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Susanti I, Pratiwi R, Rosandi Y, Hasanah AN. Separation Methods of Phenolic Compounds from Plant Extract as Antioxidant Agents Candidate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:965. [PMID: 38611494 PMCID: PMC11013868 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, discovering new drug candidates has become a top priority in research. Natural products have proven to be a promising source for such discoveries as many researchers have successfully isolated bioactive compounds with various activities that show potential as drug candidates. Among these compounds, phenolic compounds have been frequently isolated due to their many biological activities, including their role as antioxidants, making them candidates for treating diseases related to oxidative stress. The isolation method is essential, and researchers have sought to find effective procedures that maximize the purity and yield of bioactive compounds. This review aims to provide information on the isolation or separation methods for phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities using column chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, counter-current chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, molecularly imprinted technologies, and high-performance thin layer chromatography. For isolation or purification, the molecularly imprinted technologies represent a more accessible and more efficient procedure because they can be applied directly to the extract to reduce the complicated isolation process. However, it still requires further development and refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike Susanti
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 r, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rimadani Pratiwi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 r, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yudi Rosandi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 r, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Drug Development Study Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Mfotie Njoya E, Tabakam GT, Chukwuma CI, Mashele SS, Makhafola TJ. Phytoconstituents of Androstachys johnsonii Prain Prevent Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Regulate the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:401. [PMID: 38671849 PMCID: PMC11047428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
According to a survey, the medicinal use of Androstachys johnsonii Prain is kept secret by traditional healers. Considering that inflammation and oxidative stress are major risk factors for the progression of various chronic diseases and disorders, we resolved to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of A. johnsonii using in vitro and cell-based assays. The antioxidant activity of A. johnsonii hydroethanolic leaf extract (AJHLE) was evaluated using the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. Its cytotoxic effect was assessed on RAW 264.7 macrophages using an MTT assay. Then, its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by measuring the NO production and 15-LOX inhibitory activities. Moreover, its preventive effect on ROS production and its regulatory effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and COX-2 were determined using established methods. AJHLE strongly inhibited radicals such as ABTS•+, DPPH•, and Fe3+-TPTZ with IC50 values of 9.07 µg/mL, 8.53 µg/mL, and 79.09 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, AJHLE induced a significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxic effect at 100 µg/mL, and when tested at non-cytotoxic concentrations, it inhibited NO and ROS production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, AJHLE showed that its anti-inflammatory action occurs via the inhibition of 15-LOX activity, the downregulation of COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression, and the upregulation of IL-10 expression. Finally, chemical investigation showed that AJHLE contains significant amounts of procyanidin, epicatechin, rutin, and syringic acid which support its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest that A. johnsonii is a potential source of therapeutic agents against oxidative stress and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa; (G.T.T.); (C.I.C.); (S.S.M.)
| | | | | | | | - Tshepiso J. Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa; (G.T.T.); (C.I.C.); (S.S.M.)
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Traditional Importance, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicological Attributes of the Promising Medicinal Herb Carissa spinarum L. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carissa spinarum L. (Apocynaceae), commonly known as Garna or Jungli Karonda, has a rich history of use in indigenous traditional medicinal systems owing to its tremendous medicinal and nutritional benefits. The present review aims to discuss the traditional uses, ethnopharmacology, bioactive composition, toxicity analysis, and biotechnological applications of Carissa spinarum L. (CS) to identify the gap between current applications and research conducted on this plant. We collected the literature published before December 2022 on the phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties, and biotechnological applications of CS. Literature in English from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley, along with books on CS, was analyzed and summarized to prepare this review. The plant taxonomy was verified using the “World Flora Online” database (http://www.worldfloraonline.org/). The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on CS revealed its anthelmintic, anticonvulsant, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, vasorelaxant, antihypertensive, antitumor, wound-healing, anti-venom, and antipyretic effects. Toxicological studies on CS also indicated the absence of any adverse effects even at high doses after oral administration. Although CS showed remarkable therapeutic activities against several diseases—such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, and hepatitis B virus—there are several drawbacks in previous reports, including the lack of information on the drug dose, standards, controls, and mechanism of action of the extract or the phytocompounds responsible for its activity. Extensive research with proper in vivo or in vitro model systems is required to validate its reported activities.
