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Kang HM, Kim KR, Kim G, Lee DG, Kim YJ, Choi EH, Lee J, Yun KW. Antimicrobial resistance genes harbored in invasive Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolated from Korean children during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic periods, 2015-2020. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1410997. [PMID: 39027135 PMCID: PMC11254764 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1410997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has emerged as one of the most challenging pathogens worldwide, causing invasive infections in the critically ill patients due to their ability to rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to analyze antibiotic resistance genes harbored in AB and non-baumannii Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (NB-ACB) complex causing invasive diseases in Korean children. Methods ACB complexes isolated from sterile body fluid of children in three referral hospitals were prospectively collected. Colistin susceptibility was additionally tested via broth microdilution. Whole genome sequencing was performed and antibiotic resistance genes were analyzed. Results During January 2015 to December 2020, a total of 67 ACB complexes were isolated from sterile body fluid of children in three referral hospitals. The median age of the patients was 0.6 (interquartile range, 0.1-7.2) years old. Among all the isolates, 73.1% (n=49) were confirmed as AB and others as NB-ACB complex by whole genome sequencing. Among the AB isolates, only 22.4% susceptible to carbapenem. In particular, all clonal complex (CC) 92 AB (n=33) showed multi-drug resistance, whereas 31.3% in non-CC92 AB (n=16) (P<0.001). NB-ACB showed 100% susceptibility to all classes of antibiotics except 3rd generation cephalosporin (72.2%). The main mechanism of carbapenem resistance in AB was the bla oxa23 gene with ISAba1 insertion sequence upstream. Presence of pmr gene and/or mutation of lpxA/C gene were not correlated with the phenotype of colistin resistance of ACB. All AB and NB-ACB isolates carried the abe and ade multidrug efflux pumps. Conclusions In conclusion, monitoring and research for resistome in ACB complex is needed to identify and manage drug-resistant AB, particularly CC92 AB carrying the bla oxa23 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mi Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ran Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-gun Lee
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hossain S, Rafi RH, Ripa FA, Khan MRI, Hosen ME, Molla MKI, Faruqe MO, Al-Bari MAA, Das S. Modulating the antibacterial effect of the existing antibiotics along with repurposing drug metformin. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:190. [PMID: 38519821 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the extensive prevalence of resistant bacteria to numerous antibiotic classes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a well-known hazard to world health. As an alternate approach in the field of antimicrobial drug discovery, repurposing the available medications which are also called antibiotic resistance breakers has been pursued for the treatment of infections with antimicrobial resistance pathogens. In this study, we used Haloperidol, Metformin and Hydroxychloroquine as repurposing drugs in in vitro (Antibacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration-MIC) and in vivo (Shigellosis in Swiss albino mice) tests in combination with traditional antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin, Doxycycline, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, and Penicillin) against a group of AMR resistance bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella boydii). After observing the results of the conducted in vitro experiments we studied the effects of the above non antibiotic drugs in combination with the said antibiotics. As an repurposing adjuvant antibiotic drug, Metformin exhibited noteworthy activity in almost all in vitro, in vivo and in silico tests (Zone of inhibition for 30 to 43 mm for E.coli in combination with Doxycycline; MIC value decreased 50 µM to 0.781 µM with Doxycycline on S. boydii).In rodents Doxycycline and Metformin showed prominent against Shigellosis in White blood cell count (6.47 ± 0.152 thousand/mm3) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (10.5 ± 1.73 mm/hr). Our findings indicated that Metformin and Doxycycline combination has a crucial impact on Shigellosis. The molecular docking study was performed targeting the Acriflavine resistance protein B (AcrB) (PDB ID: 4CDI) and MexA protein (PDB ID: 6IOK) protein with Metformin (met8) drug which showed the highest binding energy with - 6.4 kcal/mol and - 5.5 kcal/mol respectively. Further, molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the docked complexes were relatively stable during the 100 ns simulation period. This study suggest Metformin and other experimented drugs can be used as adjuvants boost up antibiosis but further study is needed to find out the safety and efficacy of this non-antibiotic drug as potent antibiotic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Somlal Das
- University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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3
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Eshboev F, Mamadalieva N, Nazarov PA, Hussain H, Katanaev V, Egamberdieva D, Azimova S. Antimicrobial Action Mechanisms of Natural Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Microorganisms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:271. [PMID: 38534706 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, especially in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance. This urgent issue requires the continuous exploration and development of new antimicrobial drugs. In this regard, the secondary metabolites derived from endophytic microorganisms stand out as promising sources for finding antimicrobials. Endophytic microorganisms, residing within the internal tissues of plants, have demonstrated the capacity to produce diverse bioactive compounds with substantial pharmacological potential. Therefore, numerous new antimicrobial compounds have been isolated from endophytes, particularly from endophytic fungi and actinomycetes. However, only a limited number of these compounds have been subjected to comprehensive studies regarding their mechanisms of action against bacterial cells. Furthermore, the investigation of their effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for synthesizing these secondary metabolites have been conducted for only a subset of these promising compounds. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research findings, this review describes the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs and secondary metabolites isolated from endophytes, antibacterial activities of the natural compounds derived from endophytes against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytic fungi responsible for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhod Eshboev
