|
1
|
Infante R, Infante M, Pastore D, Pacifici F, Chiereghin F, Malatesta G, Donadel G, Tesauro M, Della-Morte D. An Appraisal of the Oleocanthal-Rich Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Its Potential Anticancer and Neuroprotective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17323. [PMID: 38139152 PMCID: PMC10744258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary consumption of olive oil represents a key pillar of the Mediterranean diet, which has been shown to exert beneficial effects on human health, such as the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases like cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. These health benefits are partly mediated by the high-quality extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), which is produced mostly in Mediterranean countries and is directly made from olives, the fruit of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Preclinical evidence supports the existence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exerted by the polyphenol oleocanthal, which belongs to the EVOO minor polar compound subclass of secoiridoids (like oleuropein). This narrative review aims to describe the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of oleocanthal, as well as the potential anticancer and neuroprotective actions of this polyphenol. Based on recent evidence, we also discuss the reasons underlying the need to include the concentrations of oleocanthal and other polyphenols in the EVOO's nutrition facts label. Finally, we report our personal experience in the production of a certified organic EVOO with a "Protected Designation of Origin" (PDO), which was obtained from olives of three different cultivars (Rotondella, Frantoio, and Leccino) harvested in geographical areas located a short distance from one another (villages' names: Gorga and Camella) within the Southern Italy "Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni National Park" of the Campania Region (Province of Salerno, Italy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Infante
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (D.P.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Marco Infante
- Section of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (D.P.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Chiereghin
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (D.P.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Gina Malatesta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.)
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (D.P.); (D.D.-M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Zygouri P, Athinodorou AM, Spyrou K, Simos YV, Subrati M, Asimakopoulos G, Vasilopoulos KC, Vezyraki P, Peschos D, Tsamis K, Gournis DP. Oxidized-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Non-Toxic Nanocarriers for Hydroxytyrosol Delivery in Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:714. [PMID: 36839082 PMCID: PMC9965370 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess excellent physicochemical and structural properties alongside their nano dimensions, constituting a medical platform for the delivery of different therapeutic molecules and drug systems. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a molecule with potent antioxidant properties that, however, is rapidly metabolized in the organism. HT immobilized on functionalized CNTs could improve its oral absorption and protect it against rapid degradation and elimination. This study investigated the effects of cellular oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs) as biocompatible carriers of HT. The oxidation of MWCNTs via H2SO4 and HNO3 has a double effect since it leads to increased hydrophilicity, while the introduced oxygen functionalities can contribute to the delivery of the drug. The in vitro effects of HT, oxMWCNTS, and oxMWCNTS functionalized with HT (oxMWCNTS_HT) were studied against two different cell lines (NIH/3T3 and Tg/Tg). We evaluated the toxicity (MTT and clonogenic assay), cell cycle arrest, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Both cell lines coped with oxMWCNTs even at high doses. oxMWCNTS_HT acted as pro-oxidants in Tg/Tg cells and as antioxidants in NIH/3T3 cells. These findings suggest that oxMWCNTs could evolve into a promising nanocarrier suitable for targeted drug delivery in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Zygouri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antrea M. Athinodorou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V. Simos
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mohammed Subrati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Asimakopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Protection in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204265. [PMID: 36296948 PMCID: PMC9607338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not only due to the disease itself; in fact, CKD also represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Among the functional foods that seems to have cardioprotective action, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) plays a pivotal health-promoting role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of an EVOO containing a very high content (>900 ppm) of minor phenolic compounds (MPCs). The selected EVOO was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS to establish the MPC content. The Olea extract obtained from the selected EVOO was tested against the RAW 264.7 cell line in order to investigate its anti-inflammatory activity. We enrolled 40 CKD patients under conservative therapy for in vivo clinical testing. All CKD patients consumed 40 mL/day of raw EVOO for 9 weeks (T1). At baseline (T0) and at T1, we monitored the patients’ blood and urinary parameters. The patients’ body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis and the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using ultrasound imaging. At T1, we observed a decrease in inflammatory parameters, CIMT, and oxidative stress biomarkers. We also noticed improvements in lipid and purine metabolism, atherogenic indices, and body composition. Thus, this study highlighted the cardioprotective action of EVOO in nephropathic patients.
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Marques J, Martin D, Amado AM, Lysenko V, Osório N, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Marques MPM, Barroca MJ, Moreira da Silva A. Novel Insights into Corema album Berries: Vibrational Profile and Biological Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091761. [PMID: 34579295 PMCID: PMC8470319 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an evaluation of the biological properties of the edible berries from Corema album, an endemic shrub of the Portuguese coastline, aiming at its use as a nutraceutical. Different methanolic extracts were obtained from the pulp and seed of fresh berries: pulp extract, seed residue, and seed oil (extracted and characterized for the first time). For each of these, the antioxidant activity was assessed, by different methods, as well as the antimicrobial ability. Overall, the seeds were shown to be the most nutraceutical part of the berry since they showed higher antioxidant activity, while the pulp extract displayed a significant antimicrobial capacity against several clinically relevant bacterial strains. Furthermore, the extracts were fully characterized by complementary infrared and Raman spectroscopy, revealing the presence of phenolic acids, polysaccharides, sugars, and triterpenoids in the pulp, high content of unsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil, and significant amounts of phenolics and carotenoids in the seed residue. These results pave the way for a reliable correlation between chemical composition and biological activity, in edible fruit samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Marques
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Martin
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
| | - Ana M. Amado
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
| | - Viktoriya Lysenko
- College of Health Technology of Coimbra, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Nádia Osório
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
- College of Health Technology of Coimbra, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
| | - Maria Paula M. Marques
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Barroca
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aida Moreira da Silva
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.M.A.); (N.O.); (L.A.E.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.); (M.J.B.); (A.M.d.S.)
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|