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Liu XY, Wang WZ, Yao SP, Li XY, Han RM, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhang JP. Antioxidation Activity Enhancement by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond and Non-Browning Mechanism of Active Ingredients in Rosemary: Carnosic Acid and Carnosol. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39073136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Rosemary is one of the most promising, versatile, and studied natural preservatives. Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CARN), as the primary active ingredients of rosemary extracts, have little difference in structure, but their antioxidant activities vary significantly, depending on the system studied. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. By means of optical spectroscopies, stopped-flow, laser photolysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have compared CA and CARN between their reaction dynamics of radical scavenging, metal ion chelation, and oxidation inhibition in lipid emulsion and beef, as well as between their interactions with β-carotene (β-Car). For reference, 3-isopropyl catechol (IC), which is structurally similar to the active groups of CA and CARN, was studied in parallel. It is found for CA that the intramolecular hydrogen bond can boost the acidity of its phenol hydroxyl and that the synergistic effect with β-Car can substantially enhance its antioxidation activity in the model systems of lipid and meat via the CA-to-β-Car electron transfer reaction. The substitution of A and B rings on the catechol group in both CA and CARN limits browning caused by their formation of oxidative products as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Song-Po Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rui-Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Scumaci D, Catalano A, Sinicropi MS, Tundis R, Alcaro S, Borges F. An Update on Recent Studies Focusing on the Antioxidant Properties of Salvia Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2106. [PMID: 38136225 PMCID: PMC10740915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has crucial effects and a significant role in disease prevention. Recently, nutraceuticals have attracted much attention in scientific research due to their pleiotropic effects and relatively non-toxic behavior. Among the biological effects displayed by plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase, sage is well known for its antioxidant properties and is a rich source of numerous compounds that are biologically active, amongst them polyphenols, with more than 160 types identified. In this review we summarized some of the significant studies published in the last decade reporting the most employed extraction methods and the different assays that are useful for establishing the antioxidant properties of some sage species. Even though the scientific literature contains plenty of data regarding the antioxidant properties of many sage species, further studies are needed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action and the compounds responsible for their antioxidant activity. Finally, it should be taken into account that the data on the antioxidant properties of sage extracts are often difficult to compare with each other, since a series of variables in the extraction procedures, the type of assay used, and standardization may affect the final result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, “S Venuta” Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, “S Venuta” Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Net4Science SRL, Academic Spinoff, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Associazione CRISEA-Centro di Ricerca e Servizi Avanzati per l’Innovazione Rurale, Loc. Condoleo, 88055 Belcastro, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
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Reguigui A, Ott PG, Darcsi A, Bakonyi J, Romdhane M, Móricz ÁM. Nine-dimensional bioprofiles of Tunisian sages (Salvia officinalis, S. aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography - effect-directed analyses. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463704. [PMID: 36528897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate extracts of Tunisian Salvia aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca aerial parts and S. officinalis leaves were examined via bioanalytical profiling using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with nine bioactivity assays, namely antibacterial (Aliivibrio fischeri, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodococcus fascians), antifungal (Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Fusarium avenaceum), radical scavenging (DPPH•), and enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and lipase) ones. The screening, using toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol 6:3:0.5 (V/V/V) as a mobile phase, revealed five bioactive zones (a-e) that were analyzed by HPTLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Zones b and c, observed exclusively in S. officinalis, were active in all assays except α-glucosidase, and only c inhibited F. avenaceum. Compounds in these zones were identified by HPLC-high resolution tandem MS (LC-HRMS/MS) as rosmanol/epi-rosmanol and methyl carnosate, respectively. In the bioactive zones a and e, corosolic/maslinic acid and ursolic/oleanolic acid isomer pairs were present, which could be identified in all three Salvia species after their HPTLC separation using pre-chromatographic derivatization with iodine and MS detection. The triterpenes inhibited B. subtilis and R. fascians bacteria and α-glucosidase enzyme. Linoleic and linolenic acids were detected in zone d, which showed strong lipase inhibition in all three sage species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Reguigui
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary; Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Péter G Ott
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - András Darcsi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Department, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Szabolcs Str. 33, Budapest 1135, Hungary
| | - József Bakonyi
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - Mehrez Romdhane
- Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Ágnes M Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary.