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- School of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr Street 1, Mirzo Ulugbek District, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Nilufar Mamadalieva
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- School of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr Street 1, Mirzo Ulugbek District, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Pavel A Nazarov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Vladimir Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Shakhnoz Azimova
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
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Steiner LX, Wiese J, Rahn T, Borchert E, Slaby BM, Hentschel U. Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea, displays features of a sponge-associated life style. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:56. [PMID: 38489089 PMCID: PMC10942906 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (termed Hal144T) was isolated from the marine breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Sponge material was collected in 2018 at Schilksee which is located in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea, Germany). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length Hal144T 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed similarities from 94.3 to 96.6% to the nearest type strains of the genus Maribacter. The phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequences depicted a cluster of strain Hal144T with its closest relatives Maribacter aestuarii GY20T (96.6%) and Maribacter thermophilus HT7-2T (96.3%). Genome phylogeny showed that Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T branched from a cluster consisting of Maribacter arenosus, Maribacter luteus, and Maribacter polysiphoniae. Genome comparisons of strain Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T with Maribacter sp. type strains exhibited average nucleotide identities in the range of 75-76% and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values in the range of 13.1-13.4%. Compared to the next related type strains, strain Hal144T revealed unique genomic features such as phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system pathway, serine-glyoxylate cycle, lipid A 3-O-deacylase, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, enrichment of pseudogenes and of genes involved in cell wall and envelope biogenesis, indicating an adaptation to the host. Strain Hal144T was determined to be Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, flexirubin positive, resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, and able to utilize N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. Optimal growth occurred at 25-30 °C, within a salinity range of 2-6% sea salt, and a pH range between 5 and 8. The major fatty acids identified were C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0, and iso-C15:1 G. The DNA G + C content of strain Hal144T was 41.4 mol%. Based on the polyphasic approach, strain Hal144T represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, and we propose the name Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov. The type strain is Hal144T (= DSM 114563T = LMG 32744T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon X Steiner
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RU Marine Ecology, RD3 Marine Symbioses, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutta Wiese
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RU Marine Ecology, RD3 Marine Symbioses, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Tanja Rahn
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RU Marine Ecology, RD3 Marine Symbioses, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Erik Borchert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RU Marine Ecology, RD3 Marine Symbioses, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate M Slaby
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RU Marine Ecology, RD3 Marine Symbioses, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RU Marine Ecology, RD3 Marine Symbioses, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-University (CAU) of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kavanaugh LG, Mahoney AR, Dey D, Wuest WM, Conn GL. Di-berberine conjugates as chemical probes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexXY-OprM efflux function and inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.24.533986. [PMID: 37425949 PMCID: PMC10327050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.533986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pump superfamily is pervasive among Gram-negative pathogens and contributes extensively to clinical antibiotic resistance. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains 12 RND-type efflux systems, with four contributing to resistance including MexXY-OprM which is uniquely able to export aminoglycosides. At the site of initial substrate recognition, small molecule probes of the inner membrane transporter (e.g., MexY) have potential as important functional tools to understand substrate selectivity and a foundation for developing adjuvant efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Here, we optimized the scaffold of berberine, a known but weak MexY EPI, using an in-silico high-throughput screen to identify di-berberine conjugates with enhanced synergistic action with aminoglycosides. Further, docking and molecular dynamics simulations of di-berberine conjugates reveal unique contact residues and thus sensitivities of MexY from distinct P. aeruginosa strains. This work thereby reveals di-berberine conjugates to be useful probes of MexY transporter function and potential leads for EPI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan G. Kavanaugh
