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Gallas JA, Pelozo LL, Corona SAM, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Sousa-Neto MD, Souza-Gabriel AE. Effect of pomegranate solution alone or combined with chlorhexidine against oral multispecies biofilm. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 39126293 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Natural bioactive products have been tested as alternative antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the effect of Punica granatum extract (PGE) on oral multispecies biofilms. METHODOLOGY Lyophilized extracts from pomegranate peel were prepared, and the punicalagin content was assessed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Oral multispecies biofilms from 2 donors were grown on four collagen-coated hydroxyapatite discs. After incubation for 7 days or 3 weeks, the biofilms were exposed to water (control), 2% CHX, 10% PGE, 20% PGE or 30% PGE for 3 min. The proportions of dead bacteria were assessed by the live/dead staining and confocal microscopy. After the analysis, the best PGE concentration (30%) was combined with CHX. The experimental phases were repeated using water, 2% CHX, 30% PGE and 30% PGE + 2% CHX. Five random areas of the biofilm on each disc were scanned, resulting in 20 scanned areas for each group. RESULTS Regarding the biofilm volume, no differences were found amongst solutions (p = .111). The PGE solution killed bacteria effectively in 1-week, 2-week and 3-week-old-plaque biofilms, ranging from 37 to 55.3%, depending on the PGE concentration. The 30% PGE (a) (p = .0009) had greater antibiofilm effectiveness than 2% CHX (b), which killed bacteria in the 25.2 to 48.7% range. The 10% and 20% PGE had intermediate values (ab), without significant differences from 30% PGE (p = 1.002). Water (c) had the lowest proportion of dead bacteria (p < .00001) in a range of 5 to 6.7% and lower effectiveness in killing bacteria (p < .05). The PGE alone or mixed with 2% CHX had greater anti-biofilm effectiveness than CHX (p < .05). The old plaque biofilms were more resistant than the 7-day-old plaque (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The 30% PGE (alone or combined with CHX) exhibited a greater antibiofilm effect on oral multispecies biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite discs than 2% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gallas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L L Pelozo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A M Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A E Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernandes ES, da Silva Figueiredo IF, Monteiro CRAV, Monteiro-Neto V. Antimicrobial and Anti-Infective Activity of Natural Products-Gaining Knowledge from Novel Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1051. [PMID: 37370369 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of antimicrobial drugs in the last centuries, antimicrobial resistance has consistently raised in the last decades, compromising their effectiveness. Novel antimicrobial compounds, especially from natural sources, including plants, microorganisms, and animals, have since become a growing area of research. In this context, studies covering the investigation of their ability to combat resistant microorganisms, either by neutralization or inactivation of pathogen resistance mechanisms and virulence properties, have gained attention. Herein, a collection of 19 manuscripts focused on the antimicrobial and anti-infective activity of natural products, including their mechanisms of action, in silico evidence of antimicrobial activity, synergistic associations with antibiotics, and other aspects, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu No 333, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1632, Curitiba 80240-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabella F da Silva Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu No 333, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Cinara R A V Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses No 1966, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís 65085-040, MA, Brazil
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses No 1966, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís 65085-040, MA, Brazil
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Fernandes GL, Vieira APM, Danelon M, Emerenciano NG, Berretta AA, Buszinski AFM, Hori JI, de Lima MHF, dos Reis TF, de Lima JA, Delbem ACB, da Silva SCM, Barbosa DB. Pomegranate Extract Potentiates the Anti-Demineralizing, Anti-Biofilm, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Non-Alcoholic Mouthwash When Associated with Sodium-Fluoride Trimetaphosphate. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1477. [PMID: 36358132 PMCID: PMC9686636 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-caries and anti-inflammatory effects of mouthwash formulations containing Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract (PPE), sodium-trimetaphosphate, and low concentrations of fluoride. PPE was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (ellagic acid and punicalagin). Total phenolics were quantified among formulations, and their stability was analyzed for 28 days. The formulation effects were evaluated as follows: (1) inorganic component concentration and reduced demineralization on bovine enamel blocks subjected to pH cycling; (2) anti-biofilm effect on dual-biofilms of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 treated for 1 and 10 min, respectively; and (3) cytotoxicity and production of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). The formulation containing 3% PPE, 0.3% sodium-trimetaphosphate, and 225 ppm of fluoride resulted in a 34.5% surface hardness loss; a 13% (treated for 1 min) and 36% (treated for 10 min) biofilm reduction in S. mutans; a 26% (1 min) and 36% (10 min) biofilm reduction in C. albicans; absence of cytotoxicity; and anti-inflammatory activity confirmed by decreased interleukin-6 production in mouse macrophages. Thus, our results provide a promising prospect for the development of an alcohol-free commercial dental product with the health benefits of P. granatum that have been recognized for a millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lopes Fernandes
