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Al Shehhi YI, Elemam NM, Alsaegh MA. The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:250. [PMID: 38373910 PMCID: PMC10875873 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the levels of salivary proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients living with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those in healthy individuals three times: before tooth extraction and at 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. METHODS The study included 27 participants. Among them, 20 (n = 20; 74%) had type II DM, and seven (n = 7; 26%) were healthy control subjects. Saliva samples were collected at three time intervals: before tooth extraction and 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. The salivary biomarkers were investigated using a Luminex multiplex assay. These salivary biomarkers included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). RESULTS At baseline, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β (P = 0.016). Moreover, 2 hours after extraction, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α than did healthy control subjects (P = 0.046 and P = 0.020, respectively). In addition, 2 days after tooth extraction, the DM group had significantly greater IL-6 levels (P = 0.010) than the control group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type II DM, salivary proinflammatory biomarker levels are generally comparable or lower than those in healthy control subjects. Proinflammatory cytokines manifest differently in patients with type II DM after tooth extraction than in normal healthy individuals. There is generally a delayed early response of salivary proinflammatory markers in patients living with type II DM who undergo tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Ibrahim Al Shehhi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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Shirzaiy M, Dalirsani Z, Peymankar P, Taherizadeh M. Relationship between salivary levels of interleukin-8 and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e455. [PMID: 37775939 PMCID: PMC10638620 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, which genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. Cytokines as important elements in the immune system have diverse expressions in different individuals and societies and are effective in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study investigated the relationship between blood sugar control and salivary levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 73 subjects (35 diabetic and 38 healthy individuals). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and the correlation between IL-8, as an inflammatory marker and HbA1c (Haemoglobin A1C) was studied. RESULTS The levels of IL-8 and HbA1c were significantly higher in the patient group than control group (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). There was not any relationship between salivary IL-8 levels and glycemic control levels (p = .629). Also, there was no remarkable difference between men and women in terms of the levels of IL-8 and HbA1c saliva (p = .524, p = .998, respectively). CONCLUSION Although the salivary IL-8 levels were higher in the diabetic patients, blood sugar control did not significantly affect cytokine concentrations. Increased salivary levels of IL-8 in patients with type 2 diabetes could be a basis for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Shirzaiy
- Oral and Dental Disease Research CenterZahedan University of Medical ScienceZahedanIran
| | - Zohreh Dalirsani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Payam Peymankar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research CenterZahedan University of Medical ScienceZahedanIran
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Veljovic T, Djuric M, Mirnic J, Gusic I, Maletin A, Ivic S, Stojilkovic M, Brkic S. Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment on Salivary and Plasma Superoxide Dismutase Levels of Patients Suffering from Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6688. [PMID: 37892826 PMCID: PMC10607828 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant capacity is frequently measured by evaluating superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration in body fluids. The aim of this study was to compare SOD concentrations in the saliva and plasma of patients with periodontitis to those measured in a group of patients with healthy periodontium, as well as to evaluate the influence of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on salivary and plasma SOD in periodontitis patients. For this purpose, 40 systemically healthy patients aged 30-70 years who had at least 20 teeth were recruited, 20 of whom had periodontitis, and 20 served as healthy periodontitis-free controls. In all participants, periodontal status was assessed via the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papilla bleeding index (PIB), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), and the SOD concentration in both saliva and plasma was determined by conducting a commercial immunoenzymatic ELISA test. In periodontitis patients, periodontal indices and saliva and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study, as well as 3 months after periodontal therapy, while in the control group, these data were gathered at the beginning of the study only. SOD values in the saliva of patients with periodontitis (0.244 U/µL) were statistically significantly higher compared with patients with healthy periodontium (0.017 U/µL). Moreover, periodontal therapy led to a statistically significant decrease in this marker in the saliva of patients with periodontitis (p = 0.023), which was comparable with that measured in the control group. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were noted in plasma SOD values either between the two groups or at follow-up compared with baseline in the group with periodontitis. These findings suggest that the elevated salivary SOD in patients with periodontal disease may represent a mechanism of tissue protection against oxidative stress that occurs in response to periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Veljovic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Milanko Djuric
