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Yan Z, Gui Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Wen C, Olatunji OJ, Suttikhana I, Ashaolu TJ. Gastrointestinal digestion of food proteins: Anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory mechanisms of the derived peptides. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114573. [PMID: 38876600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Food proteins and their peptides play a significant role in the important biological processes and physiological functions of the body. The peptides show diverse biological benefits ranging from anticancer to antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory, among others. In this review, an overview of food protein digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and the mechanisms involved was presented. As some proteins remain resistant and undigested, the multifarious factors (e.g. protein type and structure, microbial composition, pH levels and redox potential, host factors, etc.) affecting their colonic fermentation, the derived peptides, and amino acids that evade intestinal digestion are thus considered. The section that follows focuses on the mechanisms of the peptides with anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory effects. As further considerations were made, it is concluded that clinical studies targeting a clear understanding of the gastrointestinal stability, bioavailability, and safety of food-based peptides are still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yang Gui
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaohai Zhang
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Chaoling Wen
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu City 241000, Anhui, China.
| | | | - Itthanan Suttikhana
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice 2, Czechia.
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
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Olson EG, Dittoe DK, Chatman CC, Majumder ELW, Ricke SC. Campylobacter jejuni and casein hydrolysate addition: Impact on poultry in vitro cecal microbiota and metabolome. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303856. [PMID: 38787822 PMCID: PMC11125459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of casein hydrolysates on the poultry ceca inoculated with Campylobacter focusing on microbial molecular preferences for different protein sources in the presence of Campylobacter jejuni. Three casein sources (intact casein (IN), casein enzyme hydrolysate (EH), and casein acid hydrolysate (AH)) were introduced to cecal contents in combination with inoculated C. jejuni in an in vitro model system incubated for 48 h at 42°C under microaerophilic conditions. Samples were collected at 0, 24, and 48 h. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified using custom dual-indexed primers, followed by sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained sequencing data were then analyzed via QIIME2-2021.11. Metabolite extracts were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid orbitrap chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Statistical analysis of metabolites was conducted using MetaboAnalyst 5.0, while functional analysis was performed using Mummichog 2.0 with a significance threshold set at P < 0.00001. DNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses revealed that C. jejuni was most abundant in the EH group. Microbial diversity and richness improved in casein supplemented groups, with core microbial differences observed, compared to non-supplemented groups. Vitamin B-associated metabolites significantly increased in the supplemented groups, displaying distinct patterns in vitamin B6 and B9 metabolism between EH and AH groups (P < 0.05). Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium were associated with AH and EH groups, respectively. These findings suggest microbial interactions in the presence of C. jejuni and casein supplementation are influenced by microbial community preferences for casein hydrolysates impacting B vitamin production and shaping competitive dynamics within the cecal microbial community. These findings underscore the potential of nutritional interventions to modulate the poultry GIT microbiota for improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - D. K. Dittoe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - C. C. Chatman
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - E. L.-W. Majumder
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - S. C. Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Bali P, Lal P, Sivapuram MS, Kutikuppala LVS, Avti P, Chanana A, Kumar S, Anand A. Mind over Microbes: Investigating the Interplay between Lifestyle Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Health. Neuroepidemiology 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38531341 DOI: 10.1159/000538416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota (GM) of the human body comprises several species of microorganisms. This microorganism plays a significant role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of various human diseases. METHODS The literature review includes studies that describe causative factors that influence GM. The GM is sensitive to various factors like circadian rhythms, environmental agents, physical activity, nutrition, and hygiene that together impact the functioning and composition of the gut microbiome. This affects the health of the host, including the psycho-neural aspects, due to the interconnectivity between the brain and the gut. Hence, this paper examines the relationship of GM with neurodegenerative disorders in the context of these aforesaid factors. CONCLUSION Future studies that identify the regulatory pathways associated with gut microbes can provide a causal link between brain degeneration and the gut at a molecular level. Together, this review could be helpful in designing preventive and treatment strategies aimed at GM, so that neurodegenerative diseases can be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Bali
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Parth Lal
- Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhava Sai Sivapuram
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Peda Avutapalli, India
| | | | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Saurabh Kumar