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Ramić D, Ogrizek J, Bucar F, Jeršek B, Jeršek M, Možina SS. Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Control with Lavandin Essential Oils and By-Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070854. [PMID: 35884108 PMCID: PMC9312237 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The food industry is constantly struggling with one of the most prevalent biofilm-forming and food-borne pathogenic bacteria, Campylobacter jejuni. Different approaches are used to control biofilms in the food production chain, but none is fully effective. In this study, we aim to produce and determine the chemical profile of essential oils (EOs), ethanolic extracts of flowers prior to distillation (EFs), and ethanolic extracts of post-distillation waste material (EWMs) from Lavandula × intermedia ‘Bila’, ‘Budrovka’ St Nicholas and ‘Budrovka’, which were further used to reduce C. jejuni intercellular signaling, adhesion, and biofilm formation, as well as to test their antioxidant activity. Glycosides of hydroxycinnamic acids were the major constituents of both types of lavandin ethanolic extract, while linalool, linalyl acetate, 1,8-cineol, and camphor were the major compounds found in lavandin EOs. Tested EOs showed the best antibacterial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. Lavandin EFs proved more effective in reducing C. jejuni intercellular signaling and adhesion compared to lavandin EOs and EWMs, while lavandin EOs showed a slightly better effect against biofilm formation. Interestingly, the best antioxidant activity was determined for lavandin EWMs. A positive and moderate correlation was found between the reduction of C. jejuni intercellular signaling and adhesion, as well as between adhesion and biofilm formation. These findings mean novel bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm control with alternative natural agents throughout the whole food production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Ramić
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Janja Ogrizek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Barbka Jeršek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Miha Jeršek
- Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova Cesta 20, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-320-3751
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A Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Rosemary Leaf Extract Identifies Carnosol as a Major Hypertrophy Inducer in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124190. [PMID: 34959741 PMCID: PMC8706380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A good quality of life requires maintaining adequate skeletal muscle mass and strength, but therapeutic agents are lacking for this. We developed a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to identify molecules with hypertrophy-promoting effect in human skeletal muscle cells. We found that extracts from rosemary leaves induce muscle cell hypertrophy. By bioassay-guided purification we identified the phenolic diterpene carnosol as the compound responsible for the hypertrophy-promoting activity of rosemary leaf extracts. We then evaluated the impact of carnosol on the different signaling pathways involved in the control of muscle cell size. We found that activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway by carnosol is not sufficient to mediate its hypertrophy-promoting effect. Moreover, carnosol inhibits the expression of the ubiquitin ligase E3 Muscle RING Finger protein-1 that plays an important role in muscle remodeling, but has no effect on the protein synthesis pathway controlled by the protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. By measuring the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, we found that proteasome activity was significantly decreased by carnosol and Muscle RING Finger 1 inactivation. These results strongly suggest that carnosol can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy by repressing the ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent protein degradation pathway through inhibition of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Muscle RING Finger protein-1.
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7-Ethoxyrosmanol alleviates hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by regulating FBXL7 expression. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:553-560. [PMID: 34427826 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current therapeutic strategy for hyperglycemia is reasonable diet and appropriate exercise with drugs, whose outcome is unsatisfied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the new candidate drug 7-Ethoxyrosmanol (7ERM) on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different doses of 7ERM in the presence of 33 mM high glucose to measure cell injury, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Then F-box/LRR-repeat protein 7 (FBXL7) knockdown by siRNA or overexpressed by plasmid in HUVECs was assessed its effect in the protective role on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. 7ERM time-dependently increased high glucose-induced cell injury, the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS production in HUVECs. Moreover, high glucose time-dependently increased the FBXL7 expressions, which could be gradually inhibited by 7ERM. FBXL7 knockdown ameliorated high glucose-induced cell injury. On the contrary, FBXL7 over-expression inhibited the protective effect of 7ERM on cell injury. In conclusion, 7ERM effectively attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs by regulating FBXL7 expression, indicating its potential as a therapeutic drug to treat hyperglycemia.
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7
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Arooj M, Imran S, Inam‐ur‐Raheem M, Rajoka MSR, Sameen A, Siddique R, Sahar A, Tariq S, Riaz A, Hussain A, Siddeeg A, Aadil RM. Lotus seeds ( Nelumbinis semen) as an emerging therapeutic seed: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3971-3987. [PMID: 34262752 PMCID: PMC8269573 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nelumbinis semen is commonly known as lotus seeds that have been used as a vegetable, functional food, and medicine for 7,000 years. These are low caloric, a rich source of multiple nutrients and bioactive constituents, which make it a unique therapeutic food. N. semen plays an important part in the physiological functions of the body. Nowadays, people are more conscious about their health and desire to treat disease naturally with minimal side effects. So, functional foods are getting popularity due to a wide range of essential constituents, which are associated to decrease the risk of chronic diseases. These bioactive compounds from seeds are involved in anti-adipogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, cardiovascular, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-microbial, anti-viral, hypoglycemic, etc. Moreover, the relationship between functional compounds along with their mechanism of action in the body, their extraction from the seeds for further research would be of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzalfa Arooj
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Saira Imran
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam‐ur‐Raheem
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Aysha Sameen
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Rabia Siddique
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food EngineeringUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Shiza Tariq
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ayesha Riaz
- Institute of Home SciencesUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and TechnologyFaculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of GeziraWad MedaniSudan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
