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Ma L, Zhou B, Liu H, Chen S, Zhang J, Wang T, Wang C. Dietary rutin improves the antidiarrheal capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal barrier function, antioxidant capacity and cecal microbiota composition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6262-6275. [PMID: 38466088 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early weaning is prone to damage intestinal barrier function, resulting in diarrhea, whereas rutin, as a natural flavonoid with multiple biological functions, shows potential in piglets. Therefore, the effects of dietary rutin on growth, antidiarrheal, barrier function, antioxidant status and cecal microbiota of weaned piglets were investigated with the control group (CON) (basal diet) and Rutin (basal diet+500 mg kg-1 rutin) groups fed for 14 days. RESULTS The results showed that dietary 500 mg kg-1 rutin significantly decreased diarrhea index, serum diamine oxidase activity and total aerobic bacterial population in mesenteric lymph nodes, whereas it significantly increased the gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) and serum growth hormone content, jejunal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and also enhanced jejunal claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 mRNA and protein expression. Meanwhile, dietary rutin significantly decreased inflammation-associated mRNA expression, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, swollen mitochondrial number and mitochondrial area in the jejunum, whereas it increased the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, dietary rutin significantly increased Firmicutes abundance and decreased Campylobacterota abundance, which were closely associated with the decreased diarrhea index and MDA content or increased Claudin-1 expression and T-SOD activity. CONCLUSION Dietary 500 mg kg-1 rutin increased G:F by improving intestinal morphology, and alleviated diarrhea by enhancing intestinal barrier, which might be associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity via activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and the improved cecal microbial composition in weaned piglets. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Huang YC, Tung CL, Ho ST, Li WS, Li S, Tung YT, Wu JH. Nutraceutical Potential of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) Hull: Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Liver Protection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:721. [PMID: 38929160 PMCID: PMC11201270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum), a traditional Taiwanese crop enriched with phenolic compounds and betalain pigments, is associated with various health benefits, including antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. This study analysed the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of extracts from both the hull and kernel of Djulis. The hull extract, which contained higher levels of flavonoids and exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the kernel extract, was selected for further in vivo studies. These experiments showed that oral administration of the Djulis hull crude extract significantly mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reducing plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and enhancing liver levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4). Additionally, the extract demonstrated potential in inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, a critical signalling pathway in inflammation and apoptosis, offering insights into its protective mechanisms. These findings underscore Djulis hull's potential as a functional food ingredient for ALI prevention and propose a valuable application for agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Sung Li
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Sun L, Wen L, Li Q, Chen R, Wen S, Lai X, Lai Z, Cao J, Zhang Z, Hao M, Cao F, Sun S. Microbial Fermentation Enhances the Effect of Black Tea on Hyperlipidemia by Mediating Bile Acid Metabolism and Remodeling Intestinal Microbes. Nutrients 2024; 16:998. [PMID: 38613030 PMCID: PMC11013065 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Black tea (BT), the most consumed tea worldwide, can alleviate hyperlipidemia which is a serious threat to human health. However, the quality of summer BT is poor. It was improved by microbial fermentation in a previous study, but whether it affects hypolipidemic activity is unknown. Therefore, we compared the hypolipidemic activity of BT and microbially fermented black tea (EFT). The results demonstrated that BT inhibited weight gain and improved lipid and total bile acid (TBA) levels, and microbial fermentation reinforced this activity. Mechanistically, both BT and EFT mediate bile acid circulation to relieve hyperlipidemia. In addition, BT and EFT improve dyslipidemia by modifying the gut microbiota. Specifically, the increase in Lactobacillus johnsonii by BT, and the increase in Mucispirillum and Colidextribacter by EFT may also be potential causes for alleviation of hyperlipidemia. In summary, we demonstrated that microbial fermentation strengthened the hypolipidemic activity of BT and increased the added value of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Lianghua Wen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (L.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Shuai Wen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Junxi Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Mengjiao Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Fanrong Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (L.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
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Wang Z, You L, Ren Y, Zhu X, Mao X, Liang X, Wang T, Guo Y, Liu T, Xue J. Finasteride Alleviates High Fat Associated Protein-Overload Nephropathy by Inhibiting Trimethylamine N-Oxide Synthesis and Regulating Gut Microbiota. Front Physiol 2022; 13:900961. [PMID: 36045744 PMCID: PMC9420981 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.900961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet especially high-fat diet (HFD) is the major cause of hyperlipidemia leading to deterioration of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in patients. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut-derived uremic toxin. Our previous clinical study demonstrated that the elevation of TMAO was positively correlated with CKD progression. Finasteride, a competitive and specific inhibitor of type II 5a-reductase, has been reported recently to be able to downregulate plasma TMAO level thus preventing the onset of atherosclerosis by our research group. In this study, we established a protein-overload nephropathy CKD mouse model by bovine serum albumin (BSA) injection to investigate whether hyperlipidemia could accelerate CKD progression and the underlying mechanisms. Finasteride was administrated to explore its potential therapeutic effects. The results of biochemical analyses and pathological examination showed that HFD-induced hyperlipidemia led to aggravated protein-overload nephropathy in mice along with an elevated level of circulating TMAO, which can be alleviated by finasteride treatment possibly through inhibition of Fmo3 in liver. The 16 S rRNA sequencing results indicated that HFD feeding altered the composition and distribution of gut microbiota in CKD mice contributing to the enhanced level of TMAO precursor TMA, while finasteride could exert beneficial effects via promoting the abundance of Alistipes_senegalensis and Akkermansia_muciniphila. Immunofluorescence staining (IF) and qRT-PCR results demonstrated the disruption of intestinal barrier by decreased expression of tight junction proteins including Claudin-1 and Zo-1 in HFD-fed CKD mice, which can be rescued by finasteride treatment. Cytokine arrays and redox status analyses revealed an upregulated inflammatory level and oxidative stress after HFD feeding in CKO mice, and finasteride-treatment could alleviate these lesions. To summarize, our study suggested that finasteride could alleviate HFD-associated deterioration of protein-overload nephropathy in mice by inhibition of TMAO synthesis and regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyuan Wang
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li You
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhu
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Mao
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowan Liang
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yumeng Guo, ; Te Liu, ; Jun Xue,
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yumeng Guo, ; Te Liu, ; Jun Xue,
| | - Jun Xue
- Division of Nephrology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yumeng Guo, ; Te Liu, ; Jun Xue,
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