- CCRYN-Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- CCRYN-Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Centre for Cognitive Science and Phenomenology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Calva-Cruz ODJ, Ovando-Vázquez C, De León-Rodríguez A, Veana F, Espitia-Rangel E, Treviño S, Barba-de la Rosa AP. Dietary Supplementation with Popped Amaranth Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Low Height-for-Age Children: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial. Foods 2023; 12:2760. [PMID: 37509852 PMCID: PMC10379428 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaranth has been recognized as a nutraceutical food because it contains high-quality proteins due to its adequate amino acid composition that covers the recommended requirements for children and adults. Since pre-Hispanic times, amaranth has been consumed as popped grain; the popping process improves its nutritive quality and improves its digestibility. Popped amaranth consumption has been associated with the recovery of malnourished children. However, there is no information on the impact that popped amaranth consumption has on gut microbiota composition. A non-randomized pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the changes in composition, structure, and function of the gut microbiota of stunted children who received four grams of popped amaranth daily for three months. Stool and serum were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified, and gut bacterial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biometry and hematology results showed that children had no pathology other than low height-for-age. A decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides coprocola, and Bacteroides stercoris bacteria related to inflammation and colitis, and an increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Streptococcus thermophiles bacteria associated with health and longevity, was observed. The results demonstrate that popped amaranth is a nutritious food that helps to combat childhood malnutrition through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- CONACYT-Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Veana
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles 79010, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Espitia-Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Texcoco 56250, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Ana Paulina Barba-de la Rosa
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
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Chaklader MR, Howieson J, Foysal MJ, Hanif MA, Abdel-Latif HM, Fotedar R. Fish waste to sustainable additives: Fish protein hydrolysates alleviate intestinal dysbiosis and muscle atrophy induced by poultry by-product meal in Lates calcarifer juvenile. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1145068. [PMID: 37057066 PMCID: PMC10086250 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1145068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorising waste from the processing of fishery and aquaculture products into functional additives, and subsequent use in aquafeed as supplements could be a novel approach to promoting sustainability in the aquaculture industry. The present study supplemented 10% of various fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs), obtained from the hydrolysis of kingfish (KH), carp (CH) and tuna (TH) waste, with 90% of poultry by-product meal (PBM) protein to replace fishmeal (FM) completely from the barramundi diet. At the end of the trial, intestinal mucosal barriers damage, quantified by villus area (VA), lamina propria area (LPA), LPA ratio, villus length (VL), villus width (VW), and neutral mucin (NM) in barramundi fed a PBM-based diet was repaired when PBM was supplemented with various FPHs (p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). PBM-TH diet further improved these barrier functions in the intestine of fish (p < 0.05 and 0.001). Similarly, FPHs supplementation suppressed PBM-induced intestinal inflammation by controlling the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α and il-10; p < 0.05 and 0.001) and a mucin-relevant production gene (i-mucin c; p < 0.001). The 16S rRNA data showed that a PBM-based diet resulted in dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria, supported by a lower abundance of microbial diversity (p < 0.001) aligned with a prevalence of Photobacterium. PBM-FPHs restored intestine homeostasis by enhancing microbial diversity compared to those fed a PBM diet (p < 0.001). PBM-TH improved the diversity (p < 0.001) further by elevating the Firmicutes phylum and the Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides genera. Muscle atrophy, evaluated by fiber density, hyperplasia and hypertrophy and associated genes (igf-1, myf5, and myog), occurred in barramundi fed PBM diet but was repaired after supplementation of FPHs with the PBM (p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). Similarly, creatine kinase, calcium, phosphorous, and haptoglobin were impacted by PBM-based diet (p < 0.05) but were restored in barramundi fed FPHs supplemented diets (p < 0.05 and 0.01). Hence, using circular economy principles, functional FPHs could be recovered from the fish waste applied in aquafeed formulations and could prevent PBM-induced intestinal dysbiosis and muscular atrophy.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reaz Chaklader
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Md Reaz Chaklader, ;
| | - Janet Howieson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Hanif
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Food Peptides, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Antihypertensive Effects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248806. [PMID: 36557936 PMCID: PMC9788432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly important in the overall human health and as such, it is a target in the search of novel strategies for the management of metabolic disorders including blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. The link between microbiota and hypertension is complex and this review is intended to provide an overview of the mechanism including the production of postbiotics, mitigation of inflammation, and the integration of food biological molecules within this complex system. The focus is on hydrolyzed food proteins and peptides which are less commonly investigated for prebiotic properties. The analysis of available data showed that food peptides are multifunctional and can prevent gut dysbiosis by positively affecting the production of postbiotics or gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, biogenic amines, bile acids). Peptides and the postbiotics then displayed antihypertensive effects via the renin-angiotensin system, the gut barrier, the endothelium, and reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite the promising antihypertensive effect of the food peptides via the modulation of the gut, there is a lack of human studies as most of the works have been conducted in animal models.
