1
|
Hamza B, Eliades T, Attin T, Schwendener S, Karygianni L. Initial bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on novel restorative materials used in paediatric dentistry. Dent Mater 2024; 40:573-579. [PMID: 38350744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the initial bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on novel restorative materials in paediatric dentistry and compare the results to stainless steel crown and primary enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five samples (Diameter = 4 mm) from five restorative materials (Tetric Power Fill light cured for 3 s or 10 s, Fuji II LC, Equia Forte HT Fil, Cention Forte, Stainless-steel crown) and primary enamel were prepared. Four samples served for recording of surface roughness (Ra) using a contact profilometer, 21 samples were incubated in stimulated human saliva for 2 h (initial bacterial adherence) and 72 h (biofilm formation) and served to determine ion releasing and bacterial growth. After 2 and 72 h, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per ml was counted and expressed in Log10 CFU/ml. Data were analysed with two-way ANOVA and Tuckey's multiple comparisons test (p < 0.05). RESULTS All tested materials showed similar initial bacterial adherence (p > 0.1). Stainless steel crown showed statistically significantly less biofilm formation than all other tested materials (p ≤ 0.02), except for Fuji II LC (p = 0.06). In terms of biofilm formation, the differences between all tested materials were not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.9). SIGNIFICANCE Novel restorative materials in paediatric dentistry show similar initial bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. However, compared to other restorative materials, stainless steel crowns demonstrate the lowest level of biofilm formation. Ion-releasing materials may not necessarily show better antimicrobial properties than conventional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sybille Schwendener
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Wang J, Shen S, Zhang J, An X, Si Q. Preparation of Nanocomposites for Antibacterial Orthodontic Invisible Appliance Based on Piezoelectric Catalysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115336. [PMID: 37300063 DOI: 10.3390/s23115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared to fixed orthodontic appliances with brackets, thermoplastic invisible orthodontic aligners offer several advantages, such as high aesthetic performance, good comfort, and convenient oral health maintenance, and are widely used in orthodontic fields. However, prolonged use of thermoplastic invisible aligners may lead to demineralization and even caries in most patients' teeth, as they enclose the tooth surface for an extended period. To address this issue, we have created PETG composites that contain piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3NPs) to obtain antibacterial properties. First, we prepared piezoelectric composites by incorporating varying amounts of BaTiO3NPs into PETG matrix material. The composites were then characterized using techniques such as SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites. We cultivated biofilms of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on the surface of the nanocomposites under both polarized and unpolarized conditions. We then activated piezoelectric charges by subjecting the nanocomposites to 10 Hz cyclic mechanical vibration. The interactions between the biofilms and materials were evaluated by measuring the biofilm biomass. The addition of piezoelectric nanoparticles had a noticeable antibacterial effect on both the unpolarized and polarized conditions. Under polarized conditions, nanocomposites demonstrated a greater antibacterial effect than under unpolarized conditions. Additionally, as the concentration of BaTiO3NPs increased, the antibacterial rate also increased, with the surface antibacterial rate reaching 67.39% (30 wt% BaTiO3NPs). These findings have the potential for application in wearable, invisible appliances to improve clinical services and reduce the need for cleaning methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jiajie Liu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shuhui Shen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qingzong Si
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Belayutham S, Wan Hassan WN, Razak FA, Mohd Tahir NNZ. Microbial adherence on vacuum-formed retainers with different surface roughness as constructed from conventional stone models and 3D printed models: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04940-4. [PMID: 36947263 PMCID: PMC10031723 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This single center parallel, randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the propensity of microbial adherence on vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) with different surface roughness imprints. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients debonded from fixed appliances at a teaching institution were allocated by block randomization stratified for gender to three groups [VFRs fabricated on conventional, fused deposition modeling (FDM) or stereolithography apparatus (SLA) working models]. Participants wore the VFRs for three months full-time followed by three months part-time. VFRs were collected after each follow-up for Streptococcus and yeast counts. Surface roughness was measured indirectly on the working models using a 3D optical surface texture analyzer. Blinding was not feasible due to appliance appearance. The trial was registered [NCT03844425 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )] and funded by the Universiti Malaya Dental Postgraduate Research Grant (DPRG/14/19). RESULTS Thirty participants (eleven conventional, ten FDM, and nine SLA) were analyzed after six dropped out. No harms were reported. Microbial counts between the groups were not significantly different. There were more microbes in the lower VFRs than upper VFRs (total count: p<0.05; effect size, 0.5 during full-time wear and 0.4 during part-time wear). SLA had significantly (p<0.05) smoother surface than FDM (effect size, 0.3) and conventional models (effect size, 0.5). Microbial adherence was not associated with working model surface roughness. CONCLUSION Microbial adherence on VFRs was not influenced by degree of surface roughness imprints from working models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE 3D printed models can be used to make VFRs. Lower VFRs tended to accumulate oral microbes, potentially increasing the oral health risk in the lower arch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Belayutham