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Hounguè U, Villette C, Tokoudagba JM, Chaker AB, Remila L, Auger C, Heintz D, Gbaguidi FA, Schini-Kerth VB. Carissa edulis Vahl (Apocynaceae) extract, a medicinal plant of Benin pharmacopoeia, induces potent endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary artery rings involving nitric oxide. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154370. [PMID: 35977457 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that affects most countries including those of Africa. Although Carissa edulis Vahl, Diodia scandens Sw. and Cleome gynandra L. are traditionally used in Benin as antihypertensive treatments with some efficacy mentioned by the local population, their biological activity on the cardiovascular system remains poorly studied. AIM The study investigated the vasoreactivity of the plants and assessed the underlying mechanisms using isolated arteries. STUDY DESIGN Aqueous-ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of C. edulis, D. scandens and C. gynandra were prepared by maceration before being subjected to multi-step liquid-liquid fractionation with solvents of increasing polarity. The vasoreactivity of the extracts and fractions were assessed on isolated porcine coronary artery and rat aorta using organ chambers, the role of nitric oxide (NO) using NG-nitro-L-arginine (NO synthase inhibitor), prostanoids using indomethacin (cyclooxygenases inhibitor) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization using TRAM-34 plus UCL 1684 (inhibitors of calcium-dependent K+ channels), and the vascular uptake of polyphenols using Neu reagent. RESULTS The aqueous-ethanolic crude extract of C. edulis (CECE) induced potent relaxations that were exclusively endothelium-dependent and more pronounced than those to D. scandens and C. gynandra. The n-butanolic fraction of C. edulis (CEBF) was more active than the cyclohexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions. The relaxation induced by CECE and CEBF were inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine and affected neither by TRAM-34 plus UCL 1684 nor by indomethacin. CEBF induced sustained endothelium-dependent relaxations for at least 60 min, and inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, contractions to KCl, CaCl2, U46619 and serotonin in rings with endothelium. Analysis of CEBF by LCHRMS indicated the presence of polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids. Exposure of coronary artery and aorta rings to CEBF caused the accumulation of polyphenols predominantly in the endothelium. CONCLUSION C. edulis leaf extract induced pronounced endothelium-dependent relaxations and inhibited contractile responses by stimulating the endothelial formation of NO. LCHRMS analysis of the most active fraction, the butanolic fraction, revealed the presence of numerous compounds including polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids. The polyphenols of CEBF accumulated preferentially in the endothelium of the arterial wall. Thus, these observations support the folkloric use of C. edulis in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Hounguè
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Claire Villette
- CNRS, Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), IBMP, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Tokoudagba
- Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ahmed B Chaker
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lamia Remila
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Auger
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- CNRS, Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), IBMP, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Fernand A Gbaguidi
- Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Muema FW, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Guo M. Flavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron and Their Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061189. [PMID: 35740086 PMCID: PMC9229023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. (S. doederleinii) is a traditional herb that is widely used in China to treat several ailments, but mainly cancer. Studies have been carried out to determine the phytochemicals ascribed to its pharmacological activity. However, both phytochemical and pharmacological profiles have not been fully explored as few compounds have been reported. This study evaluated the flavonoid content of the ethanol extract and its four fractions (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) together with their antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays). Further, the antiproliferative activity was evaluated. Two new secondary metabolites (1 and 3) were isolated from S. doederleinii, which comprised of an apigenin skeleton with a phenyl attached at C-8 of ring A and an acetyl group. Additionally, other known metabolites 2 and 4–16 were isolated, whereby compounds 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 16 were reported for the first time in this species. These compounds were evaluated for their antioxidative potentials by both DPPH and FRAP assays, and for their antiproliferative activities by the MTT assay on three human cancer cell lines: colon cancer (HT-29), cervical cancer (HeLa), and lung cancer (A549). Compound 7 exhibited the best activity on the three cancer cell lines (HT-29, HeLa, A549) by inhibiting the rate of growth of the cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 27.97, 35.47, and 20.71 µM, respectively. The structure–activity relationship of the pure compounds was highlighted in this study. Hence, the study enriched both the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of S. doederleinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wambua Muema
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8770-0850
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Osmakov DI, Kalinovskii AP, Belozerova OA, Andreev YA, Kozlov SA. Lignans as Pharmacological Agents in Disorders Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Chemical Synthesis Approaches and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116031. [PMID: 35682715 PMCID: PMC9181380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lignans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which makes them the research objects of potential use as therapeutic agents. They provide diverse naturally-occurring pharmacophores and are available for production by chemical synthesis. A large amount of accumulated data indicates that lignans of different structural groups are apt to demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in many cases, simultaneously. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive knowledge about lignan use as a bioactive agent in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, and chemical synthesis approaches. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current data in this area, available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, screened from 2000 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Olga A. Belozerova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Recent development on COX-2 inhibitors as promising anti-inflammatory agents: The past 10 years. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2790-2807. [PMID: 35755295 PMCID: PMC9214066 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases play a vital role in inflammation and are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Two cyclooxygenases are described, the constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 and the inducible cyclooxygenase-2, for which the target inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Prostaglandins are a class of lipid compounds that mediate acute and chronic inflammation. NSAIDs are the most frequent choices for treatment of inflammation. Nevertheless, currently used anti-inflammatory drugs have become associated with a variety of adverse effects which lead to diminished output even market withdrawal. Recently, more studies have been carried out on searching novel selective COX-2 inhibitors with safety profiles. In this review, we highlight the various structural classes of organic and natural scaffolds with efficient COX-2 inhibitory activity reported during 2011–2021. It will be valuable for pharmaceutical scientists to read up on the current chemicals to pave the way for subsequent research.