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mirnic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Ivana Gusic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Maletin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Stojan Ivic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Stojilkovic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Snezana Brkic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.D.); (J.M.); (I.G.); (A.M.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Pasarin L, Martu MA, Ciurcanu OE, Luca EO, Salceanu M, Anton D, Martu C, Martu S, Esanu IM. Influence of Diabetes Mellitus and Smoking on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3051. [PMID: 37835794 PMCID: PMC10572228 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking and diabetes mellitus have been recognized as significant modifying factors of the evolution of periodontitis, being considered at the moment as descriptive factors in the periodontitis grading system. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequence of smoking, type 2 diabetes, and the combination of these two factors on clinical periodontal parameters, on the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and also on ratios of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by using a commercially available kit-based multiplex fluorescent immunoassay. The study was carried out on 124 volunteers (control (C) group = 29, diabetes mellitus (DM) group = 32, smoking (S) group = 31, and S + DM group = 32). Total mean bleeding on probing was significantly lower in the S and S + DM groups, compared to that of the other groups (p < 0.05). Total amounts of TGF-β, MIP-1α, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-17 were significantly increased in the periodontally healthy sites of diabetes patients (p < 0.05), compared to those of the controls. Systemically healthy smoking patients had higher values of GM-CSF, TGF-β, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-7, while diabetic smoking patients showed higher values of IL-4, TGF-β, and MIP-1α. In smoking and systemically healthy patients, IL-23, IL-7, and IL-12 showed increased concentrations, while concentrations of TGF-β, MIP-1α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 were higher in smoking DM patients. In conclusion, in our study, diabetes mellitus induced a general pro-inflammatory state, while smoking mainly stimulated immunosuppression in the periodontal tissues of periodontitis subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pasarin
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (E.O.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Martu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (E.O.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Oana Elena Ciurcanu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (E.O.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Elena Odette Luca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (E.O.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Mihaela Salceanu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (E.O.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Diana Anton
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos Galati, 35 Alexandru Ioan Cuza Street, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Cristian Martu
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Silvia Martu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (E.O.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Irina Mihaela Esanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.); (I.M.E.)
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Aizenbud I, Wilensky A, Almoznino G. Periodontal Disease and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13011. [PMID: 37629193 PMCID: PMC10455993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a complex and progressive chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the loss of alveolar bone and teeth. It has been associated with various systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and obesity, among others. Some of these conditions are part of the metabolic syndrome cluster, a group of interconnected systemic diseases that significantly raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The metabolic syndrome cluster encompasses central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In this review, our objective is to investigate the correlation between periodontal disease and the components and outcomes of the metabolic syndrome cluster. By doing so, we aim to gain insights into the fundamental mechanisms that link each systemic condition with the metabolic syndrome. This deeper understanding of the interplay between these conditions and periodontal disease can pave the way for more effective treatments that take into account the broader impact of managing periodontal disease on the comprehensive treatment of systemic diseases, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Aizenbud
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Jerusalem 60930, Israel;
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Dean’s Office, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Cirelli T, Nicchio IG, Bussaneli DG, Silva BR, Nepomuceno R, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Theodoro LH, Barros SP, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Evidence Linking PPARG Genetic Variants with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Brazilian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076760. [PMID: 37047733 PMCID: PMC10095581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the PPARG gene could contribute with susceptibility to develop periodontitis alone or together with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, we evaluated the gene-phenotype association by assessing the subjects' biochemical and periodontal parameters, and the expression of PPARG and other immune response-related genes. We examined 345 subjects with a healthy periodontium and without T2DM, 349 subjects with moderate or severe periodontitis but without T2DM, and 202 subjects with moderate or severe periodontitis and T2DM. PPARG SNPs rs12495364, rs1801282, rs1373640, and rs1151999 were investigated. Multiple logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status showed that individuals carrying rs1151999-GG had a 64% lower chance of developing periodontitis together with T2DM. The CCGT haplotype increased the risk of developing periodontitis together with T2DM. The rs1151999-GG and rs12495364-TC were associated with reduced risk of obesity, periodontitis, elevated triglycerides, and elevated glycated hemoglobin, but there was no association with gene expression. Polymorphisms of the PPARG gene were associated with developing periodontitis together with T2DM, and with obesity, lipid, glycemic, and periodontal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Cirelli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Center-UNIFAE, São João da Boa Vista 13870-377, SP, Brazil
