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Devanathan N, Mukhopadhyay HK, Sihag KK, Terence Nathan A, Chakkaravarthi A, Srinivasan L, Srinivas MV, Vasu J, Shanmugam VP, Rahi M, Devaraju P. Synanthropic rodents and shrews are reservoirs of zoonotic bacterial pathogens and act as sentinels for antimicrobial resistance spillover in the environment: A study from Puducherry, India. One Health 2024; 18:100759. [PMID: 38784598 PMCID: PMC11111835 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern and needs to be monitored for control. In this study, synanthropic rodents trapped from humans and animal habitats in Puducherry, India, were screened as sentinels for bacterial pathogens of public health importance and antimicrobial resistance spillover. From the trapped rodents and shrews (n = 100) pathogens viz., Staphylococcus sp, E. coli and Salmonella sp were isolated from oropharyngeal and rectal swabs on Mannitol salt, Mac Conkey and Xylose lysine deoxycholate media respectively. The AMR genes in these isolates were screened by PCR. A total of 76, S. aureus and 19, Staphylococcus non aureus were isolated. E. coli was isolated in 89 samples and among the Salmonella sp (n = 59), 16, were S. enteritidis and 29, were S. typhimurium. A total of 46 MRSA isolates with mec A (n = 40) and mec C (n = 6) were detected. Also, 36.84% and 5.3% Staphylococcus non aureus isolates were tested to have mec A and mec C genes. AMR genes encoding ESBL [blaTEM in 21, blaSHV in 45 and blaCTX-M in 11] was tested positive in 77 E. coli isolates. Among, Salmonella isolates 44/45 were screened to have AMR genes [tet in 13, sul3 & sul4 in 20 and qnrA in 11]. Antibiotic sensitivity test confirmed the antimicrobial resistance. Isolation of pathogens of public health importance and demonstration of genetic elements conferring antimicrobial resistance in the synanthropic rodents confirms that they act as reservoirs and appropriate sentinels to monitor AMR spillover in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedha Devanathan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Hirak Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sihag
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - A. Terence Nathan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Aravindasamy Chakkaravarthi
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Lakshmy Srinivasan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Mouttou Vivek Srinivas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vasu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Venkatesa Perumal Shanmugam
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- The Director, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
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Abdelrahim SS, Hassuna NA, Waly NGFM, Kotb DN, Abdelhamid H, Zaki S. Coexistence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes among clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Egypt. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:175. [PMID: 38773370 PMCID: PMC11106877 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in P. aeruginosa compared to the Enterobacteriaceae family is limited. The availability of limited therapeutic options raises alarming concerns about the treatment of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. This study aimed to assess the presence of PMQR and ESBL genes among P. aeruginosa strains. METHODS Fifty-six P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 330 patients with different clinical infections. Phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were tested by PCR for the presence of six PMQR genes. Then, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M type ESBL genes were screened to study the co-existence of different resistance determinants. RESULTS Overall, 22/56 (39.3%) of the studied P. aeruginosa isolates were phenotypically resistant to fluoroquinolones. PMQR-producing P. aeruginosa isolates were identified in 20 isolates (90.9%). The acc(6')-Ib-cr was the most prevalent PMQR gene (77.3%). The qnr genes occurred in 72.7%, with the predominance of the qnrA gene at 54.5%, followed by the qnrS gene at 27.3%, then qnrB and qnrC at 22.7%. The qepA was not detected in any isolate. The acc(6')-Ib-cr was associated with qnr genes in 65% of positive PMQR isolates. Significant differences between the fluoroquinolone-resistant and fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates in terms of the antibiotic resistance rates of amikacin, imipenem, and cefepime (P value < 0.0001) were found. The ESBL genes were detected in 52% of cephalosporin-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. The most frequent ESBL gene was blaCTX-M (76.9%), followed by blaTEM (46.2%). No isolates carried the blaSHV gene. The acc(6')-Ib-cr gene showed the highest association with ESBL genes, followed by the qnrA gene. The correlation matrix of the detected PMQR and ESBL genes indicated overall positive correlations. The strongest and most highly significant correlation was between qnrA and acc(6')-Ib-cr (r = 0.602) and between qnrA and blaCTX-M (r = 0.519). CONCLUSION A high prevalence of PMQR genes among the phenotypic fluoroquinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates was detected, with the co-carriage of different PMQR genes. The most frequent PMQR was the acc(6')-Ib-cr gene. Co-existence between PMQR and ESBL genes was found, with 75% of PMQR-positive isolates carrying at least one ESBL gene. A high and significant correlation between the ESBL and PMQR genes was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha S Abdelrahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
| | - Noha A Hassuna
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Nancy G F M Waly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Dalia N Kotb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Haitham Abdelhamid
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Zaki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