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Debayan Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Graeme L. Conn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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6
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Cherif J, Raddaoui A, Trabelsi M, Souissi N. Diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation induces fluoroquinolone resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1971-1977. [PMID: 37436698 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2232016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The crisis of antibiotic resistance has been attributed to the overuse or misuse of these medications. However, exposure of bacteria to physical stresses such as X-ray radiation, can also lead to the development of resistance to antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation on the bacterial response to antibiotics in two pathogenic bacteria, including the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Salmonella enteritidis. METHODS The bacterial strains were exposed to diagnostic X-ray doses of 5 and 10 mGy, which are equivalent to the doses delivered to patients during conventional radiography X-ray examinations in accordance with the European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images. Following exposure to X-ray radiation, the samples were used to estimate bacterial growth dynamics and perform antibiotic susceptibility tests. RESULTS The results indicate that exposure to diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation increased the number of viable bacterial colonies of both Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis and caused a significant change in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. For instance, in Staphylococcus aureus, the diameter of the inhibition zones for marbofloxacin decreased from 29.66 mm before irradiation to 7 mm after irradiation. A significant decrease in the inhibition zone was also observed for penicillin. In the case of Salmonella enteritidis, the diameter of the inhibition zone for marbofloxacin was 29 mm in unexposed bacteria but decreased to 15.66 mm after exposure to 10 mGy of X-ray radiation. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the inhibition zone was detected for amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC). CONCLUSION It is concluded that exposure to diagnostic X-ray radiation can significantly alter bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. This irradiation decreased the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone and β-lactam antibiotics. Specifically, low-dose X-rays made Staphylococcus aureus resistant to marbofloxacin and increased its resistance to penicillin. Similarly, Salmonella Enteritidis became resistant to both marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and showed reduced sensitivity to amoxicillin and AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouhra Cherif
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Trabelsi
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nada Souissi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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7
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Ferrand A, Vergalli J, Bosi C, Pantel A, Pagès JM, Davin-Regli A. Contribution of efflux and mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility in MDR enterobacterial isolates: a quantitative and molecular study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:1532-1542. [PMID: 37104818 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The emergence of MDR strains is a public health problem in the management of associated infections. Several resistance mechanisms are present, and antibiotic efflux is often found at the same time as enzyme resistance and/or target mutations. However, in the laboratory routinely, only the latter two are identified and the prevalence of antibiotic expulsion is underestimated, causing a misinterpretation of the bacterial resistance phenotype. The development of a diagnostic system to quantify the efflux routinely would thus improve the management of patients. METHODS A quantitative technique based on detection of clinically used fluoroquinolones was investigated in Enterobacteriaceae clinical strains with a high or basal efflux activity. The detail of efflux involvement was studied from MIC determination and antibiotic accumulation inside bacteria. WGS was carried out on selected strains to determine the genetic background associated with efflux expression. RESULTS Only 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate exhibited a lack of efflux whereas 13 isolates had a basal efflux and 8 presented efflux pump overexpression. The antibiotic accumulation evidenced the efficacy of the efflux mechanism in strains, and the contribution of dynamic expulsion versus target mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide is not a reliable marker of efflux due to the affinity of the AcrB efflux pump for different substrates. We have developed an accumulation test that can be used efficiently on clinical isolates collected by the biological laboratory. The experimental conditions and protocols ensure a robust assay that with improvements in practice, expertise and equipment could be transferred to the hospital laboratory to diagnose the contribution of efflux in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ferrand
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Vergalli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Bosi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier d'Aubagne, Aubagne, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Université Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Davin-Regli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