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nurazreena Wan Hassan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fathilah Abdul Razak
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baybekov O, Stanishevskiy Y, Sachivkina N, Bobunova A, Zhabo N, Avdonina M. Isolation of Clinical Microbial Isolates during Orthodontic Aligner Therapy and Their Ability to Form Biofilm. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11010013. [PMID: 36661550 PMCID: PMC9858208 DOI: 10.3390/dj11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to calculate microbiological composition of aligners after a day of wearing them. To date, the dental market for orthodontists offers many ways to correct bites. Aligners are transparent and almost invisible from the teeth. They are used for everyday wear to correct the incorrect position of the teeth, which was once considered the prerogative of braces. Scientists worldwide have repeatedly considered questions regarding the interaction between aligners and the oral cavity's microflora; however, the emphasis has mainly shifted toward species composition and antibiotic resistance. The various properties of these microorganisms, including biofilm formation, adhesion to various cells, and the ability to phagocytize, have not been studied so widely. In addition, these characteristics, as well as the microorganisms themselves, have properties that change over time, location, and in certain conditions. In this regard, the problem of biofilm formation in dental practice is always relevant. It requires constant monitoring since high contamination of orthodontic materials can reduce the effectiveness of local anti-inflammatory therapy and cause relapses in caries and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Adhesive properties, one of the key factors in forming the architectonics of biofilms, provide the virulence factors of microorganisms and are characterized by an increase in optical density, determining the duration and retrospectivity of diagnostic studies. This paper focuses on the isolation of clinical microbial isolates during aligner therapy and their ability to form biofilms. In the future, we plan to use the obtained strains of microorganisms to create an effective and safe biofilm-destroying agent. We aimed to study morphometric and densitometric indicators of biofilms of microorganisms persisting on aligners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Baybekov
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Stanishevskiy
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Bobunova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natallia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Avdonina
- Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Warnecki M, Sarul M, Kozakiewicz M, Zięty A, Babiarczuk B, Kawala B, Jurczyszyn K. Surface Evaluation of Aligners after Immersion in Coca-Cola and Orange Juice. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186341. [PMID: 36143665 PMCID: PMC9504463 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Orthodontic removable appliances made of transparent thermoplastic materials-aligners-are becoming increasingly popular in contemporary orthodontic practice. It is important for the clinician to fully understand the mechanical properties and behavior of the appliance used. Because of that, the aim of our study was to investigate the changes in aligner surface after immersion in Coca-Cola and orange juice. For surface evaluation, fractal analysis, texture analysis, and wetting angle measurement were performed. Statistically significant changes were found between some of the groups in the fractal dimension analysis. In texture analysis, all but one intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences. For wetting angle assessment, statistically significant differences were found. These were, however, more numerous when assessing glycol droplets, rather than water droplets. Fractal dimension analysis confirmed a correlation between the intensity of changes in the aligner surface with immersion time in the liquids assessed. Texture analysis showed a high sensitivity to the changes in aligner surface. It failed, however, to reveal changes relative to immersion time. Wetting angle analysis revealed aligner surface degradation for Coca-Cola. It did not, however, prove the dependence of the intensity of this degradation as a function of time. Both Coca-Cola and orange juice can cause aligner surface degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Warnecki
- Independent Researcher, Niemodlińska 63, 45-864 Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Sarul
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wrocław Medical University, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Kozakiewicz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskiego Str., 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Zięty
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Babiarczuk
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Kawala