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Ferous S, Anastassopoulou C, Pitiriga V, Vrioni G, Tsakris A. Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship of the Novel β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors for Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:285. [PMID: 38534720 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are a major public health threat due to the limited therapeutic options available. The introduction of the new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BL/BLIs) has, however, altered the treatment options for such pathogens. Thus, four new BL/BLI combinations-namely, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, and ceftolozane/tazobactam-have been approved for infections attributed to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nevertheless, although these antimicrobials are increasingly being used in place of other drugs such as polymyxins, their optimal clinical use is still challenging. Furthermore, there is evidence that resistance to these agents might be increasing, so urgent measures should be taken to ensure their continued effectiveness. Therefore, clinical laboratories play an important role in the judicious use of these new antimicrobial combinations by detecting and characterizing carbapenem resistance, resolving the presence and type of carbapenemase production, and accurately determining the minimum inhibitor concentrations (MICs) for BL/BLIs. These three targets must be met to ensure optimal BL/BLIs use and prevent unnecessary exposure that could lead to the development of resistance. At the same time, laboratories must ensure that results are interpreted in a timely manner to avoid delays in appropriate treatment that might be detrimental to patient safety. Thus, we herein present an overview of the indications and current applications of the new antimicrobial combinations and explore the diagnostic limitations regarding both carbapenem resistance detection and the interpretation of MIC results. Moreover, we suggest the use of alternative narrower-spectrum antibiotics based on susceptibility testing and present data regarding the effect of synergies between BL/BLIs and other antimicrobials. Finally, in order to address the absence of a standardized approach to using the novel BL/BLIs, we propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm, which can be modified based on local epidemiological criteria. This framework could also be expanded to incorporate other new antimicrobials, such as cefiderocol, or currently unavailable BL/BLIs such as aztreonam/avibactam and cefepime/taniborbactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Ferous
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Pitiriga
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vrioni
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Alshaikh SA, El-Banna T, Sonbol F, Farghali MH. Correlation between antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence determinants in uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Egyptian hospital. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38402146 PMCID: PMC10894499 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main etiological agent behind community-acquired and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are among the most prevalent human infections. The management of UPEC infections is becoming increasingly difficult owing to multi-drug resistance, biofilm formation, and the possession of an extensive virulence arsenal. This study aims to characterize UPEC isolates in Tanta, Egypt, with regard to their antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic profile, biofilm formation, and virulence, as well as the potential associations among these factors. METHODS One hundred UPEC isolates were obtained from UTI patients in Tanta, Egypt. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production was screened using the double disk synergy test and confirmed with PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the microtiter-plate assay and microscopy-based techniques. The phylogenetic groups of the isolates were determined. The hemolytic activity, motility, siderophore production, and serum resistance of the isolates were also evaluated. The clonal relatedness of the isolates was assessed using ERIC-PCR. RESULTS Isolates displayed elevated resistance to cephalosporins (90-43%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (63%), and ciprofloxacin (53%). Ninety percent of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR)/ extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and 67% produced ESBLs. Notably, there was an inverse correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance, and 31%, 29%, 32%, and 8% of the isolates were strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm producers, respectively. Beta-hemolysis, motility, siderophore production, and serum resistance were detected in 64%, 84%, 65%, and 11% of the isolates, respectively. Siderophore production was correlated to resistance to multiple antibiotics, while hemolysis was more prevalent in susceptible isolates and associated with stronger biofilms. Phylogroups B2 and D predominated, with lower resistance and stronger biofilms in group B2. ERIC-PCR revealed considerable diversity among the isolates. CONCLUSION This research highlights the dissemination of resistance in UPEC in Tanta, Egypt. The evident correlation between biofilm and resistance suggests a resistance cost on bacterial cells; and that isolates with lower resistance may rely on biofilms to enhance their survival. This emphasizes the importance of considering biofilm formation ability during the treatment of UPEC infections to avoid therapeutic failure and/or infection recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Alshaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt.
