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Merk D, Greulich J, Vierkant A, Cox F, Eckermann O, von Ameln F, Dyballa-Rukes N, Altschmied J, Ale-Agha N, Jakobs P, Haendeler J. Caffeine Inhibits Oxidative Stress- and Low Dose Endotoxemia-Induced Senescence-Role of Thioredoxin-1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1244. [PMID: 37371974 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) levels, and thus of cellular redox homeostasis, is vital for endothelial cells (ECs) to prevent senescence induction. One hallmark of EC functionality, their migratory capacity, which depends on intact mitochondria, is reduced in senescence. Caffeine improves the migratory capacity and mitochondrial functionality of ECs. However, the impact of caffeine on EC senescence has never been investigated. Moreover, a high-fat diet, which can induce EC senescence, results in approximately 1 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the blood. Therefore, we investigated if low dose endotoxemia induces EC senescence and concomitantly reduces Trx-1 levels, and if caffeine prevents or even reverses senescence. We show that caffeine precludes H2O2-triggered senescence induction by maintaining endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) levels and preventing the elevation of p21. Notably, 1 ng/mL LPS also increases p21 levels and reduces eNOS and Trx-1 amounts. These effects are completely blocked by co-treatment with caffeine. This prevention of senescence induction is similarly accomplished by the permanent expression of mitochondrial p27, a downstream effector of caffeine. Most importantly, after senescence induction by LPS, a single bolus of caffeine inhibits the increase in p21. This treatment also blocks Trx-1 degradation, suggesting that the reversion of senescence is intimately associated with a normalized redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Merk
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Haendeler Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Greulich
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Altschmied Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Vierkant
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Altschmied Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Fiona Cox
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Haendeler Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Eckermann
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Haendeler Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Altschmied Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian von Ameln
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Altschmied Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Dyballa-Rukes
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Haendeler Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Altschmied Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Altschmied Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Haendeler Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Jakobs
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Haendeler Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Haendeler Group, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Gasperoni JG, Fuller JN, Darido C, Wilanowski T, Dworkin S. Grainyhead-like (Grhl) Target Genes in Development and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052735. [PMID: 35269877 PMCID: PMC8911041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grainyhead-like (GRHL) factors are essential, highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) that regulate processes common to both natural cellular behaviours during embryogenesis, and de-regulation of growth and survival pathways in cancer. Serving to drive the transcription, and therefore activation of multiple co-ordinating pathways, the three GRHL family members (GRHL1-3) are a critical conduit for modulating the molecular landscape that guides cellular decision-making processes during proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration. Animal models and in vitro approaches harbouring GRHL loss or gain-of-function are key research tools to understanding gene function, which gives confidence that resultant phenotypes and cellular behaviours may be translatable to humans. Critically, identifying and characterising the target genes to which these factors bind is also essential, as they allow us to discover and understand novel genetic pathways that could ultimately be used as targets for disease diagnosis, drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. GRHL1-3 and their transcriptional targets have been shown to drive comparable cellular processes in Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish and mice, and have recently also been implicated in the aetiology and/or progression of a number of human congenital disorders and cancers of epithelial origin. In this review, we will summarise the state of knowledge pertaining to the role of the GRHL family target genes in both development and cancer, primarily through understanding the genetic pathways transcriptionally regulated by these factors across disparate disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma G. Gasperoni
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Jarrad N. Fuller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Charbel Darido
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
- Correspondence:
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