbiotic lozenge, and heat-killed probiotic lozenge groups and were administered the respective lozenge type for 4 weeks. Postbiotic and heat-killed probiotic lozenge groups demonstrated antibacterial activities with a considerable increase in L. salivarius in their oral cavity. Furthermore, their salivary immunoglobulin A, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium increased. Subjective questionnaires completed by the participants indicated that participants in both the experimental groups developed better oral health and intestinal conditions than those in the placebo group. Overall, our study revealed that a food additive in the form of an oral postbiotic or heat-killed probiotic lozenge may effectively enhance oral immunity, inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, and increase the numbers of beneficial oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chen
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hung Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ruei Liu
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huei Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Chen
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Hsu
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Hsieh
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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