| | - Tarek El-Banna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sonbol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Farghali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
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Lubwama M, Kateete DP, Katende G, Kigozi E, Orem J, Phipps W, Bwanga F. CTX-M, TEM, and SHV Genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp Isolated from Hematologic Cancer Patients with Bacteremia in Uganda. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:641-653. [PMID: 38384499 PMCID: PMC10878986 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s442646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We determined the phenotypic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, phenotypic extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence, and genotypic prevalence of ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from hematologic cancer patients with febrile neutropenia and bacteremia at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI). Patients and Methods Blood cultures from hematologic cancer patients with febrile neutropenia were processed in BACTEC 9120. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. isolates were identified using conventional biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, phenotypic ESBL characterization, and genotypic characterization of the ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV were determined for pure isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. Results Two hundred and two patients were included in the study. Median age of patients was 19 years (IQR: 10-30 years). Majority (N=119, 59%) were male patients. Sixty (30%) of the participants had at least one febrile episode due to Enterobacteriaceae. Eighty-three organisms were isolated with E. coli being predominant (45, 54%). Seventy-nine (95%) Enterobacteriaceae were multidrug resistant. The ESBL phenotype was detected in 54/73 (74%) of Enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. A higher proportion of Enterobacteriaceae with ESBL-positive phenotype were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam (p=0.024), gentamicin (p=0.000), ciprofloxacin (p=0.000), and cotrimoxazole (p=0.000) compared to Enterobacteriaceae, which were sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins. The organisms were more susceptible to carbapenems and chloramphenicol than resistant. ESBL-encoding genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) were detected in 55 (75%) of the 73 Enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. BlaCTX-M, was the most common ESBL-encoding gene identified with 50 (91%). Conclusion ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a predominant cause of bacteremia in hematologic cancer patients at UCI. The most common ESBL-encoding gene identified in the ESBL-PE was blaCTX-M. Resistance to imipenem and meropenem was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Lubwama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David P Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George Katende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edgar Kigozi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Warren Phipps
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Freddie Bwanga
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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El Maghraby HM, El-Sayed HA, Hussein S, El Azawy DS, Attia O, Orabi EE, Fahmy YA. Detection of phylogrouping, adhesin, and extended spectrum β-lactamases genes in hospital acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:143. [PMID: 38236338 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been interesting to compare the levels of antimicrobial resistance and the virulence characteristics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains of certain phylogenetic groups. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of phylogenetic groups, adhesin genes, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and extended spectrum-lactamases (ESBLs) genes in hospital-acquired UPEC. METHODS After UPEC isolation, the disc diffusion method was used to assess its susceptibility to antibiotics. Combination disc testing confirmed the existence of ESBL producers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect genes for adhesin and ESBLs. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-eight E. coli were isolated which had the highest resistance to tetracycline (96%) followed by cefoxitin (93%), cefepime (92%), ceftazidime (79%), aztreonam (77%) and sulfamethoxazole -trimethoprim (75%). About 57% of isolates were phenotypically ESBLs positive and they were confirmed by PCR. B2 phylogroup (41%) was the most frequent in E. coli isolates then group D (30%), group A (18%), and lastly group B1 (11%). ESBLs genes were more significantly prevalent in phylogroups B2 and D than other phylogroups (P < 0.001). Regarding adhesin genes, both fim H and afa were more significantly associated with group B2 than other groups (P < 0.009, < 0.032), respectively. In ESBL-positive isolates, both genes were more significantly detected compared to negative ones (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Phylogroups B2 and D of UPEC are important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance and adhesion genes. Detection of ESBL-producing E. coli is important for appropriate treatment as well as for effective infection control in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M El Maghraby
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend Abdalla El-Sayed
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Sh El Azawy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Osama Attia
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Elshahat Orabi
