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Sun K, Yuan R, He J, Zhuo Y, Yang M, Hao E, Hou X, Yao C, Yang S, Gao H. Sugarcane leaf polysaccharide exerts a therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases through necroptosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21889. [PMID: 38027563 PMCID: PMC10658330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death wherein the necrotic morphology is characterized by swelling of the cells, rupture of the plasma membrane, and dysfunction of the organelle, has been always observed in cardiovascular diseases. Sugarcane leaf polysaccharide (SLP) are primary components present in sugarcane leaves that exert cardiovascular protective effects. However, the positive effect of SLP and underlying mechanisms in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) remain unexplored. Aim In this study, the protective effects of SLP on MI/R injury were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods The protective effects of SLP on MI/R injury were assessed using tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP)-stimulated-H9c2 cells in the in vitro assay and using Sprague Dawley rats in the in vivo assay. Results In vitro, SLP significantly reversed TBHP-induced H9c2 cell death by inhibiting necroptosis and oxidative stress. SLP exerted antioxidant activity through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. SLP suppressed necroptosis by decreasing phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL in TBHP-stimulated H9c2 cells. In vivo, SLP attenuated MI/R injury by decreasing the myocardial infarct area; increasing myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase levels; and reducing malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Youqiong Zhuo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica/Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues/Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica/Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues/Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Chun Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
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Yang C, Yang R, Gu M, Hao J, Wang S, Li C. Chitooligosaccharides Derivatives Protect ARPE-19 Cells against Acrolein-Induced Oxidative Injury. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030137. [PMID: 36976187 PMCID: PMC10058944 DOI: 10.3390/md21030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly. The progression of AMD is closely related to oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, a series of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) and N-acetylated derivatives (NACOSs) were prepared, and their protective effects on an acrolein-induced oxidative stress model of ARPE-19 were explored using the MTT assay. The results showed that COSs and NACOs alleviated APRE-19 cell damage induced by acrolein in a concentration-dependent manner. Among these, chitopentaose (COS–5) and its N-acetylated derivative (N–5) showed the best protective activity. Pretreatment with COS–5 or N–5 could reduce intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by acrolein, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, GSH level, and the enzymatic activity of SOD and GSH-Px. Further study indicated that N–5 increased the level of nuclear Nrf2 and the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. This study revealed that COSs and NACOSs reduced the degeneration and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial cells by enhancing antioxidant capacity, suggesting that they have the potential to be developed into novel protective agents for AMD treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-1631 (C.L.); Fax: +86-532-8203-3054 (C.L.)
| | - Chunxia Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-1631 (C.L.); Fax: +86-532-8203-3054 (C.L.)
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Rahman MA, Rahman MS, Parvez MAK, Kim B. The Emerging Role of Autophagy as a Target of Environmental Pollutants: An Update on Mechanisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020135. [PMID: 36851010 PMCID: PMC9965655 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular system crucial for cellular homeostasis that protects cells from a broad range of internal and extracellular stresses. Autophagy decreases metabolic load and toxicity by removing damaged cellular components. Environmental contaminants, particularly industrial substances, can influence autophagic flux by enhancing it as a protective response, preventing it, or converting its protective function into a pro-cell death mechanism. Environmental toxic materials are also notorious for their tendency to bioaccumulate and induce pathophysiological vulnerability. Many environmental pollutants have been found to influence stress which increases autophagy. Increasing autophagy was recently shown to improve stress resistance and reduce genetic damage. Moreover, suppressing autophagy or depleting its resources either increases or decreases toxicity, depending on the circumstances. The essential process of selective autophagy is utilized by mammalian cells in order to eliminate particulate matter, nanoparticles, toxic metals, and smoke exposure without inflicting damage on cytosolic components. Moreover, cigarette smoke and aging are the chief causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema; however, the disease's molecular mechanism is poorly known. Therefore, understanding the impacts of environmental exposure via autophagy offers new approaches for risk assessment, protection, and preventative actions which will counter the harmful effects of environmental contaminants on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Manai F, Govoni S, Amadio M. The Challenge of Dimethyl Fumarate Repurposing in Eye Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244061. [PMID: 36552824 PMCID: PMC9777082 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a small molecule currently approved and used in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis due to its immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. As an Nrf2 activator through Keap1 protein inhibition, DMF unveils a potential therapeutical use that is much broader than expected so far. In this comprehensive review we discuss the state-of-art and future perspectives regarding the potential repositioning of this molecule in the panorama of eye pathologies, including Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). The DMF's mechanism of action, an extensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo evidence of its beneficial effects, together with a search of the current clinical trials, are here reported. Altogether, this evidence gives an overview of the new potential applications of this molecule in the context of ophthalmological diseases characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, with a special focus on AMD, for which our gene-disease (KEAP1-AMD) database search, followed by a protein-protein interaction analysis, further supports the rationale of DMF use. The necessity to find a topical route of DMF administration to the eye is also discussed. In conclusion, the challenge of DMF repurposing in eye pathologies is feasible and worth scientific attention and well-focused research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987888
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Manai F, Amadio M. Dimethyl Fumarate Triggers the Antioxidant Defense System in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells through Nrf2 Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101924. [PMID: 36290650 PMCID: PMC9598343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a well-known activator of Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2), used in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. The mechanism of action consists in the modification of the cysteine residues on the Nrf2-inhibitor Keap1, thus leading to the dissociation of these two proteins and the consequent activation of Nrf2. Considering the paucity of evidence of DMF effects in the context of retinal endothelium, this in vitro study investigated the role of DMF in human retinal endothelial cells (HREC). Here, we show for the first time in HREC that DMF activates the Nrf2 pathway, thus leading to an increase in HO-1 protein levels and a decrease in intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, this molecule also shows beneficial properties in a model of hyperglucose stress, exerting cytoprotective prosurvival effects. The overall collected results suggest that DMF-mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway may also be a promising strategy in ocular diseases characterized by oxidative stress. This study opens a new perspective on DMF and suggests its potential repositioning in a broader therapeutical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987888
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