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Lomiya MAE, Raguvaran R, Mondal D, Dosar S, Nair SS, Jitha KR, Chandni AR, Thakur NS, Yadav N, Jambagi K. Mitigating antimicrobial resistance, an approach to stewardship in canine urinary tract infection. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10387-z. [PMID: 38647986 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria is common in dogs leading to serious health impact in pet animal as well as on human health. Understanding the prevalent uropathogens and their drug susceptibility is essential for limiting the antimicrobial resistance through implementation of stewardship policies. In view of this, present study was envisaged to determine the prevalent bacterial uropathogens and their antibiogram from clinical cases of canine UTI. Urine samples were collected from 35 dogs presented with clinical signs of UTI and a total of 27 bacterial isolates were recovered. Among that Escherichia coli was the most predominant isolate followed by Klebsiella aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus sp. and Citrobacter freundii. All isolates were found resistant to one or more 1st line antibiotics recommended by consensus guidelines and 70% of total isolates showed multidrug resistance. Additionally, this study evaluated the weightage of empirical therapy as per the consensus guidelines over antimicrobial susceptibility test guided treatment. Dogs with uncomplicated UTI were selected and categorized into three different groups (n = 6). Group 1 was treated with common empirical choice amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and dogs showed susceptible to ciprofloxacin were kept in Group 2 and treated with ciprofloxacin along with urinary alkalizer disodium hydrogen citrate. Nitrofurantoin susceptible cases were kept in Group 3 and treated with a combination of nitrofurantoin and urinary acidifier ammonium chloride. Therapeutic outcome was evaluated and success rate was higher in Group 2 and 3 than Group 1 suggested that selection of antibiotics with the use of local or institutional antibiogram data is more considerate than acknowledged international guidelines in the existing situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ensha Lomiya
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Raguvaran
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivangi Dosar
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K R Jitha
- Division of Public Health, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A R Chandni
- Division of Public Health, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navjot Singh Thakur
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayani Yadav
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaveri Jambagi
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rodrigues IC, Ribeiro-Almeida M, Ribeiro J, Silveira L, Prata JC, Pista A, Martins da Costa P. Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Resulting from the Selective Pressure of Antibiotics: A Comprehensive Analysis of ESBL K. pneumoniae and MRSP Isolated in a Dog with Rhinorrhea. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050326. [PMID: 37235409 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of public health concerns, much greater scrutiny is now placed on antibiotic use in pets, especially for antimicrobial agents that have human analogs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from nasal swabs samples taken from a one-year-old male Serra da Estrela dog with rhinorrhea that was treated with amikacin. An extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in the first sample taken from the left nasal cavity of the dog. Seven days later, methicillin-resistant (MRSP) Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was also isolated. Nevertheless, no alterations to the therapeutic protocol were performed. Once the inhibitory action of the antibiotic disappeared, the competitive advantage of the amikacin-resistant MRSP was lost, and only commensal flora was observed on both nasal cavities. The genotypic profile of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae revealed the same characteristics and close relation to other strains, mainly from Estonia, Slovakia and Romania. Regarding MRSP isolates, although resistance to aminoglycosides was present in the first MRSP, the second isolate carried aac(6')-aph(2″), which enhanced its resistance to amikacin. However, the veterinary action was focused on the treatment of the primary agent (ESBL K. pneumoniae), and the antibiotic applied was according to its phenotypic profile, which may have led to the resolution of the infectious process. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of targeted therapy, proper clinical practice and laboratory-hospital communication to safeguard animal, human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Rodrigues
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ribeiro-Almeida
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ribeiro
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-609 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana C Prata
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Angela Pista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-609 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Antibiotic Use in Veterinary. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111539. [DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of antibiotics in the 1930s, the form and philosophy of their use has changed considerably [...]
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