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Ahmed Fahmy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Morgaan HA, Omar HMG, Zakaria AS, Mohamed NM. Repurposing carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol as potential anti-quorum sensing agents against uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Alexandria, Egypt. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:300. [PMID: 37872476 PMCID: PMC10591344 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections represent one of the most frequent hospital and community-acquired infections with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the main causative agent. The global increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) UPEC necessitates exploring novel approaches. Repurposing natural products as anti-quorum sensing (QS) agents to impede bacterial virulence is gaining momentum nowadays. Hence, this study investigates the anti-QS potentials of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol against E. coli isolated from urine cultures of Egyptian patients. RESULTS Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 67 E. coli isolates and 94% of the isolates showed MDR phenotype. The usp gene was detected using PCR and accordingly, 45% of the isolates were categorized as UPEC. Phytochemicals, at their sub-inhibitory concentrations, inhibited the swimming and twitching motilities of UPEC isolates, with eugenol showing the highest inhibitory effect. The agents hindered the biofilm-forming ability of the tested isolates, at two temperature sets, 37 and 30 °C, where eugenol succeeded in significantly inhibiting the biofilm formation by > 50% at both investigated temperatures, as compared with untreated controls. The phytochemicals were shown to downregulate the expression of the QS gene (luxS) and critical genes related to motility, asserting their anti-QS potential. Further, the combinatory activity of the phytoproducts with five antibiotics was assessed by checkerboard assay. The addition of the phytoproducts significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics and generated several synergistic or partially synergistic combinations, some of which have not been previously explored. CONCLUSIONS Overall, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol could be repurposed as potential anti-QS agents, which preferentially reduce the QS-based communication and attenuate the cascades of gene expression, thus decreasing the production of virulence factors in UPEC, and eventually, subsiding their pathogenicity. Furthermore, the synergistic combinations of these agents with antibiotics might provide a new perspective to circumvent the side effects brought about by high antibiotic doses, thereby paving the way for overcoming antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A Morgaan
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda M G Omar
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza S Zakaria
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nelly M Mohamed
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Razaq L, Uddin F, Ali S, Abbasi SM, Sohail M, Yousif NE, Abo-Dief HM, El-Bahy ZM. In Vitro Activity of New β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations against blaNDM, blaKPC, and ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriales Uropathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1481. [PMID: 37887182 PMCID: PMC10604030 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in uropathogens has increased substantially and severely affected treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Lately, some new formulations, including meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), and ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) have been introduced to treat infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. This study was designed to screen Enterobacteriales isolates from UTI patients and to assess their antimicrobial resistance pattern, particularly against the mentioned (new) antibiotics. Phenotypic screening of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenem resistance was followed by inhibitor-based assays to detect K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and class D oxacillinases (OXA). Among 289 Enterobacteriales, E. coli (66.4%) was the most predominant pathogen, followed by K. pneumoniae (13.8%) and P. mirabilis (8.3%). The isolates showed higher resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins (70-87%) than to non-β-lactam antimicrobials (33.2-41.5%). NDM production was a common feature among carbapenem-resistant (CR) isolates, followed by KPC and OXA. ESBL producers were susceptible to the tested new antibiotics, but NDM-positive isolates appeared resistant to these combinations. KPC-producers showed resistance to only C/T. ESBLs and carbapenemase encoding genes were located on plasmids and most of the genes were successfully transferred to recipient cells. This study revealed that MEV and CZA had significant activity against ESBL and KPC producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Razaq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Fakhur Uddin
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi 75510, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Shah Muhammad Abbasi
- Department of Main Clinical Laboratory, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Nabila E. Yousif
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.E.Y.); (H.M.A.-D.)
| | - Hala M. Abo-Dief
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.E.Y.); (H.M.A.-D.)
| | - Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
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Din M, Awan MA, Rahman SU, Ali M, Aslam M. Co-existence of bla IMP, bla NDM-1, and bla SHV, genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Quetta: Antimicrobial resistance and clinical significance. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1507-1511. [PMID: 37680816 PMCID: PMC10480708 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.5.7188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Molecular detection and co-presence of carbapenem-resistant genes in the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are less commonly reported from Quetta. In the present study, we determined to highlight the antibiotic sensitivity profile and genetic mechanism of carbapenem resistance. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2018 at the Hi-tech laboratory, Centre for Advance Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Baluchistan, Quetta. Biochemical and molecular methods were ascertained for the recognition of the isolates and minimum inhibitory concentration was performed using E-test and broth microdilution methods. The molecular basis of carbapenemase activity was determined by identifying carbapenemase genes in the isolates. Results Of the (n=23) P. aeruginosa isolated from pus aspirates obtained from surgical/burn units, we have detected blaIMP (n=7/8) 87.5%, blaNDM-1 (n=5/8) 62.5%, and blaSHV (n=4/8) 50%. The co-existence of multiple antibiotic-resistant genes, blaIMP, blaNDM-1 and blaSHV was found in (n=2/8) 25% isolates. These isolates displayed resistance against a range of antimicrobials from β-lactams, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, quinolones, monobactams, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides, phosphoric acid, macrolides, and polypeptide groups, suggesting extensive-drug resistance. Conclusion The emergence of MBL and ESBL producers is an alarming threat in the region. It is of great importance to determine the resistance mechanism of bacterial bugs. The lack of new antimicrobials particularly against gram-negative bacteria is quite alarming worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Din
