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Rosso E, Armone R, Costale A, Meineri G, Chiofalo B. Hemp Seed ( Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties: Lipids Profile and Antioxidant Capacity for Monogastric Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2699. [PMID: 39335288 PMCID: PMC11429315 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to study the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, antiox-idant activity, total phenolic and N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine content of three distinct varieties of hemp seeds (Carmaenecta, Enectaliana and Enectarol, grown in a Mediterranean area (Central Italy), as feed in the diet of farm animals. Proximate composition was determined using the official methods of analyses; the fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography, total phenolic content (TPC) and the scavenging activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+) by the colorimetric method, and N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine content by HPLC analysis. The hemp seed Enectarol showed the highest total lipid content and the best antioxidant activity with the highest TPC, N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine content, and ABTS•+, and the lowest peroxidation index and DPPH•; Carmaenecta showed the best fatty acid profile and nutritional indices (atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio), and Enectaliana showed the highest crude protein and dietary fiber content. The differences observed in the chemical composition, fatty acid profile and antioxidant activity are because of the varieties, considering that all other growing conditions were the same. The results obtained suggest that hemp seed can be used as a source of lipid and protein in animal diets due to their valuable antioxidant activity and as a rich source of essential fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosso
- Department of Science and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Rosangela Armone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Annalisa Costale
- Department of Science and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.A.); (B.C.)
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Terletskaya NV, Khapilina ON, Turzhanova AS, Erbay M, Magzumova S, Mamirova A. Genetic Polymorphism in the Amaranthaceae Species in the Context of Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3470. [PMID: 37836210 PMCID: PMC10575142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive potential and biochemical properties of the Amaranthaceae species make them promising for introduction into agriculture and markets, particularly in arid conditions. Molecular genetic polymorphism analysis is the most powerful tool for studying plant resources; therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of allelic variations in the ARF and SOD gene families, as well as the genetic diversity of six Amaranthaceae species, using retrotransposon-based fingerprinting with the multi-locus EPIC-PCR profiling approach. Additionally, the iPBS PCR amplification was employed for genome profiling, revealing variations in genetic diversity among the studied Amaranthaceae samples. The observed genetic diversity in Amaranthaceae species contributes to their enhanced tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. The knowledge about the genetic diversity of genes crucial in plant development and stress resistance can be useful for the genetic improvement of cultivated Amaranthaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Terletskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Oxana N. Khapilina
- National Center for Biotechnology, Qorghalzhyn 13, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.S.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Ainur S. Turzhanova
- National Center for Biotechnology, Qorghalzhyn 13, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.S.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Malika Erbay
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Saule Magzumova
- National Center for Biotechnology, Qorghalzhyn 13, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.S.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
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Oteri M, Bartolomeo G, Rigano F, Aspromonte J, Trovato E, Purcaro G, Dugo P, Mondello L, Beccaria M. Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Oil with a Focus on Minor Lipid Components. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010023. [PMID: 36613240 PMCID: PMC9818636 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive chemical characterization of different lipid components, namely fatty acid composition after derivatization in fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids (PLs), free fatty acids (FFAs), sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, and polyphenols in Chia seed oil, obtained by Soxhlet extraction, was reported. Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) coupled to UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detectors was employed for carotenoids, polyphenols, and TAGs determination; normal phase-LC in combination with fluorescence detector (FLD) was used for tocopherols analysis; PL and FFA fractions were investigated after a rapid solid phase extraction followed by RP-LC-MS and NanoLC coupled to electron ionization (EI) MS, respectively. Furthermore, gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization (FID) and MS detectors were used for FAMEs and sterols analysis. Results demonstrated a significant content of bioactive compounds, such as the antioxidant tocopherols (22.88 µg mL-1), and a very high content of essential fatty acids (81.39%), namely α-linolenic (62.16%) and linoleic (19.23%) acids. In addition, for the best of authors knowledge, FFA profile, as well as some carotenoid classes has been elucidated for the first time. The importance of free fatty acids in vegetable matrices is related to the fact that they can be readily involved in metabolic processes or biosynthetic pathways of the plant itself. For a fast and reliable determination of this chemical class, a very innovative and sensitive NanoLC-EI-MS analytical determination was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Oteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Section of Animal Production, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Science4Life S.r.l., an Academic Spin-Off of University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-5722
| | - Juan Aspromonte
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET, Calle 47 esq. 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, I-00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Wongkrongsak S, Piroonpan T, Coqueret X, Pasanphan W. Radiation-processed silk fibroin micro- /nano-gels as promising antioxidants: Electron beam treatment and physicochemical characterization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Calabrò S, Oteri M, Vastolo A, Cutrignelli MI, Todaro M, Chiofalo B, Gresta F. Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4121-4130. [PMID: 34997604 PMCID: PMC9304318 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, grain amaranths have attracted attention due to their valuable combination of nutritional traits, with higher protein and oil content than conventional cereals. Before they can be proposed as an unconventional ingredient in animal feed, many aspects still need to be investigated from field production to nutritive value. The present research aimed to study the agronomic traits, proximate composition, and digestibility/degradability, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of two grain amaranth species, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus (for a total of six accessions), grown in a Mediterranean environment. RESULTS Both species showed seed yields comparable to or higher than the traditional cereal crops in the same environment. On the whole, A. cruentus resulted in a higher seed production than A. hypochondriacus. Mexico and Montana accessions, both belonging to A. cruentus, showed the highest yield (3.73 t ha-1 , on average). Few differences emerged in nutritive value between species and accessions: the Illinois accession of A. cruentus showed the best performance in terms of in vitro degradability and gas production, but not for volatile fatty acid production; the fermentation kinetics was slowest in the Illinois accession and fastest in the Montana accession of A. cruentus and the India accession of A. hypochondriacus. CONCLUSION From a health perspective, the Nebraska accession of A. hypochondriacus represents the best accession, with the lowest saturated fatty acid content and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA)University of Napoli Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Messina, Polo Universitario AnnunziataMessinaItaly
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA)University of Napoli Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | - Massimo Todaro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Science (SAAF)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Messina, Polo Universitario AnnunziataMessinaItaly
| | - Fabio Gresta
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Messina, Polo Universitario AnnunziataMessinaItaly
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Effects of Germination and Popping on the Anti-Nutritional Compounds and the Digestibility of Amaranthus hypochondriacus Seeds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142075. [PMID: 35885318 PMCID: PMC9324154 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranth seeds, although a valuable food in Mexico, contain anti-nutritional compounds that can affect food quality. As a part of this work, the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, protein digestibility, and the effect of germination and popping of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds was analyzed with the aim of eliminating anti-nutritional compounds. Untreated seeds comprised of 11.35–18.8% protein and 0.27–13.39% lipids, including omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid. The main minerals detected were Ca+2, K+1, and Mg+2. Nevertheless in vitro studies indicate that germination significantly improved digestibility, whereby treatments aimed at reducing anti-nutritional compounds decreased lectin concentration, while significantly increasing tannins and completely eliminating trypsins and saponins.
