1
|
Nukaly HY, Aljuhani RA, Alhartani MM, Alhindi YZ, Asif U, Alshanberi AM, Alsanosi SM. Knowledge of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2024; 15:501-512. [PMID: 38835809 PMCID: PMC11149621 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s462490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) has placed great importance on providing thorough, hands-on training to medical students regarding responsible and appropriate antibiotic prescription. Accordingly, this study aims to gain a better perspective on the knowledge of antibiotic use and resistance among medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 1 September to 30 November 2023. The categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the outcomes, and generalised linear regression models were constructed to predict the students' knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance. Results The study included a total of 353 medical students. First-year medical students represented 28.60% of the participants, while females represented 76.80%. Most participants (92.40%) agreed that antibiotics are effective against bacteria, whereas only 25.20% agreed about antibiotics' effectiveness against viruses. More than half of the participants (53.80%) believed that bacterial infections can be resolved without antibiotics. A significant majority (78.20%) agreed that the unnecessary use of antibiotics makes them less effective. More than half of the participants (56.90%) acknowledged that infections caused by resistant bacteria are increasing in Saudi Arabia, and two-thirds (75.10%) believed that healthcare workers could effectively reduce antibiotic resistance in Saudi Arabia. Male students had low knowledge about antibiotics [Beta = -1.429, 95% CI (-2.618, -0.241), P value = 0.019]. Conclusion Improving the curriculum by incorporating topics like resistance mechanisms and responsible antibiotic usage can address the knowledge gap among male students. This comprehensive training, utilizing various educational methods, is essential for fostering responsible antibiotic practices among future healthcare professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houriah Y Nukaly
- General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad A Aljuhani
- General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahinar M Alhartani
- General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra Z Alhindi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uzma Asif
- General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim M Alshanberi
- General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa M Alsanosi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mudenda S, Matafwali SK, Mukosha M, Daka V, Chabalenge B, Chizimu J, Yamba K, Mufwambi W, Banda P, Chisha P, Mulenga F, Phiri M, Mfune RL, Kasanga M, Sartelli M, Saleem Z, Godman B. Antifungal resistance and stewardship: a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among pharmacy students at the University of Zambia; findings and implications. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad141. [PMID: 38130703 PMCID: PMC10733812 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antifungal resistance (AFR) is a growing global public health concern. Little is currently known about knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding AFR and antifungal stewardship (AFS) in Zambia, and across the globe. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a study through a questionnaire design starting with pharmacy students as they include the next generation of healthcare professionals. Methods A cross-sectional study among 412 pharmacy students from June 2023 to July 2023 using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine key factors of influence. Results Of the 412 participants, 55.8% were female, with 81.6% aged between 18 and 25 years. Most students had good knowledge (85.9%) and positive attitudes (86.7%) but sub-optimal practices (65.8%) towards AFR and AFS. Overall, 30.2% of students accessed antifungals without a prescription. Male students were less likely to report a good knowledge of AFR (adjusted OR, AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.98). Similarly, students residing in urban areas were less likely to report a positive attitude (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.91). Fourth-year students were also less likely to report good practices compared with second-year students (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.85). Conclusions Good knowledge and positive attitudes must translate into good practices toward AFR and AFS going forward. Consequently, there is a need to provide educational interventions where students have low scores regarding AFR and AFS. In addition, there is a need to implement strategies to reduce inappropriate dispensing of antifungals, especially without a prescription, to reduce AFR in Zambia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola PO Box 71191, Zambia
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka PO Box 31890, Zambia
| | - Joseph Chizimu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kaunda Yamba
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Patrick Banda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Patience Chisha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Florence Mulenga
- Conservation Department, World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF Zambia Country Office), Lusaka PO Box 50551, Zambia
| | - McLawrence Phiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Maina Soko Medical Center, Woodlands, Lusaka PO Box 320091, Zambia
| | - Ruth Lindizyani Mfune
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Maisa Kasanga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | | | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Brian Godman
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Skosana P, Mudenda S, Demana PH, Witika BA. Exploring Nanotechnology as a Strategy to Circumvent Antimicrobial Resistance in Bone and Joint Infections. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15865-15882. [PMID: 37179611 PMCID: PMC10173345 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone and joint infections (BJIs) are difficult to treat, necessitating antimicrobial therapy at high doses for an extended period of time, in some cases different from our local guidelines. As a consequence of the rise in antimicrobial-resistant organisms, drugs that were previously reserved for last-line defense are now being used as first line treatment, and the pill burden and adverse effects on patients are leading to nonadherence, encouraging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to these last-resort medicines. Nanodrug delivery is the field of pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery which combines nanotechnology with chemotherapy and/or diagnostics to improve treatment and diagnostic outcomes by targeting specific cells or tissues affected. Delivery systems based on lipids, polymers, metals, and sugars have been used in an attempt to provide a way around AMR. This technology has the potential to improve drug delivery by targeting the site of infection and using the appropriate amount of antibiotics to treat BJIs caused by highly resistant organisms. This Review aims to provide an in-depth examination of various nanodrug delivery systems used to target the causative agents in BJI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phumzile
P. Skosana
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Patrick H. Demana
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baddal B, Lajunen TJ, Sullman MJM. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding antibiotics use among Cypriot university students: a multi-disciplinary survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:847. [PMID: 36476280 PMCID: PMC9730643 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotics among students studying medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy at the Near East University in Northern Cyprus. The influence of personality characteristics on antibiotic use were also evaluated, in order to identify predictors of antibiotic misuse. METHODS Students were enrolled in the study during the 2020-2021 academic year. Study participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire that measured their knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) towards antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. The KAP of students from the three faculties were compared using Kruskall-Wallis H statistics, Mann-Whitney U statistics, and Spearman's rho. The influence of personality traits on the propensity to use antibiotics without a prescription, as well as their attitudes and knowledge of antibiotic use and misuse, were also investigated. RESULTS In total, 314 students completed the survey, 52% of which were female. The mean age of the students was 20.5 years. The results showed that among the different disciplines, medical students were significantly more knowledgeable about pharmacological agents, compared to dentistry and pharmacy students, while pharmacy students were more knowledgeable about the effectiveness of antibiotics against different pathogenic microorganisms. All student groups were aware of how antibiotic resistance develops and their role as healthcare personnel in implementing measures against resistance. Appropriate antibiotic use among the student community correlated with study year, highlighting the importance of knowledge and education in the prevention of antibiotic resistance. Personality traits were found to be a contributing factor in students' tendency to use antibiotics without a prescription. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the importance of conveying knowledge about antimicrobials in the education programmes of future dentists, pharmacists and physicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buket Baddal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, 99138 Cyprus
| | - Timo Juhani Lajunen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7012 Norway
| | - Mark J. M. Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, 2417 Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|