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Wu Z, Wang L, Yin Z, Gao Y, Song Y, Ma J, Zhao M, Wang J, Xue W, Pang X, Zhao Y, Li J, Tu P, Zheng J. Baoyuan decoction inhibits atherosclerosis progression through suppression peroxidized fatty acid and Src/MKK4/JNK pathway-mediated CD 36 expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155668. [PMID: 38776739 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baoyuan decoction (BYD) has been widely utilized as a traditional prescription for the treatment of various conditions such as coronary heart disease, aplastic anemia, and chronic renal failure. However, its potential efficacy in improving atherosclerosis has not yet been investigated. PURPOSE Our research aimed to assess the potential of BYD as an inhibitor of atherosclerosis and uncover the underlying mechanism by which it acts on foam cell formation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS High-fat diet-induced ApoE-/- mice were employed to explore the effect of BYD on atherosclerosis. The differential metabolites in feces were identified and analyzed by LC-Qtrap-MS. In addition, we utilized pharmacological inhibition of BYD on foam cell formation induced by oxLDL in THP-1 cells to elucidate the underlying mechanisms specifically in macrophages. RESULTS The atherosclerotic plaque burden in the aortic sinus of ApoE-/- mice was notably reduced with BYD treatment, despite no significant alterations in plasma lipids. Metabolomic analysis revealed that BYD suppressed the increased levels of peroxidized fatty acids, specifically 9/13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9/13-HODE), in the feces of mice. As a prominent peroxidized fatty acid found in oxLDL, we confirmed that 9/13-HODE induced the overexpression of CD36 in THP-1 macrophages by upregulating PPARγ. In subsequent experiments, the decreased levels of CD36 triggered by oxLDL were observed after BYD treatment. This decrease occurred through the regulation of the Src/MMK4/JNK pathway, resulting in the suppression of lipid deposition in THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that BYD exhibits potential anti-atherosclerotic effects by inhibiting CD36 expression to prevent foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ziyu Yin
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuelin Song
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weigang Xue
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueping Pang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Jakubek P, Parchem K, Wieckowski MR, Bartoszek A. The Interplay between Endogenous and Foodborne Pro-Oxidants and Antioxidants in Shaping Redox Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7827. [PMID: 39063068 PMCID: PMC11276820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been known about in biological sciences for several decades; however, the understanding of this concept has evolved greatly since its foundation. Over the past years, reactive oxygen species, once viewed as solely deleterious, have become recognized as intrinsic components of life. In contrast, antioxidants, initially believed to be cure-all remedies, have failed to prove their efficacy in clinical trials. Fortunately, research on the health-promoting properties of antioxidants has been ongoing. Subsequent years showed that the former assumption that all antioxidants acted similarly was greatly oversimplified. Redox-active compounds differ in their chemical structures, electrochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and bioavailability; therefore, their efficacy in protecting against oxidative stress also varies. In this review, we discuss the changing perception of oxidative stress and its sources, emphasizing everyday-life exposures, particularly those of dietary origin. Finally, we posit that a better understanding of the physicochemical properties and biological outcomes of antioxidants is crucial to fully utilize their beneficial impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jakubek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Parchem
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Beltrame G, Ahonen E, Damerau A, Gudmundsson HG, Haraldsson GG, Linderborg KM. Lipid Structure Influences the Digestion and Oxidation Behavior of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids in the Simulated Digestion System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37338276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential for human health but prone to oxidation. While esterification location is known to influence the stability of omega-3 in triacylglycerols (TAGs) in oxidation trials, their oxidative behavior in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Synthesized ABA- and AAB-type TAGs containing DHA and EPA were submitted to static in vitro digestion for the first time. Tridocosahexaenoin and DHA as ethyl esters were similarly digested. Digesta were analyzed by gas chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Besides the formation of di- and monoacylglycerols, degradation of hydroperoxides was detected in ABA- and AAB-type TAGs, whereas oxygenated species increased in tridocosahexaenoin. Ethyl esters were mainly unaffected. EPA was expectedly less susceptible to oxidation prior to and during the digestion process, particularly in sn-2. These results are relevant for the production of tailored omega-3 structures to be used as supplements or ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Beltrame
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Ahonen
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Annelie Damerau
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Takahashi T, Kato S, Ito J, Shimizu N, Parida IS, Itaya-Takahashi M, Sakaino M, Imagi J, Yoshinaga K, Yoshinaga-Kiriake A, Gotoh N, Ikeda I, Nakagawa K. Dietary triacylglycerol hydroperoxide is not absorbed, yet it induces the formation of other triacylglycerol hydroperoxides in the gastrointestinal tract. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102471. [PMID: 36137475 PMCID: PMC9493066 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo presence of triacylglycerol hydroperoxide (TGOOH), a primary oxidation product of triacylglycerol (TG), has been speculated to be involved in various diseases. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to whether dietary TGOOH is absorbed from the intestine. In this study, we performed the lymph duct-cannulation study in rats and analyzed the level of TGOOH in lymph following administration of a TG emulsion containing TGOOH. As we successfully detected TGOOH from the lymph, we hypothesized that this might be originated from the intestinal absorption of dietary TGOOH [hypothesis I] and/or the in situ formation of TGOOH [hypothesis II]. To determine the validity of these hypotheses, we then performed another cannulation study using a TG emulsion containing a deuterium-labeled TGOOH (D2-TGOOH) that is traceable in vivo. After administration of this emulsion to rats, we clearly detected unlabeled TGOOH instead of D2-TGOOH from the lymph, indicating that TGOOH is not absorbed from the intestine but is more likely to be produced in situ. By discriminating the isomeric structures of TGOOH present in lymph, we predicted the mechanism by which the intake of dietary TGOOH triggers oxidative stress (e.g., via generation of singlet oxygen) and induces in situ formation of TGOOH. The results of this study hereby provide a foothold to better understand the physiological significance of TGOOH on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shunji Kato
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; J-Oil Mills Innovation Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Isabella Supardi Parida
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mayuko Itaya-Takahashi
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaino
- J-Oil Mills Innovation Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jun Imagi
- J-Oil Mills Innovation Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshinaga-Kiriake
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; J-Oil Mills Innovation Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
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