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingra G Nicchio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego G Bussaneli
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nepomuceno
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana R P Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes-UNILAGO, São José do Rio Preto 15030-070, SP, Brazil
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia H Theodoro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araçatuba, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana P Barros
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raquel M Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
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The Bidirectional Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus-A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040681. [PMID: 36832168 PMCID: PMC9954907 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the presence of a bacterial biofilm known as dental plaque. This biofilm affects the supporting apparatus of the teeth, especially the periodontal ligaments and the bone surrounding the teeth. Periodontal disease and diabetes seem to be interrelated and in a bidirectional relationship, and have been increasingly studied in recent decades. For example, diabetes mellitus has a detrimental effect on periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence, extent, and severity. In turn, periodontitis negatively affects glycemic control and the course of diabetes. This review aims to present the most recently discovered factors that contribute to the pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of these two diseases. Specifically, the article focuses on microvascular complications, oral microbiota, pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in diabetes, and periodontal disease. As presented in this review, these two diseases require specific/ complementary therapeutic solutions when they occur in association, with new clinical trials and epidemiological research being necessary for better control of this interdependent pathogenic topic.
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Custom-Made Direct Metal Laser Sintering Titanium Subperiosteal Implants in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for Severe Bone-Deficient Patients—A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102531. [PMID: 36292220 PMCID: PMC9601393 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, a combination of classical subperiosteal implant designs with 3D imaging and printing allows one to reduce treatment time and provides support for fixed prostheses in cases where other techniques do not provide satisfactory results. This study aims to present a digital technique for the manufacturing of custom-made subperiosteal implants and what complications might appear after this type of surgery. Methods: Sixteen patients treated with a custom-made DMLS titanium subperiosteal implant during the period between October 2021 and February 2022 were enrolled in the study. Orthopantomography (OPT) and cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) were recorded for all patients. The measurements taken into account in this study were the fit and stability of implants, duration of surgery, implant survival, and early and late complications. Results: The fit of the implants was extremely satisfactory, with a mean rating of 4 out of 5. The mean duration of the intervention was 86.18 min. At the end of the study, one implant was lost due to insufficient fit and recurrent, untreatable infections. Eleven implants (69%) were placed on the maxillary and five (31%) implants were placed on the mandible. Conclusions: Taking this into consideration, custom-made DMLS titanium subperiosteal implants could present satisfactory implant survival and low complication rates.
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Cold Stress Induced Liver Injury of Mice through Activated NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pyroptosis Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070927. [PMID: 35883482 PMCID: PMC9312970 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The body needs to generate heat to ensure basic life activities when exposed to cold temperatures. The liver, as the largest glycogen storage organ in the body and main heat-producing organ at rest, may play a role in chronic cold exposure. Recent studies suggested that pyroptosis plays a crucial role in liver diseases. However, the role of pyroptosis in cold stress-induced liver injury is not clear. Hence, in this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of chronic cold exposure on liver function, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in mice by establishing a mouse model of chronic cold exposure, and to investigate whether pyroptosis pathways are involved in the process of chronic cold exposure. In vivo, our results show that inflammatory cell infiltration and other pathological changes in liver cells and the activity of liver enzyme evidently increased in the serum and liver of cold-exposed mice, suggesting cold stress may result in liver injury. Remarkably, increased expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 proteins proved the cold stress model is successfully constructed. Then, elevated levels of apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and pyroptosis related proteins and mRNAs, such as cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and gasdermins D (GSDMD), confirmed that cold exposure activated apoptosis, oxidative stress and pyroptosis, and released inflammation cytokines. Meanwhile, in vitro, we got similar results as in vivo. Further, adding an NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitors found that suppression expression of NLRP3 results in the essential proteins of pyroptosis and antioxidant evidently reduced, and adding GSDMD inhibitor found that suppression expression of GSDMD accompanies with the level of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) obviously reduced. In summary, these findings provide a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the cold stress response, which can inform the development of new strategies to combat the effects of hypothermia.