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WANG N, XU C, LI N, WANG F, WANG F, LI Z, YU Q, ZHANG G. Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol and vitamin E in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na WANG
- Henan Agricultural University, China; International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, China; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao XU
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Na LI
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Fan WANG
- Henan Agricultural University, China; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, China
| | - FangYu WANG
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, China; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengbang LI
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, China; Zhengyang Xindi Peanut Group Co, China
| | - Qiuying YU
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, China; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Gaiping ZHANG
- Henan Agricultural University, China; International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, China
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Dhatwalia J, Kumari A, Verma R, Upadhyay N, Guleria I, Lal S, Thakur S, Gudeta K, Kumar V, Chao JCJ, Sharma S, Kumar A, Manicum ALE, Lorenzo JM, Amarowicz R. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227010. [PMID: 34834102 PMCID: PMC8624575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carissa, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the Carissa species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headaches, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, syphilis, oedema, rabies, stomach pain, hepatitis, cardiac diseases, and asthma. The pharmacological studies on Carissa species revealed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antiarthritic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, thus validating its use in indigenous medicine systems. The review article summarised the comprehensive literature available, including morphology, indigenous uses, bioactive composition, nutraceutical, and pharmacological activities of Carissa species. A total of 155 research papers were cited in this review article. The Carissa fruits are rich in dietary fibre, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin C, and macro- and micro-elements. A total of 121 compounds (35 polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), 30 lignans, 41 terpenoids, 7 steroids, 2 coumarins, and 6 cardiac glycosides) have been extracted from C. spinarum, C. carandas, and C. macrocarpa. Among all chemical constituents, lupeol, carissol, naringin, carisssone, scopoletin, carissaeduloside A, D, J, carandinol, sarhamnoloside, carissanol, olivil, carinol, 3β-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-oilde, ursolic acid, and carissone are the key bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities of genus Carissa. The gathered ethnopharmacological information in the review will help to understand the therapeutic relevance of Carissa as well as paving a way for further exploration in the discovery of novel plant-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dhatwalia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Amita Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Navneet Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India;
| | - Ishita Guleria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Sohan Lal
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Shabnam Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Kasahun Gudeta
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India;
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Somesh Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management, Solan 173229, HP, India;
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405, India;
| | | | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (R.A.)
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Acyl Quinic Acid Derivatives Screened Out from Carissa spinarum by SOD-Affinity Ultrafiltration LC-MS and Their Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081302. [PMID: 34439550 PMCID: PMC8389231 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carissa spinarum Linn. has been utilized both in the food industry and as a traditional medicine for various ailments, while the responsible chemical components and action mechanisms of its antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities remain unclear. In this work, at least 17 quinic acid derivatives as potential ligands for the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme from Carissa spinarum L. were screened out using the bio-affinity ultrafiltration with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UF–LC/MS), and 12 of them (1–12), including, three new ones (1–3), were further isolated by phytochemical methods and identified by high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. All of these isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. As a result, compounds 4 and 6–11 displayed similar or better antioxidant activities compared to vitamin C, which is in good agreement with the bio-affinity ultrafiltration with SOD enzyme. Then, these compounds, 4 and 6–11, with better antioxidant activity were further explored to protect the L02 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative injury by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) production and activating the SOD enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use an efficient ultrafiltration approach with SOD for the rapid screening and identification of the SOD ligands directly from a complex crude extract of Carissa spinarum, and to reveal its corresponding active compounds with good antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities.
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