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Mahmoud AG, Sousa SA, Guedes da Silva MFC, Martins LMDRS, Leitão JH. Antimicrobial Activity of Water-Soluble Silver Complexes Bearing C-Scorpionate Ligands. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:647. [PMID: 39061329 PMCID: PMC11273918 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel hydrosoluble silver coordination polymer [Ag(NO3)(μ-1κN;2κN',N″-TPMOH)]n (1) (TPMOH = tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanol) was obtained and characterized. While single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compound 1 disclosed an infinite 1D helical chain structure in the solid state, NMR analysis in polar solvents confirmed the mononuclear nature of compound 1 in solution. Compound 1 and the analogue [Ag(μ-1κN;2κN',N″-TPMS)]n (2) (TPMS = tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane sulfonate) were evaluated with regard to their antimicrobial activities towards the Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia contaminans, the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungal species Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Compound 1 exhibited minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 2 to 7.7 µg/mL towards the tested Gram-negative bacteria, 18 µg/mL towards the Gram-positive S. aureus, and 15 and 31 µg/mL towards C. albicans and C. glabrata, respectively. Compound 2 was less effective towards the tested bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 15 to 19.6 µg/mL towards the Gram-negative bacteria and 51 µg/mL towards S. aureus; however, it was more effective against C. albicans and C. glabrata, with MIC values of about 6 µg/mL towards these fungal species. The toxicity of compounds 1 and 2 was assessed by evaluating the survival of the Caenorhabditis elegans model organism to concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. The value of 50% lethality (LD50) could only be estimated as 73.2 µg/mL for compound 1 at 72 h, otherwise LD50 was >100 µg/mL for both compounds 1 and 2. These results indicate compounds 1 and 2 as novel silver complexes with interesting antimicrobial properties towards bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah G. Mahmoud
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Sílvia A. Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering (DBE), Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), The Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge H. Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering (DBE), Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), The Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Antitumoral and Antimicrobial Activities of Block Copolymer Micelles Containing Gold Bisdithiolate Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020564. [PMID: 36839886 PMCID: PMC9964654 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold(III) bisdithiolate complexes have been reported as potential antimicrobial and antitumoral agents. The complex [Au(cdc)2]- (cdc=cyanodithioimido carbonate) displayed antimicrobial and outstanding antitumor activity against the ovarian cancer cells A2780 and A2780cisR, which are sensitive and resistant to cisplatin, respectively. However, poor water solubility may hamper its clinical use. Block copolymer micelles (BCMs) may solubilize hydrophobic drugs, improving their bioavailability and circulation time in blood. Aiming to provide water solubility, prolonged availability, and enhanced therapeutic indexes, BCMs loaded with [Au(cdc)2]- were synthesized and characterized. The BCM-[Au(cdc)2] micelles were prepared with a loading efficiency of 64.6% and a loading content of 35.3 mg [Au(cdc)2]-/gBCM. A hydrodynamic diameter of 77.31 ± 27.00 nm and a low polydispersity index of 0.18 indicated that the micelles were homogenous and good candidates for drug delivery. Cytotoxic activity studies against A2780/A2780cisR cells showed that BCM-[Au(cdc)2] maintained relevant cytotoxic activity comparable to the cytotoxicity observed for the same concentration of gold complexes. The Au uptake in A2780 cells, determined by PIXE, was ca. 17% higher for BCMs-[Au(cdc)2] compared to [Au(cdc)2]-. The BCMs-[Au(cdc)2] presented antimicrobial activity against S. aureus Newman and C. glabrata CBS138. These results evidenced the potential of BCM-[Au(cdc)2] for drug delivery and its promising anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
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