- Mohammad Din, PhD Department of Pathology, Bolan Medical College/Complex Hospital Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Arif Awan
- Mohammad Arif Awan, PhD CASVAB, University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sadeeq ur Rahman
- Sadeeq-ur-Rahman, PhD Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary, Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Mohammad Ali, PhD CASVAB, University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Momina Aslam
- Momina Aslam, M.Phil Department of Pathology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan
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10
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Abdelraheem WM, Mahdi WKM, Abuelela IS, Hassuna NA. High incidence of fosfomycin-resistant uropathogenic E. coli among children. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:475. [PMID: 37460976 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few epidemiological or molecular data on Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains resistant to fosfomycin. In this study, we described the occurrence and characterization of fosfomycin-resistant uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 96 E. coli isolates obtained from children with urinary tract infections. Two methods were performed to detect fosfomycin resistance: The agar dilution method and the rapid fosfomycin test. The disc diffusion method was done to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all isolates. The phylogenetic grouping of all isolates was done according to the modified Clermont method. Conventional PCR was performed to detect plasmid-mediated fosfomycin-resistant genes (fos genes) and the blaCTX-M gene. RESULTS Analyses of data were performed by SPSS software. A high percentage of fosfomycin resistance (37/96; 38.5%) was reported among UPEC isolates. The fosfomycin-resistant strains showed a higher resistance rate than fosfomycin-susceptible isolates to different antibiotics. E group (62.2%) was the most predominant phylogenetic group among the fosfomycin-resistant UPEC isolates, followed by Group B2 (21.6%) and group D (13.5%). The fos genes were detected in 21 isolates with the fosA3 gene as the most frequent, which was detected in 11 isolates followed by fosA (8), fosC2 (4), fosA4(1), and fosA5(1) genes. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a high prevalence of plasmid-mediated fosfomycin-resistant UPEC in Egypt. All of these isolates were multidrug-resistant to the tested antibiotics. Close monitoring of such strains is mandatory to prevent widespread dissemination of the genes code for antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad M Abdelraheem
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - W K M Mahdi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ibtehal S Abuelela
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Noha Anwar Hassuna
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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11
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Saeed MA, Saqlain M, Waheed U, Ehtisham-Ul-Haque S, Khan AU, Rehman AU, Sajid M, Atif FA, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Cross-Sectional Study for Detection and Risk Factor Analysis of ESBL-Producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Associated with Backyard Chickens in Pakistan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050934. [PMID: 37237837 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in backyard chicken farming in Pakistan is of serious concern. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factors associated with ESBL avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolated from backyard chickens in the Jhang district, Punjab, Pakistan. In total, 320 cloacal swabs were collected from four breeds of backyard chicken (Aseel, Golden, Misri and Necked Neck). ESBL E. coli were phenotypically identified using double disc synergy test (DDST) and corresponding genes were confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). Out of the 320 samples, 164 (51.3%) were confirmed as E. coli, while 74 (45.1%) were characterized as ESBL E. coli. The frequency of isolation of ESBL E. coli was highest in Aseel chickens (35.1%). Of the 164 confirmed E. coli, 95.1%, 78.6%, 76.8%, 71.3%, 70.1%, 68.9%, 60.4% and 57.3% were resistant against tylosin, doxycycline, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, colistin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, respectively. The ESBL gene types detected and their corresponding proportions were blaCTX-M (54.1 %, 40/74), blaTEM, (12.2%, 9/74) and co-existence (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) were shown in 33.8% (25/74). The blaCTX-M gene sequence showed homology to blaCTX-M-15 from clinical isolates. The mean multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was found to be higher among ESBL E. coli (0.25) when compared to non-ESBL E. coli (0.17). Both free-range husbandry management system (p = 0.02, OR: 30.00, 95% CI = 1.47-611.79) and high antimicrobial usage in the last 6 months (p = 0.01, OR: 25.17, 95% CI = 1.81-348.71) were found significantly associated with isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in the tested samples using binary logistic regression analysis. This study confirmed the potential of backyard chickens as a reservoir for ESBL E. coli in the Jhang district, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Saeed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ehtisham-Ul-Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Ahmad Atif
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 35516, Egypt
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12