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Photoaging induced by long-term exposure to UV irradiation and amelioration by Skipjack tuna skin hydrolysates: Targeting inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling hyperactivation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Proteomics Characterization of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204400. [PMID: 36297084 PMCID: PMC9609859 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are found in foods and dietary supplements and are responsible for health benefits with applications in human and animal medicine. The health benefits include antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, opioid, antioxidant, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory functions. Bioactive peptides can be obtained by microbial action, mainly by the gastrointestinal microbiota from proteins present in food, originating from either vegetable or animal matter or by the action of different gastrointestinal proteases. Proteomics can play an important role in the identification of bioactive peptides. High-resolution mass spectrometry is the principal technique used to detect and identify different types of analytes present in complex mixtures, even when available at low concentrations. Moreover, proteomics may provide the characterization of epitopes to develop new food allergy vaccines and the use of immunomodulating peptides to induce oral tolerance toward offending food allergens or even to prevent allergic sensitization. In addition, food-derived bioactive peptides have been investigated for their anti-inflammatory properties to provide safer alternatives to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). All these bioactive peptides can be a potential source of novel drugs and ingredients in food and pharmaceuticals. The following review is focused on food-derived bioactive peptides with antiallergic and anti-inflammatory properties and summarizes the new insights into the use of proteomics for their identification and quantification.
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Okagu IU, Udenigwe CC. Transepithelial transport and cellular mechanisms of food-derived antioxidant peptides. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10861. [PMID: 36217466 PMCID: PMC9547200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the involvement of oxidative stress in the etiology of many non-communicable diseases, food-derived antioxidant peptides (FDAPs) are strong candidates for nutraceutical development for disease prevention and management. This paper reviews current evidence on the transepithelial transport and cellular mechanisms of antioxidant activities of FDAPs. Several FDAPs have multiple health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging activities, in addition to antioxidant properties through which they protect cellular components from oxidative damage. Some FDAPs have been shown to permeate the intestinal epithelium, which could facilitate their bioavailability and physiological bioactivities. Molecular mechanisms of FDAPs include suppression of oxidative stress as evidenced by reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and apoptotic protein activation as well as increase in antioxidant defense mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Since many FDAPs have demonstrated promising antioxidant activity, future investigation should focus on further elucidation of molecular mechanisms and human studies to explore their practical application for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent U. Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
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Methodology for Analysis of Peptide Consumption by Yeast during Fermentation of Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysate Supplemented Synthetic Medium Using UPLC-IMS-HRMS. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown the ability of yeast to consume peptides as a nitrogen source in single-peptide containing media. However, a suitable and cost-effective methodology to study the utilization of peptides by yeast and other microorganisms in a complex peptide mixture has yet to be put forward. This article addresses this issue by presenting a screening methodology for tracking the consumption of peptides by yeast during alcoholic fermentation. As a peptide source, the methodology makes use of an in-house prepared peptide-mapped bovine serum albumin (BSA) proteolytic digest, which was applied to a synthetic grape must. The peptide uptake was analyzed using high-throughput ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to data-independent acquisition-based ion mobility separation-enabled high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-DIA-IMS-HRMS) analysis. The relative changes of abundance of 123 di- to hexapeptides were monitored and reported during fermentations with three commercial wine strains, demonstrating different uptake kinetics for individual peptides. Using the same peptide-mapped BSA hydrolysate, the applicability of an untargeted workflow was additionally assessed for peptide profiling in unelucidated matrixes. The comparison of the results from peptide mapping and untargeted analysis experiments highlighted the ability of untargeted analysis to consistently identify small molecular weight peptides on the length and amino acid composition. The proposed method, in combination with other analytical techniques, such as gene or protein expression analysis, can be a useful tool for different metabolic studies related to the consumption of complex nitrogen sources by yeast or other microorganisms.
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