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Evaluation of the Effect of Different Dietary Lipid Sources on Dogs’ Faecal Microbial Population and Activities. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111368. [PMID: 35681832 PMCID: PMC9179278 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Saturated fatty acids might be a valuable source of energy to guarantee all physiological functions in companion animals. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential in several metabolic processes and structural body functions. In this regard, hemp oil can be used as a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal diets. In this study, hemp seed oil and swine tallow were added to a commercial canned diet. These high-lipid-content diets (hemp diet: 55.1 g/100 kcal ME; tallow diet: 65.1 g/1000 kcal ME) were compared with one rich in starch. Following the recruitment of 12 dogs, three experimental groups were set up. At 30 days of diet administration, faeces samples were collected from each group to perform an in vitro trial and faecal bacteria count. In the first evaluation, the faecal inoculum obtained from dogs fed a diet supplemented with hemp showed higher fermentation activity and lower gas production at 24 h of incubation. The bacterial count demonstrated an increase in Lactobacillus when hemp group faeces were tested. Both in vivo and in vitro acetic acid production increased. The results obtained suggest an influence of the fatty acid profile on the microbial population. Abstract Lipids represent a significant energy source in dogs’ diets. Moreover, dogs need some essential fatty acids, such as linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids, because they are not able to produce them endogenously. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary lipid sources on faecal microbial populations and activities using different evaluations. Hemp seed oil and swine tallow were tested as lipid supplements in a commercial canned diet at a ratio of 3.5% (HL1 and HL2, respectively). These diets were compared with one rich in starch (HS). Twelve dogs were recruited and equally divided into three groups. Faeces samples at 30 days were used as inoculum and incubated with three different substrates (MOS, inulin, and cellulose) using the in vitro gas production technique. The faecal cell numbers of relevant bacteria and secondary metabolites were analysed (in vivo trial). In vitro evaluation showed that the faeces of the group fed the diet with hemp supplementation had better fermentability despite lower gas production. The in vivo faecal bacterial count showed an increase in Lactobacillus spp. In the HL1 group. Moreover, a higher level of acetate was observed in both evaluations (in vitro and in vivo). These results seem to indicate a significant effect of the dietary fatty acid profile on the faecal microbial population.
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Hernández‐García Y, Melgar‐Lalanne G, Téllez‐Medina DI, Ruiz‐May E, Salgado‐Cruz MDLP, Andrade‐Velásquez A, Dorantes‐Álvarez L, López‐Hernández D, Santiago Gómez MP. Scavenging peptides, antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic activity of a germinated amaranth (
Amaranthus hypochondriacus
L.) beverage fermented by
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14139. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín Hernández‐García
- Departamento Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
| | | | - Darío Iker Téllez‐Medina
- Departamento Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruiz‐May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados Instituto de Ecología A.C. Clúster Científico y Tecnologico BioMimic® Veracruz Mexico
| | - Ma. de la Paz Salgado‐Cruz
- Departamento Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
| | - Amaury Andrade‐Velásquez
- Departamento Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
| | - Lidia Dorantes‐Álvarez
- Departamento Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
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Vastolo A, Iliano S, Laperuta F, Pennacchio S, Pompameo M, Cutrignelli MI. Hemp Seed Cake as a Novel Ingredient for Dog's Diet. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:754625. [PMID: 34970613 PMCID: PMC8712657 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.754625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the popularity of industrial hemp and its products is increased. From a nutritional point of view, hemp and its products are rich in protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and useful minerals. Nowadays, the European Commission authorizes the use of hempseed and hempseed oil co-products in animal nutrition. This study is aimed to evaluate the use of hempseed cake in dogs' nutrition, comparing the effect of the supplementation of two lipid sources: swine tallow (T-diet) and hempseed cake (H-diet). A double-blind nutritional trial was performed at a municipal kennel located in Naples. Eight crossbreed neutered dogs recognized in good health were recruited and divided into two homogeneous groups (T- vs. H-group). Both diets were analyzed for chemical composition and fatty acid profile. Blood count and biochemical profile were evaluated at recruitment (T0) and the end of the trial (T30). Oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were the most representative fatty acids in both diets; however, the H-diet contains more than double concentration of linoleic and α-linoleic acids compared to the T-diet (p < 0.01). The H-diet has shown significantly (p < 0.01) higher peroxidation index as the only negative aspect, which could compromise its shelf-life. After 30 days of administration, the H-group has shown a significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) reduction of liver and renal markers [aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and creatinine] and cholesterol, due to the healthier fatty acid profile. Hempseed cake seems a suggestable source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for dogs considering these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Iliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Pennacchio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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