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wrocław Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Oral Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Charavet C, Gourdain Z, Graveline L, Lupi L. Cleaning and Disinfection Protocols for Clear Orthodontic Aligners: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020340. [PMID: 35206954 PMCID: PMC8871989 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clear orthodontic aligners support the development of oral biofilms, which could lead to interferences with the oral microbiota already existing and the deterioration of oral health, with the development of dental caries, periodontal disease and even systemic infections. Therefore, preventive oral health care requires a cleaning and disinfection procedure for aligners. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted across four databases following the PRISMA guidelines up to May 2021, combining an electronic and a manual search. Prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), crossover studies (COSs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs), published in the English language without time restrictions, evaluating the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols for clear orthodontic aligners by comparing them with a placebo or a negative control, were included. The article selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent blinded review authors. In case of disagreement, a third author was solicited throughout the selection process. (3) Results: Among the 221 articles screened in the search process, 4 studies were included in the review, all designed as crossover studies (single arm without randomization with the same sequence of different cleaning and disinfection protocols for each participant). Different cleaning and disinfection methods were studied such as mechanical methods (brushing with toothpaste or vibration), chemical methods/pharmaceutical products (chlorhexidine antibacterial substance, anionic or cationic detergents or effervescent tablets) or combinations of both. (4) Conclusion: Although the determination of the most remarkable method of cleaning and disinfection was impossible because no direct comparison was conducted between all these methods, a multi-step protocol, including the combination of a mechanical and a chemical method, seems to be the most effective approach. Further research is needed to define the most preventive oral health care protocol. Registration: PROSPERO CRD 42021278498.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Charavet
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Département d’Orthodontie, 06800 Nice, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Laboratoire MICORALIS UPR 7354, Université Côte d’Azur, 06800 Nice, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Zoé Gourdain
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 06800 Nice, France
| | - Léa Graveline
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 06800 Nice, France
| | - Laurence Lupi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Laboratoire MICORALIS UPR 7354, Université Côte d’Azur, 06800 Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Département de Santé Publique, 06800 Nice, France;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roberts WE, Mangum JE, Schneider PM. Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part II: Enamel White Spots, Cavitated Caries, and Bone Infection. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:106-119. [PMID: 35156182 PMCID: PMC8930953 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compare noninfectious (part I) to infectious (part II) demineralization of bones and teeth. Evaluate similarities and differences in the expression of hard tissue degradation for the two most common chronic demineralization diseases: osteoporosis and dental caries. RECENT FINDINGS The physiology of demineralization is similar for the sterile skeleton compared to the septic dentition. Superimposing the pathologic variable of infection reveals a unique pathophysiology for dental caries. Mineralized tissues are compromised by microdamage, demineralization, and infection. Osseous tissues remodel (turnover) to maintain structural integrity, but the heavily loaded dentition does not turnover so it is ultimately at risk of collapse. A carious tooth is a potential vector for periapical infection that may be life-threatening. Insipient caries is initiated as a subsurface decalcification in enamel that is not detectable until a depth of ~400μm when it becomes visible as a white spot. Reliable detection and remineralization of invisible caries would advance cost-effective wellness worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. Eugene Roberts
- American Board of Orthodontics, Indiana University & Purdue University at Indianapolis, 8260 Skipjack Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46236 USA
| | - Jonathan E. Mangum
- Translational Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Corner Grattan Street and Royal Parade, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul M. Schneider
- American Board of Orthodontics, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
AlSamak S, Hamdoon S, Ahmed M, Gasgoos S. Evaluation of biofilm formation on different clear orthodontic retainer materials. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:34. [PMID: 36188210 PMCID: PMC9515562 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the chemical composition and oral biofilm formation on different types of commercially available clear orthodontic retainer materials (CORM). Materials and Methods: Four types of CORM commercially available were used (Clear advantage series I (CAS1), Clear advantage series II (CAS2), Endure (ES), and CENTRI FORM-clear rigid material (CFCRM)). Circular samples (12 mm diameter) of each CORM were prepared for (n = 40). Unstimulated saliva from twenty volunteers was collected. Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for the evaluation of the chemical composition of CORM. For the quantitative assessment of oral biofilm formation, samples of each CORM were incubated for twenty-four hours, and crystal violet assay (CVA) was utilized. The degree of absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer at 570 nm. For qualitative evaluation of oral formation, the samples of each CORM were incubated for 24 hours, and viable biofilm cells stained by acridine orange were examined under a fluorescent microscope. Results: FTIR findings showed that CAS2 was made of polypropylene and ES is made of polyvinyl chloride, while others were made of co-polyester. CVA results confirmed that CAS2 showed the lowest biofilm formation, which differs significantly compared to CAS1, CFCRM, and ES. No significant difference in biofilm formation was detected between CAS1, CFCRM, and ES. Viable biofilm cells staining by acridine orange showed that CAS2 demonstrated smaller microcolonies of viable biofilm cells compared with CAS1, CFCRM, and ES, which confirmed the result obtained by CVA. Conclusions: CAS2 showed anti-microbial activities with a decrease the in vitro biofilm formation, which may be related to its chemical composition.
Collapse
|