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Pulsrikarn C, Kedsin A, Boueroy P, Chopjitt P, Hatrongjit R, Chansiripornchai P, Suanpairintr N, Nuanualsuwan S. Quantitative Risk Assessment of Susceptible and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella from Retail Pork in Chiang Mai Province in Northern Thailand. Foods 2022; 11:2942. [PMID: 36230018 PMCID: PMC9562186 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse human health effects as a result of antimicrobial resistance have been recognized worldwide. Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses while antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Salmonella has been isolated from foods of animal origin. The quantitative risk assessment (RA) as part of the guidelines for the risk analysis of foodborne antimicrobial resistance was issued by the Codex Alimentarius Commission more than a decade ago. However, only two risk assessments reported the human health effects of AMR Salmonella in dry-cured pork sausage and pork mince. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the adverse health effects attributable to consuming retail pork contaminated with Salmonella using risk assessment models. The sampling frame covered pork at the fresh market (n = 100) and modern trade where pork is refrigerated (n = 50) in Chiang Mai province in northern Thailand. The predictive microbiology models were used in the steps where data were lacking. Susceptible and quinolone-resistant (QR) Salmonella were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the presence of AMR genes. The probability of mortality conditional to foodborne illness by susceptible Salmonella was modeled as the hazard characterization of susceptible and QR Salmonella. For QR Salmonella, the probabilistic prevalences from the fresh market and modern trade were 28.4 and 1.9%, respectively; the mean concentrations from the fresh market and modern trade were 346 and 0.02 colony forming units/g, respectively. The probability of illness (PI) and probability of mortality given illness (PMI) from QR Salmonella-contaminated pork at retails in Chiang Mai province were in the range of 2.2 × 10-8-3.1 × 10-4 and 3.9 × 10-10-5.4 × 10-6, respectively, while those from susceptible Salmonella contaminated-pork at retails were in the range 1.8 × 10-4-3.2 × 10-4 and 2.3 × 10-7-4.2 × 10-7, respectively. After 1000 iterations of Monte Carlo simulations of the risk assessment models, the annual mortality rates for QR salmonellosis simulated by the risk assessment models were in the range of 0-32, which is in line with the AMR adverse health effects previously reported. Therefore, the risk assessment models used in both exposure assessment and hazard characterization were applicable to evaluate the adverse health effects of AMR Salmonella spp. in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Pulsrikarn
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kedsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Chansiripornchai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nipattra Suanpairintr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Chakriswaran P, Vincent DR, Kadry S. Ensemble of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Estimation Using Topic Modeling and Similarity Measure. INT J UNCERTAIN FUZZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218488522400207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) analyses becomes a hot study topic. The AMR comprises information related to the antibiotic product name, class name, subclass name, type, subtype, gene type, etc., which can fight against the illness. However, the tagging language used to determine the data is of free context. These contexts often contain ambiguous data, which leads to a hugely challenging issue in retrieving, organizing, merging, and finding the relevant data. Manually reading this text and labelling is not time-consuming. Hence, topic modeling overcomes these challenges and provides efficient results in categorizing the topic and in determining the data. In this view, this research work designs an ensemble of artificial intelligence for categorizing the AMR gene data and determine the relationship between the antibiotics. The proposed model includes a weighted voting based ensemble model by the incorporation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Networks (HRNN), shows the novelty of the work. It is used for determining the amount of “topics” that cluster utilizing a multidimensional scaling approach. In addition, the proposed model involves the data pre-processing stage to get rid of stop words, punctuations, lower casing, etc. Moreover, an explanatory data analysis uses word cloud which assures the proper functionality and to proceed with the model training process. Besides, three approaches namely perplexity, Harmonic mean, and Random initialization of K are employed to determine the number of topics. For experimental validation, an openly accessible Bacterial AMR reference gene database is employed. The experimental results reported that the perplexity provided the optimal number of topics from the AMR gene data of more than 6500 samples. Therefore, the proposed model helps to find the appropriate antibiotic for bacterial and viral spread and discover how to increase the proper antibiotic in human bodies
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chakriswaran
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durai Raj Vincent
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- Department of Applied Data Science, Noroff University College, Norway
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A Prediction Method for Animal-Derived Drug Resistance Trend Using a Grey-BP Neural Network Combination Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060692. [PMID: 34207795 PMCID: PMC8228373 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing drug resistance of animal-derived pathogens, seriously posing a huge threat to the health of animals and humans. Traditional drug resistance testing methods are expensive, have low efficiency, and are time-consuming, making it difficult to evaluate overall drug resistance. To develop a better approach to detect drug resistance, a small sample of Escherichia coli resistance data from 2003 to 2014 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province was used, and multiple regression interpolation was applied to impute missing data based on the time series. Next, cluster analysis was used to classify anti-E. coli drugs. According to the classification results, a GM(1,1)-BP model was selected to analyze the changes in the drug resistance of E. coli, and a drug resistance prediction system was constructed based on the GM(1,1)-BP Neural Network model. The GM(1,1)-BP Neural Network model showed a good prediction effect using a small sample of drug resistance data, with a determination coefficient R2 of 0.7830 and an RMSE of only 0.0527. This model can be applied for the prediction of drug resistance trends of other animal-derived pathogenic bacteria, and provides the scientific and technical means for the effective assessment of bacterial resistance.
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Ott A, O'Donnell G, Tran NH, Mohd Haniffah MR, Su JQ, Zealand AM, Gin KYH, Goodson ML, Zhu YG, Graham DW. Developing Surrogate Markers for Predicting Antibiotic Resistance "Hot Spots" in Rivers Where Limited Data Are Available. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7466-7478. [PMID: 34000189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pinpointing environmental antibiotic resistance (AR) hot spots in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is hindered by a lack of available and comparable AR monitoring data relevant to such settings. Addressing this problem, we performed a comprehensive spatial and seasonal assessment of water quality and AR conditions in a Malaysian river catchment to identify potential "simple" surrogates that mirror elevated AR. We screened for resistant coliforms, 22 antibiotics, 287 AR genes and integrons, and routine water quality parameters, covering absolute concentrations and mass loadings. To understand relationships, we introduced standardized "effect sizes" (Cohen's D) for AR monitoring to improve comparability of field studies. Overall, water quality generally declined and environmental AR levels increased as one moved down the catchment without major seasonal variations, except total antibiotic concentrations that were higher in the dry season (Cohen's D > 0.8, P < 0.05). Among simple surrogates, dissolved oxygen (DO) most strongly correlated (inversely) with total AR gene concentrations (Spearman's ρ 0.81, P < 0.05). We suspect this results from minimally treated sewage inputs, which also contain AR bacteria and genes, depleting DO in the most impacted reaches. Thus, although DO is not a measure of AR, lower DO levels reflect wastewater inputs, flagging possible AR hot spots. DO measurement is inexpensive, already monitored in many catchments, and exists in many numerical water quality models (e.g., oxygen sag curves). Therefore, we propose combining DO data and prospective modeling to guide local interventions, especially in LMIC rivers with limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Ott
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Greg O'Donnell
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | | | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Urban Environment, 1799 Xiamen, China
| | - Andrew M Zealand
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | - Michaela L Goodson
- Newcastle University Malaysia, Educity@Iskandar, 79200 Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Urban Environment, 1799 Xiamen, China
| | - David W Graham
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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