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Patel MA, Pandey A, Patel AC, Patel SS, Chauhan HC, Shrimali MD, Patel PA, Mohapatra SK, Chandel BS. Whole genome sequencing and characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from poultry farms in Banaskantha, India. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:996214. [PMID: 36312963 PMCID: PMC9614321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli constitutes an emerging global health issue, with animal food products contributing as potential reservoirs. ESBL E. coli infection is associated with the high mortality and mobility rate in developing countries due to less susceptibility to antibiotics. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics and sequence-based analysis of ESBL E. coli in the Gujarat state of India. This study included 108 E. coli strains were isolated from different poultry farms (broiler and layer) in the Banaskantha District. PCR was employed to identify genotypic ESBL-producing antimicrobial resistance genes. Overall, a high occurrence of ESBL genes was found in poultry farms due to the high usage of antimicrobials. The PCR analysis revealed that 79.62% of isolates were detected positive with one or more ESBL genes. Among them, blaTEM (63.88%) was found to be the predominant genotype, followed by blaSHV (30.55%) and blaOXA (28.70%). In the blaCTX-M group, a higher occurrence was observed in blaCTX-M-9 (23.14%), followed by blaCTX-M-2 (24.07%) and blaCTX-M-1 (22.22%). We used the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) method to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), plasmid replicons, and plasmid-mediated AMR genes of one ESBL E. coli isolated. We examined the genetic relatedness of a human pathogenic E. coli strain by comparing its sequence with the broad geographical reference E. coli sequences. Escherichia coli ST 681 was determined using multi-locus sequence typing. We compared our findings to the reference sequence of Escherichia coli str. K- 12 substr. MG1655. We found 24,937 SNPs with 21,792 in the genic region, 3,145 in the intergenic region, and six InDels across the genome. The WGS analysis revealed 46 antimicrobial resistance genes and seven plasmid-mediated AMR genes viz., tetA, qnrS1, dfrA14, sul2, aph(3”)-lb, aph(6)-ld, and Aph(3’)-la. The ST 681 was found to have Cib, traT, and terC virulence factors and two plasmid replicons, IncFII(pHN7A8) and IncI1-I(Alpha). This study revealed a higher occurrence of ESBL E. coli detected in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul A. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, India
- *Correspondence: Mitul A. Patel,
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Dental College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, India
| | - A. C. Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - S. S. Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - H. C. Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - M. D. Shrimali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - Pankaj A. Patel
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - S. K. Mohapatra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - B. S. Chandel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
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Abbasi E, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Common Etiological Agents in Adult Patients with Gastroenteritis from Central Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:1043-1055. [PMID: 36130139 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study represents the first analysis from Iran for both the frequency of the most common causes of infectious diarrhoea and their antibiotic resistance patterns in adult patients. Methods: Adult stool specimens (n = 211) were analyzed. Stool specimens were analyzed using standard microbiological, polymerase chain reaction, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests to identify bacterial, parasitic, and viral enteropathogens. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. Results: Enteropathogens were identified in 46.4% (98/211) of the surveyed samples. This included 33.1% (70/211) bacterial infections, including 9.9% (21/211) diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and 8.5% (18/211) Shigella spp. We detected 7.1% (15/211) parasitic infections (mostly Giardia lamblia) and 6.1% (13/211) viral infections (mostly adenovirus). The DEC and Shigella spp. isolates included many multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates (95.2% and 77.7%, respectively), and extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were often present (57.1% and 61.1%, respectively). The most commonly identified ESBL genes in the DEC and Shigella spp. isolates were blaTEM (100% in both species), blaCTX-M15 (91.6% and 100%, respectively), AmpC blaCIT (80% and 100%, respectively), and blaDHA (80% and 100%, respectively). Conclusions: Bacterial infection was the primary cause of infectious diarrhea, affecting one-third of the adults. The frequency of DEC and Shigella spp. was higher than for other enteropathogens. The high prevalence of MDR, the elevated incidence of ESBL genes among Shigella spp. and DEC isolates, and the presence of quinolone resistance in the Salmonella spp. isolates represent a significant challenge for gastroenteritis diagnosis and treatment in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Department, BioMérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Mohamed NM, Zakaria AS, Edward EA. Genomic Characterization of International High-Risk Clone ST410 Escherichia coli Co-Harboring ESBL-Encoding Genes and blaNDM-5 on IncFIA/IncFIB/IncFII/IncQ1 Multireplicon Plasmid and Carrying a Chromosome-Borne blaCMY-2 from Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081031. [PMID: 36009900 PMCID: PMC9405272 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accelerated dispersion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC enzymes has been noted in Egypt, presenting a serious treatment challenge. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC enzymes among 48 E. coli isolates collected from patients with urinary tract infections admitted to a teaching hospital in Alexandria. Phenotypic and genotypic methods of detection are conducted. Isolates producing both enzymes are tested for the mobilization of their genes by a broth mating experiment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is performed for isolate EC13655. The results indicate that 80% of the isolates are MDR, among which 52% and 13% were ESBL and AmpC producers, respectively. Conjugation experiments fail to show the mobilization of blaCMY-2 in EC13655, which was chosen for WGS. In silico analysis reveals that the isolate belongs to a ST410-H24Rx high-risk clone. It coharbors the ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, and blaOXA-1 on an IncFIA/IncFIB/IncFII/IncQ1 multireplicon plasmid. The chromosomal location of blaCMY-2 is detected with a flanking upstream copy of ISEcp1. This chromosomal integration of blaCMY-2 establishes the stable maintenance of the gene and thus, necessitates an imperative local surveillance to reduce further spread of such strains in different clinical settings.