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Barbu IC, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Grigore GA, Vrancianu CO, Chifiriuc MC. Antimicrobial Resistance in Romania: Updates on Gram-Negative ESCAPE Pathogens in the Clinical, Veterinary, and Aquatic Sectors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7892. [PMID: 37175597 PMCID: PMC10178704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and members of the Enterobacterales order are a challenging multi-sectorial and global threat, being listed by the WHO in the priority list of pathogens requiring the urgent discovery and development of therapeutic strategies. We present here an overview of the antibiotic resistance profiles and epidemiology of Gram-negative pathogens listed in the ESCAPE group circulating in Romania. The review starts with a discussion of the mechanisms and clinical significance of Gram-negative bacteria, the most frequent genetic determinants of resistance, and then summarizes and discusses the epidemiological studies reported for A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacterales-resistant strains circulating in Romania, both in hospital and veterinary settings and mirrored in the aquatic environment. The Romanian landscape of Gram-negative pathogens included in the ESCAPE list reveals that all significant, clinically relevant, globally spread antibiotic resistance genes and carrying platforms are well established in different geographical areas of Romania and have already been disseminated beyond clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Alexandra Grigore
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
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Al-Shamiri MM, Wang J, Zhang S, Li P, Odhiambo WO, Chen Y, Han B, Yang E, Xun M, Han L, Han S. Probiotic Lactobacillus Species and Their Biosurfactants Eliminate Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm in Various Manners. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0461422. [PMID: 36920192 PMCID: PMC10100725 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04614-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical biofilm-forming pathogen that has presented great challenges in the clinic due to multidrug resistance. Thus, new methods of intervention are needed to control biofilm-associated infections. In this study, among three tested Lactobacillus species, Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed significant antimaturation and antiadherence effects against A. baumannii biofilm. Lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were the most effective antibiofilm biosurfactants (BSs) produced by L. rhamnosus. This antibiofilm phenomenon produced by LA and AA was due to the strong bactericidal effect, which worked from very early time points, as determined by colony enumeration and confocal laser scanning microscope. The cell destruction of A. baumannii appeared in both the cell envelope and cytoplasm. A discontinuous cell envelope, the leakage of cell contents, and the increased extracellular activity of ATPase demonstrated the disruption of the cell membrane by LA and AA. These effects also demonstrated the occurrence of protein lysis. In addition, bacterial DNA interacted with and was damaged by LA and AA, resulting in significantly reduced expression of biofilm and DNA repair genes. The results highlight the possibility and importance of using probiotics in clinical prevention. Probiotics can be utilized as novel biocides to block and decrease biofilm formation and microbial contamination in medical equipment and during the treatment of infections. IMPORTANCE A. baumannii biofilm is a significant virulence factor that causes the biofilm colonization of invasive illnesses. Rising bacterial resistance to synthetic antimicrobials has prompted researchers to look at natural alternatives, such as probiotics and their derivatives. In this study, L. rhamnosus and its BSs (LA and AA) demonstrated remarkable antibiofilm and antimicrobial characteristics, with a significant inhibitory effect on A. baumannii. These effects were achieved by several mechanisms, including the disruption of the cell envelope membrane, protein lysis, reduced expression of biofilm-related genes, and destruction of bacterial DNA. The results provide support for the possibility of using probiotics and their derivatives in the clinical prevention and therapy of A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Al-Shamiri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingdan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Pu Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanjiong Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Bei Han
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - E. Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Xun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaoshan Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump Mediated Resistance to Carbapenems among Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AcrAB-TolC is a resistance nodulation division type of efflux pump present in Enterobacteriaceae. It non-specifically effluxes antibiotics out of the bacterial cell, thus conferring drug resistance. Increase in the expression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump increases resistance to antibiotics. We aimed to study the expression levels of acrA and acrB that encodes AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, to understand efflux pump mediated resistance to carbapenem among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae obtained from various clinical samples. Additionally, co -production of carbapenemase was also detected in the isolates demonstrating efflux pump mediated resistance to carbapenems. A total of 127 carbapenem resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. An efflux pump inhibition (EPI) assay with reserpine, an efflux pump inhibitor, was performed to screen for isolates exhibiting efflux pump activity. Real Time Reverse Transcriptase qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA over expression levels of acrA and acrB that encodes AcrAB-TolC efflux pump. The control strains K. pneumoniae BAA2146 and E. coli AcrB were used. EPI assay with carbapenem showed that 56 /127(44%) isolates were screen positive indicating efflux pump activity. A total of 12 isolates showed 101 to 107 increase in the expression of both acrA and acrB when compared with the controls indicating a strong efflux pump activity, in addition to producing carbapenemase. The study highlights the role of efflux pump AcrAB-TolC in conferring resistance to carbapenem among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.