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Miranda Vieira
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto—UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto 14096-039, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara Gonçalves Emerenciano
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Issa Hori
- Apis Flora Industrial and Comercial Ltd. Ribeirão Preto 14020-670, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila Fernanda dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Barros Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
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da Silva AF, Farias JR, Franco DCG, Galiza AA, Motta EP, Oliveira ADS, Vasconcelos CC, Cartágenes MDSDS, da Rocha CQ, da Silva MCP, Lopes AJO, do Nascimento FRF, Monteiro CA, Guerra RNM. Anti- Candida albicans Activity of Ononin and Other Secondary Metabolites from Platonia Insignis MART. Metabolites 2022; 12:1014. [PMID: 36355097 PMCID: PMC9696916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a human pathogen that is part of the healthy microbiome. However, it is often associated with opportunistic fungal infections. The treatment of these infections is challenging because prolonged exposure to antifungal drugs can culminate in fungal resistance during therapy, and there is a limited number of available drugs. Therefore, this study investigated the antifungal activity of ononin by in silico and in vitro assays, and in Tenebrio molitor as an alternative in vivo model of infection caused by C. albicans. Ononin is an isoflavone glycoside derived from formononetin that has various biological activities. According in silico evaluation, ononin showed the best electron affinity in molecular docking with CaCYP51, with a binding free energy of -10.89 kcal/mol, superior to that of the antifungal drugs fluconazole and posaconazole. The ononin + CaCYP51 complex formed hydrogen bonds with Tyr132, Ser378, Phe380, and Met508, as well as hydrophobic connections with Tyr118, Leu121, Phe126, Leu131, Ile304, and Leu309, and interactions with the heme group. Ononin exerted anti-Candida albicans activity, with MIC between 3.9 and 7.8 µg/mL, and inhibited young and mature biofilms, with a reduction in cell density and metabolic activity of 50 to 80%. The compound was not cytotoxic to sheep red blood cells at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL. Larvae of the mealworm T. molitor were used as an alternative in vivo model of C. albicans infection. Ononin was able to prolong larval survival at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg, and was not toxic up to a concentration of 20 mg/kg. Moreover, ononin reduced the fungal charge in treated animals. In conclusion, our results suggest that ononin has anti-Candida albicans activity and is a potential candidate for the development of new therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson França da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Josivan Regis Farias
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristine Gomes Franco
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Andrea Araruna Galiza
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Elizangela Pestana Motta
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Aluísio da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Socorro de Sousa Cartágenes
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Study of Pain, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Mayara Cristina Pinto da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Alberto Jorge Oliveira Lopes
- Federal Institute of Science Education and Technology of Maranhão-Campus Santa Inês, Santa Inês 65300-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia Raquel Fernandes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Cristina Andrade Monteiro
- Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Science Education and Technology of Maranhão, São Luís 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra
- Laboratory of Immunophysiolgy, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
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Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Bixa orellana and Its Component Ellagic Acid Exert Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties against Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060817. [PMID: 35740223 PMCID: PMC9220277 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense (Mabs) causes chronic infections, which has led to the need for new antimycobacterial agents. In this study, we investigated the antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of Bixa orellana leaves (BoEA) and ellagic acid (ElAc). In silico analysis predicted that ElAc had low toxicity, was not mutagenic or carcinogenic, and had antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Apparently, ElAc can interact with COX2 and Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzymes, which could explain both activities. In vitro analysis showed that BoEA and ElAc exerted antimicrobial activity against Mabs (minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.56, 1.56 mg/mL and bactericidal concentration of 6.25, 3.12 mg/mL, respectively. Clarithromycin showed MIC and MBC of 1 and 6 µg/mL). Treatment with BoEA or ElAc increased survival of Tenebrio molitor larvae after lethal infection with Mabs and reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, around 40% of edema volume after the fourth hour, similarly to diclofenac. In conclusion, BoEA and ElAc exert antimicrobial effects against Mabs and have anti-inflammatory effects, making them potential sources of antimycobacterial drugs. The biological activities of ElAc may be due to its high binding affinities predicted for COX2 and DHFR enzymes.
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