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Genomic Analysis of Antibiotics Resistance in Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081013. [PMID: 36009882 PMCID: PMC9404759 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Sonola VS, Katakweba A, Misinzo G, Matee MI. Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Rodents, Humans, Chicken, and Household Soils in Karatu, Northern Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095388. [PMID: 35564782 PMCID: PMC9102629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of rodents with humans and chicken in the household environment can facilitate transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli), causing infections that are difficult to treat. We investigated the presence of genes encoded for carbapenem, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), tetracycline and quinolones resistance, and virulence among 50 MDR E. coli isolated from human (n = 14), chicken (n = 12), rodent (n = 10), and soil (n = 14) samples using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Overall, the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) detected were: blaTEM 23/50 (46%), blaCTX-M 13/50 (26%), tetA 23/50 (46%), tetB 7/50 (14%), qnrA 12/50 (24%), qnrB 4/50 (8%), blaOXA-48 6/50 (12%), and blaKPC 3/50 (6%), while blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaNDM-1 were not found. The virulence genes (VGs) found were: ompA 36/50 (72%), traT 13/50 (26%), east 9/50 (18%), bfp 5/50 (10%), eae 1/50 (2%), and stx-1 2/50 (4%), while hlyA and cnf genes were not detected. Resistance (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, tetA, tetB, and qnrA) and virulence (traT) genes were found in all sample sources while stx-1 and eae were only found in chicken and rodent isolates, respectively. Tetracycline resistance phenotypes correlated with genotypes tetA (r = 0.94), tetB (r = 0.90), blaKPC (r = 0.90; blaOXA-48 (r = 0.89), and qnrA (r = 0.96). ESBL resistance was correlated with genotypes blaKPC (r = 0.93), blaOXA-48 (r = 0.90), and qnrA (r = 0.96) resistance. Positive correlations were observed between resistance and virulence genes: qnrB and bfp (r = 0.63) also blaTEM, and traT (r = 0.51). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that tetA, tetB, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrA, and qnrB genes contributed to tetracycline, cefotaxime, and quinolone resistance, respectively. While traT stx-1, bfp, ompA, east, and eae genes contributed to virulence of MDR E. coli isolates. The PCA ellipses show that isolates from rodents had more ARGs and virulence genes compared to those isolated from chicken, soil, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Silvery Sonola
- Department of Wildlife Management, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Tourism, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3073, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- Livestock Training Agency (LITA), Buhuri Campus, P.O. Box 1483, Tanga 21206, Tanzania
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development (ACE-IRPM & BTD), Pest Management Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdul Katakweba
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development (ACE-IRPM & BTD), Pest Management Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- Institute of Pest Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
| | - Mecky Isaac Matee
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam 11103, Tanzania
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Ma H, Lai B, Zan C, Di X, Zhu X, Wang K. GLO1 Contributes to the Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Through Inducing PER Type of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1573-1586. [PMID: 35414749 PMCID: PMC8995003 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s358578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli-associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) issue so far needs urgent considerations. This study aims to screen the potent genes associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in drug-resistant Escherichia coli and elucidate the specific drug-resistant mechanism. Methods Clinical ESBLs-EC samples were obtained based on the microbial identification, and the whole genome was sequenced. In combination with the significantly enriched pathways, several differently expressed genes were screened and verified by RT-PCR. Furthermore, through knocking out glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) gene and transfecting overexpressed plasmids, the potential relationship between GLO1 and ESBLs was then investigated. Lastly, the concentrations of β-lactamases in bacteria and supernatant from different groups were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results After successful isolation and identification of ESBLs-EC, the whole genome and eighteen differential metabolic pathways were analyzed to select differently expressed genes, including add, deoD, guaD, speG, GLO1, VNN1, etc. RT-PCR results showed that there were no differences in these genes between the standard bacteria and susceptible Escherichia coli. Remarkably, the relative levels of four genes including speG, Hdac10, GLO1 and Ppcdc were significantly increased in ESBLs-EC in comparison with susceptible strains, whereas other gene expression was decreased. Further experiments utilizing gene knockout and overexpression strains confirmed the role of GLO1. At last, a total of 10 subtypes of β-lactamases were studied using ELISA, including BES-, CTX-M1-, CTX-M2-, OXA1-, OXA2-, OXA10-, PER-, SHV-, TEM-, and VEB-ESBLs, and results demonstrated that GLO1 gene expression only affected PER-β-lactamases but had no effects on other β-lactamases. Conclusion SpeG, Hdac10, GLO1 and Ppcdc might be associated with the drug-resistant mechanism of Escherichia coli. Of note, this study firstly addressed the role of GLO1 in the drug resistance of ESBLs-EC, and this effect may be mediated by increasing PER-β-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Zan