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Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061239. [PMID: 35744757 PMCID: PMC9228545 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono- or multi-species cultures of bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms. Biofilm formation is, among others, regulated by quorum sensing (QS) which is an interbacterial communication system usually composed of two-component systems (TCSs) of secreted autoinducer compounds that activate signal transduction pathways through interaction with their respective receptors. Embedded in the biofilms, the bacteria are protected from environmental stress stimuli, and they often show reduced responses to antibiotics, making it difficult to eradicate the bacterial infection. Besides reduced penetration of antibiotics through the intricate structure of the biofilms, the sessile biofilm-embedded bacteria show reduced metabolic activity making them intrinsically less sensitive to antibiotics. Moreover, they frequently express elevated levels of efflux pumps that extrude antibiotics, thereby reducing their intracellular levels. Some efflux pumps are involved in the secretion of QS compounds and biofilm-related materials, besides being important for removing toxic substances from the bacteria. Some efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been shown to both prevent biofilm formation and sensitize the bacteria to antibiotics, suggesting a relationship between these processes. Additionally, QS inhibitors or quenchers may affect antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, targeting elements that regulate QS and biofilm formation might be a promising approach to combat antibiotic-resistant biofilm-related bacterial infections.
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Evasion of Antimicrobial Activity in Acinetobacter baumannii by Target Site Modifications: An Effective Resistance Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126582. [PMID: 35743027 PMCID: PMC9223528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes multiple infections that can become severe, mainly in hospitalized patients. Its high ability to persist on abiotic surfaces and to resist stressors, together with its high genomic plasticity, make it a remarkable pathogen. Currently, the isolation of strains with high antimicrobial resistance profiles has gained relevance, which complicates patient treatment and prognosis. This resistance capacity is generated by various mechanisms, including the modification of the target site where antimicrobial action is directed. This mechanism is mainly generated by genetic mutations and contributes to resistance against a wide variety of antimicrobials, such as β-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, among others, including polymyxin resistance, which includes colistin, a rescue antimicrobial used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of A. baumannii and other Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a detailed and up-to-date description of antimicrobial resistance mediated by the target site modification in A. baumannii, as well as to detail the therapeutic options available to fight infections caused by this bacterium.
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The Structural and Functional Study of Efflux Pumps Belonging to the RND Transporters Family from Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040429. [PMID: 35453181 PMCID: PMC9030541 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Schweizer L, Ramirez D, Schweizer F. Effects of Lysine N-ζ-Methylation in Ultrashort Tetrabasic Lipopeptides (UTBLPs) on the Potentiation of Rifampicin, Novobiocin, and Niclosamide in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030335. [PMID: 35326798 PMCID: PMC8963254 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane (OM) drug impermeability typically associated with a molecular weight above 600 Da and high hydrophobicity prevents accumulation of many antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Previous studies have shown that ultrashort tetrabasic lipopeptides (UTBLPs) containing multiple lysine residues potentiate Gram-positive bacteria (GPB)-selective antibiotics in GNB by enhancing OM permeability. However, there is no available information on how N-substitution at the ζ-position of lysine in UTBLPs affects antibiotic potentiation in GNB. To study these effects, we prepared a series of branched and linear UTBLPs that differ in the degree of N-ζ-methylation and studied their potentiating effects with GPB-selective antibiotics including rifampicin, novobiocin, niclosamide, and chloramphenicol against wild-type and multidrug-resistant GNB isolates. Our results show that increasing N-ζ-methylation reduces or abolishes the potentiating effects of UTBLPs with rifampicin, novobiocin, and niclosamide against GNB. No trend was observed with chloramphenicol that is largely affected by efflux. We were unable to observe a correlation between the strength of the antibiotic potentiating effect to the increase in fluorescence in the 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) OM permeability assay suggesting that other factors besides OM permeability of NPN play a role in antibiotic potentiation. In conclusion, our study has elucidated crucial structure–activity relationships for the optimization of polybasic antibiotic potentiators in GNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Schweizer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Danyel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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