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Anuwar AHK, Ng CW, Safii SH, Saub R, Ab-Murat N. Modelling the national economic burden of non-surgical periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia using a markov model. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38500175 PMCID: PMC10949624 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-surgical periodontal treatment is the mainstay of periodontal treatment. In Malaysia, the prevalence of periodontal disease is substantial among adults with almost half of them having periodontitis. Therefore, we estimated the economic burden of non-surgical periodontal treatment in specialist clinics in Malaysia. METHODS Relevant data from multiple data sources which include national oral health and health surveys, national census, extensive systematic literature reviews, as well as discussion with experts, were used to estimate the economic burden of non-surgical periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia in 2020. This estimation was done from the oral healthcare provider's perspective in both public and private sectors using an irreducible Markov model of 3-month cycle length over a time horizon of one year. RESULTS In 2020, the national economic burden of non-surgical periodontal treatment during the first year of periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia was MYR 696 million (USD 166 million), ranging from MYR 471 million (USD 112 million) to MYR 922 million (USD 220 million). Of these, a total of MYR 485 million (USD 115 million) and MYR 211 million (USD 50 million) were the direct oral healthcare cost in public and private dental clinics, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrated substantial economic burden of non-surgical periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia. Being a life-long disease, these findings highlight the importance of enforcing primary and secondary preventive measures. On the strength and reliability of this economic evidence, this study provides vital information to inform policy- and decision-making regarding the future direction of managing periodontitis in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chiu Wan Ng
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Syarida Hasnur Safii
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Roslan Saub
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norintan Ab-Murat
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Li J, Wang Y, Tang M, Zhang C, Fei Y, Li M, Li M, Gui S, Guo J. New insights into nanotherapeutics for periodontitis: a triple concerto of antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation and periodontium regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:19. [PMID: 38178140 PMCID: PMC10768271 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the local microbiome and the host immune response, resulting in periodontal structure damage and even tooth loss. Scaling and root planning combined with antibiotics are the conventional means of nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis, but they are insufficient to fully heal periodontitis due to intractable bacterial attachment and drug resistance. Novel and effective therapeutic options in clinical drug therapy remain scarce. Nanotherapeutics achieve stable cell targeting, oral retention and smart release by great flexibility in changing the chemical composition or physical characteristics of nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the protectiveness and high surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles enable high drug loading, ensuring a remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the combination of advanced nanoparticles and novel therapeutic strategies is the most active research area in periodontitis treatment. In this review, we first introduce the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and then summarize the state-of-the-art nanotherapeutic strategies based on the triple concerto of antibacterial activity, immunomodulation and periodontium regeneration, particularly focusing on the therapeutic mechanism and ingenious design of nanomedicines. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nano therapy for periodontitis are discussed from the perspective of current treatment problems and future development trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Maomao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yachen Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
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