High Exogenous Antioxidant, Restorative Treatment (Heart) for Prevention of the Six Stages of Heart Failure: The Heart Diet

Oxidative Products of Catecholamines During Heightened Sympathetic Activity Due to Congestive Heart Failure: Possible Role of Antioxidants

The past several decades have shown the functional status of sympathetic activity in congestive heart failure. The results, particularly through clinical and basic studies in heart failure, indicate an increased sympathetic neural activity. The definitive and compelling evidence of the involvement of catecholamines is the demonstration that many drugs that are therapeutically useful in the treatment of heart failure also affect the sympathetic nervous system at various sites, including its synthesis, release and uptake of catecholamines and a decreased plasma norepinephrine level. Although it is not surprising that the sympathetic system is altered as cardiac function is compromised in heart failure, it now appears that this system may overreact in chronic situations. The detrimental cardiovascular problems result in the production of aminochrome and free radicals. Antioxidant therapy to target the production of aminochrome from autooxidation of catecholamines should provide an insight into the future therapeutic goal in situations like congestive heart failure.

Association between dietary intake of anthocyanidins and heart failure among American adults: NHANES (2007–2010 and 2017–2018)

Background

Despite anthocyanidins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, no studies have researched association between dietary intake of anthocyanidins and heart failure.

Methods

We enrolled 15,869 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2010 and 2017–2018) in this cross-sectional study. We examined baseline data and prevalence of heart failure in different quartile groups of anthocyanin intake (Q1-4). Three models were established through logistic regression to evaluate the protective effect of Q4 (highest anthocyanidins intake) on heart failure. The protective effect of high anthocyanidins intake on heart failure was further evaluated in different subgroups.

Results

Participants with the highest anthocyanidins intake (Q4) had the lowest prevalence of heart failure (Q1:2.54%, Q2:2.33%, Q3:2.43%, Q4:1.57%, p = 0.02). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, compared with the Q1 group, the highest anthocyanidins intake (Q4) was independently related to lower presence of heart failure (Q4: OR 0.469, 95%CI [0.289, 0.732], p = 0.003). And this association was still stable in subgroups of female, ≥45 years, smoker, non-Hispanic White or without diabetes, stroke and renal failure.

Conclusion

Dietary intake of anthocyanidins had negative association with the presence of heart failure.

Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health: Clinical evidence and mechanism

For centuries, the search for nutritional interventions to underpin cardiovascular treatment and prevention guidelines has contributed to the rapid development of the field of dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Numerous studies have demonstrated that healthy dietary patterns with emphasis on food-based recommendations are the gold standard for extending lifespan and reducing the risks of CMD and mortality. Healthy dietary patterns include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, and food intake patterns such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean diet, plant-based diets, etc. Early implementation of healthy dietary patterns in patients with CMD is encouraged, but an understanding of the mechanisms by which these patterns trigger cardiometabolic benefits remains incomplete. Hence, this review examined several dietary patterns that may improve cardiometabolic health, including restrictive dietary patterns, regional dietary patterns, and diets based on controlled macronutrients and food groups, summarizing cutting-edge evidence and potential mechanisms for CMD prevention and treatment. Particularly, considering individual differences in responses to dietary composition and nutritional changes in organ tissue diversity, we highlighted the critical role of individual gut microbiota in the crosstalk between diet and CMD and recommend a more precise and dynamic nutritional strategy for CMD by developing dietary patterns based on individual gut microbiota profiles.

Genetically determined serum bilirubin level and the risk of heart failure: A mendelian randomization study

Background: The association between serum bilirubin level and heart failure (HF) was controversial in previous observational studies and the causal effects of bilirubin on HF have not been investigated. Here, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the associations between genetically determined bilirubin level and HF. Methods: Summary data on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with serum bilirubin levels were obtained from genome-wide association study (GWAS) for individuals of European descent and East Asian descent separately. Statistical data for gene-HF associations were extracted from three databases: the HERMES Consortium (47,309 cases and 930,014 controls), FinnGen study (30,098 cases and 229,612 controls) for European population and Biobank Japan (2,820 HF cases and 192,383 controls) for East Asian population. We applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework to investigate the causal association between serum bilirubin and HF. Results: Findings from our MR analyses showed that genetically determined serum bilirubin levels were not causally associated with HF risk in either European or East Asian population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = .97-1.05 for HERMES Consortium; OR = 1.01 and 95% CI = .98-1.04 for FinnGen Study; OR = .82, 95% CI: .61-1.10 for Biobank Japan). These results remained unchanged using different Mendelian randomization methods and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Our study did not find any evidence to support a causal association between serum bilirubin and HF.

Diabetes-induced chronic heart failure is due to defects in calcium transporting and regulatory contractile proteins: cellular and molecular evidence

Heart failure (HF) is a major deteriorating disease of the myocardium due to weak myocardial muscles. As such, the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently around the body to meet its constant demand. HF is a major global health problem with more than 7 million deaths annually worldwide, with some patients dying suddenly due to sudden cardiac death (SCD). There are several risk factors which are associated with HF and SCD which can negatively affect the heart synergistically. One major risk factor is diabetes mellitus (DM) which can cause an elevation in blood glucose level or hyperglycaemia (HG) which, in turn, has an insulting effect on the myocardium. This review attempted to explain the subcellular, cellular and molecular mechanisms and to a lesser extent, the genetic factors associated with the development of diabetes- induced cardiomyopathy due to the HG which can subsequently lead to chronic heart failure (CHF) and SCD. The study first explained the structure and function of the myocardium and then focussed mainly on the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) processes highlighting the defects of calcium transporting (SERCA, NCX, RyR and connexin) and contractile regulatory (myosin, actin, titin and troponin) proteins. The study also highlighted new therapies and those under development, as well as preventative strategies to either treat or prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It is postulated that prevention is better than cure.