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Mârțu I, Murariu A, Baciu ER, Savin CN, Foia I, Tatarciuc M, Diaconu-Popa D. An Interdisciplinary Study Regarding the Characteristics of Dental Resins Used for Temporary Bridges. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060811. [PMID: 35744074 PMCID: PMC9231152 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The surface condition of the materials that are used for temporary prostheses influences their microbial colonization, with a direct impact on the oral tissues. This study aims at a comparative analysis of three types of resins for temporary bridges using conventional and digital technologies. The attention was focused on the analysis of the surface characteristics and mechanical strength of these materials. Materials and Methods: The surface condition was assessed for three distinct materials both before and after polishing- heat-curing resin Superpont C + B (SpofaDental, Jicin, Czech Republic) used unconventional technology, Zotion dental milling polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block (Zotion, Chongqing, China) for provisional crowns/bridges used in digital subtractive technologies and Freeprint Temp (Detax GmbH & Co. KG, Ettlingen, Germany) resin for temporary crowns and bridges that are used in 3D printing technologies. The two-way ANOVA analysis indicated that polishing leads to a statistically significant increase in roughness coefficients for all the three resins that were tested (p < 0.001). While the highest roughness coefficients were displayed in the 3D cured sample, the largest decrease was reported by the milled sample Results: The results revealed that surface roughness was significantly influenced by both the type of resin that was used (p < 0.001) and the treatment that was induced by finishing and polishing (p < 0.001). Similar p-values were obtained for each of the three resins. Conclusions: The results demonstrated a significant optimization of the surfaces after finishing and polishing and statistically significant differences between the surface parameters and the mechanical properties of the samples. The low values of the roughness and the acceptable values of the mechanical resistance for the conventional samples indicate these materials for the long-term temporary bridge’s realization, allowing the correct restoration of the functions and the rehabilitation at the oral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mârțu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (M.T.); (D.D.-P.)
| | - Alice Murariu
- Department of Surgery, Discipline of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Raluca Baciu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.R.B.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Carmen Nicoleta Savin
- Department of Surgery, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.R.B.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Iolanda Foia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Discipline of Hygiene, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Monica Tatarciuc
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (M.T.); (D.D.-P.)
| | - Diana Diaconu-Popa
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (M.T.); (D.D.-P.)
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Assessment of Systemic and Maxillary Bone Loss in Cancer Patients with Endo-Periodontal Lesions Using Dkk-1 Biomarker and Dental Radiological Examinations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to correlate systemic bone loss by evaluating human Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1) biomarker compared to horizontal bone loss as well as the presence and size of periapical lesions assessed by dental X-ray (ortopantomography—OPT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with cancer in the ears, nose and throat (ENT) region vs. healthy controls. The study included 63 subjects divided into a study group of 33 cancer patients with ENT cancer (larynx/oropharynx/sinuses) and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from both groups to assess Dkk-1 level using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The dental radiological examination consisted of a panoramic X-ray and a CBCT in order to appraise the horizontal bone loss, the presence and size of the periapical lesions in 2D vs. 3D images. The panoramic X-ray showed that in the control group, the maximum bone loss reached 13.2 mm, with an average of 4.930 ± 3.258 mm, while in the study group, the maximum horizontal bone loss was 11.3 mm, with an average of 5.191 ± 2.109 mm. The CBCT 3D investigation, when compared to the OPT, showed increased values for horizontal bone loss, both in the control group and in the study group; in the control group, the maximum bone loss reached 14.10 mm, with an average of 5.736 ± 3.471 mm, and in the study group, the maximum value was 12.40 mm, and the average was again slightly higher (6.152 ± 2.519 mm). The mean value for Dkk-1 in cancer patients was 1.209 ± 0.110 ng/mL, significantly lower than the value observed in healthy patients (1.712 ± 0.100 ng/mL). CBCT revealed higher values for the investigated parameters when compared to panoramic X-rays. Taking into account the preliminary nature of our study, we observed a significant correlation between the level of bone loss recorded by the Dkk-1 biomarker and radiological dental examination in patients with ENT cancer when compared to the control group.
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