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinran Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130042, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Wang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130042, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Gu Q, Sun M, Lin T, Zhang Y, Wei X, Wu S, Zhang S, Pang R, Wang J, Ding Y, Liu Z, Chen L, Chen W, Lin X, Zhang J, Chen M, Xue L, Wu Q. Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment System Using Metagenomics and Culturing. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:798442. [PMID: 35273579 PMCID: PMC8902363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may directly threaten human health. This study used a metagenomic approach to investigate the ARG profile in a drinking water treatment system (DWTS) in south China. In total, 317 ARG subtypes were detected; specifically, genes encoding bacitracin, multidrug, and sulfonamide were widely detected in the DWTS. Putative ARG hosts included Acidovorax (6.0%), Polynucleobacter (4.3%), Pseudomonas (3.4%), Escherichia (1.7%), and Klebsiella (1.5%) as the enriched biomarkers in the DWTS, which mainly carried bacitracin, beta-lactam, and aminoglycoside ARGs. From a further analysis of ARG-carrying contigs (ACCs), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common pathogens among the 49 ACC pathogens in the DWTS. The metagenomic binning results demonstrated that 33 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were discovered in the DWTS; particularly, the MAG identified as S. maltophilia-like (bin.195) harbored the greatest number of ARG subtypes (n = 8), namely, multidrug (n = 6; smeD, semE, multidrug_transporter, mexE, semB, and smeC), beta-lactam (n = 1; metallo-beta-lactamase), and aminoglycoside [n = 1; aph(3’)-IIb]. The strong positive correlation between MGEs and ARG subtypes revealed a high ARG dissemination risk in the DWTS. Based on the pure-culture method, 93 isolates that belong to 30 genera were recovered from the DWTS. Specifically, multidrug-resistant pathogens and opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and S. maltophilia were detected in the DWTS. These insights into the DWTS’s antibiotic resistome indicated the need for more comprehensive ARG monitoring and management in the DWTS. Furthermore, more effective disinfection methods need to be developed to remove ARGs in DWTSs, and these findings could assist governing bodies in the surveillance of antibiotic resistance in DWTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Mostafa SH, Saleh SE, Hamed SM, Aboshanab KM. Febrile illness of bacterial etiology in a public fever hospital in Egypt: High burden of multidrug resistance and WHO priority Gram negative pathogens. Germs 2022; 12:75-85. [PMID: 35601951 PMCID: PMC9113693 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contemporary emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) urges regular updates on circulating pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. We aimed to identify the burden of MDR and World Health Organization (WHO) priority Gram negative pathogens among patients admitted with febrile illness to Abbassia Fever Hospital, a major Public Fever Hospital in Egypt. The carbapenemase- and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-encoding genes carried by the isolates were also identified. METHODS A total of 9602 clinical specimens were collected from febrile patients during 2018 and 2019. The recovered bacterial isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion test. Susceptibility to colistin was tested using E-test. ESBLs production was phenotypically and genotypically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 790 bacterial isolates (612 Gram negative and 178 Gram positive) were recovered. A percentage of 77.6%, and 62.9% of the Gram negative and positive isolates showed MDR phenotype, respectively. WHO priority pathogens were abundant, including carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacterales (105/187; 56.1%) and CR glucose non-fermenters (82/187; 43.8%) such as: A. baumannii (55; 29.4%), P. aeruginosa (27; 14.4%). Carbapenemase- and ESBLs-encoding genes were detected in 56.1% and 30.8% of Enterobacterales and in 43.8% and 46.3% of glucose non-fermenters, respectively. Antimicrobials such as fosfomycin and chloramphenicol retained good activities against MDR Gram negative pathogens. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the regional burden of MDR and priority Gram negative pathogens. The obtained data are of relevant medical importance for implementation of evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship programs and for tailoring the existing empirical treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa H. Mostafa
- BSc, MSc, Microbiology Lab Department, Abassia Fever Hospital, P.O. Box: 11517, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarra E. Saleh
- BSc, MSc, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., P.O. Box: 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira M. Hamed
- BSc, MSc, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, P.O. Box: 12451, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- BSc, MSc, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., P.O. Box: 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Characterization of virulence determinants and phylogenetic background of multiple and extensively drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical sources in Egypt. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1279-1298. [PMID: 35050388 PMCID: PMC8816750 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Escherichia coli is a multifaceted microbe since some are commensals, normally inhabiting the gut of both humans and animals while others are pathogenic responsible for a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. It is one of the leading causes of septicemia, neonatal meningitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cystitis, pyelonephritis, and traveler’s diarrhea. The present study aims to survey the distribution and unravel the association of phylotypes, virulence determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Egypt. One hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical sources. Antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence determinants, and virulence encoding genes were detected. Moreover, phylogenetic and molecular typing using ERIC-PCR analysis was performed. Our results have revealed that phylogroup B2 (26.67%) with the greatest content in virulence traits was the most prevalent phylogenetic group. Different virulence profiles and varying incidence of virulence determinants were detected among tested isolates. High rates of resistance to different categories of antimicrobial agents, dramatic increase of MDR (92.67%), and emergence of XDR (4%) were detected. ERIC-PCR analysis revealed great diversity among tested isolates. There was no clustering of isolates according to resistance, virulence patterns, or phylotypes. Our research has demonstrated significant phylogenetic diversity of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. E. coli isolates are equipped with various virulence factors which contribute to their pathogenesis in human. The elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of MDR and XDR mirror the trend detected globally in recent years. Key points • Clinical E. coli isolates exhibited substantial molecular and phylogenetic diversity. • Elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR in pathogenic E. coli. • B2 Phylogroup with the highest VS was the most prevalent among pathogenic E. coli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x.
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