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Lee FY, Vo GT, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Mango rejects and mango waste: Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant potential. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung Ying Lee
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Gia Toan Vo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
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Lim Ah Tock MJ, Chen W, Combrinck S, Sandasi M, Kamatou GPP, Viljoen AM. Exploring the phytochemical variation of non-volatile metabolites within three South African Salvia species using UPLC-MS fingerprinting and chemometric analysis. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104940. [PMID: 34029652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The South African Salvia species, Salvia africana-lutea, S. lanceolata and S. chamelaeagnea, are widely used to treat fever and inflammation associated with skin and lung infections. The aim of this study was to explore the non-volatile secondary metabolites and the phytochemical variation within these lesser known species, to support product development and commercialisation. Chemical profiles of the methanol extracts of 81 wild-harvested samples were obtained using ultra performance-quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-qToF-MS). Forty-one compounds, including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid, were detected and confirmed across the three species. Nineteen compounds were tentatively identified of which 14 have not been reported in these species. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clusters corresponding to the three species, confirming chemical differences. Marker compounds for each species were revealed using orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis. Further chemometric analysis reflected a degree of intraspecies variation, although the chemistry within populations was mostly conserved. Potential chemotypes for each species were identified through unique compounds associated with each group. The concentrations of medicinally important metabolites, namely, rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid, were determined, using validated UPLC-PDA methods. Ursolic acid was present at levels up to 38.2 mg/g, confirming that these species are a rich source of this compound. No similar studies combining liquid chromatography with chemometric analysis, and utilising a large sample size from various habitats, have been reported for these three Salvia species. The results will guide selection of cultivars with the best attributes for the intended therapeutic application, thereby protecting wild populations from over-exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lim Ah Tock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - W Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G P P Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Etsassala NG, Hussein AA, Nchu F. Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:279. [PMID: 33535455 PMCID: PMC7912742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most dangerous metabolic disorders, with high rates of mortality worldwide. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases, including diabetes and its related complications. Plants are widely accepted, affordable, and perceived to have minimal adverse side effects. The Lamiaceae family is a potential source of therapeutic agents for the management of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Hence, this review paper summarizes the antidiabetic use of Lamiaceae species in folk medicine globally. Furthermore, we present the antidiabetic activities and phytochemical constituents of twenty-three (23) Lamiaceae species and the antidiabetic activity of some notable chemical constituents isolated from some of these Lamiaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Etsassala NGER, Badmus JA, Marnewick JL, Iwuoha EI, Nchu F, Hussein AA. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia aurita Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1149. [PMID: 33228164 PMCID: PMC7699461 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most dangerous metabolic diseases with a high rate of mortality worldwide. It is well known that insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin production from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristics of DM. Due to the detrimental side effects of the current treatment, there is a considerable need to develop new effective antidiabetic drugs, especially alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors with lesser adverse effects. These inhibitors are known to be directly involved in the delay of carbohydrate digestion, resulting in a reduction of glucose absorption rate and, consequently, reducing the postprandial rise of plasma glucose, which can reduce the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Furthermore, natural products are well-known sources for the discovery of new bioactive compounds that can serve as scaffolds for drug discovery, including that of new antidiabetic drugs. The phytochemical investigation of Salvia aurita collected from Hogobach Pass, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (SA), yielded four known abietane diterpenes namely carnosol (1), rosmanol (2), 7-methoxyrosmanol (3), 12-methoxycarnosic acid (4), and one flavonoid named 4,7-dimethylapigenin (5). Structural characterization of these isolated compounds was conducted using 1 and 2D NMR, in comparison with reported spectroscopic data. These compounds are reported for the first time from S. aurita. The biological evaluation of the isolated compound against alpha-glucosidase exhibited strong inhibitory activities for 3 and 2 with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.2 ± 0.7 and 16.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively, while 4 and 1 demonstrated strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity amongst the isolated compounds with IC50 values of 16.2 ± 0.3 and 19.8 ± 1.4 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirms the strong inhibitory activity of 3 against alpha-glucosidase. Additionally, excellent antioxidant capacities were displayed by 2, 1, and 3, respectively, with oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (25.79 ± 0.01; 23.96 ± 0.01; 23.94 ± 0.02) mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; 1 and 2 as ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (3.92 ± 0.002; 1.52 ± 0.002) mM ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g; 5 and 2 as Trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC) (3.19 ± 0.003; 2.06 ± 0.003) mM TE/g. The methanolic extract of S. aurita is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activities that can be useful to modulate oxidative stress and might possibly be excellent candidates for the management of diabetes. This is the first scientific report on the phytochemical isolation and biological evaluation of the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Salvia aurita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Huyen LT, Oanh LT, Son NT, Thu NTM, Hoang NH, Yen PH, Nhiem NX, Huu Tai B, Kiem PV. A New Phenylethanoid Glycoside From the Leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis With Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20969088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new phenylethanoid glycoside, named rosmacinalis (1), and 6x known compounds {2-phenylethyl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1‴→6″)- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), clinopodiolide C (3), rosmanol (4), 7 α-methoxyrosmanol (5) 7 β-methoxyrosmanol (6) and carnosol (7)} were isolated from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of high-resolution electron spray ionization mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data, as well as by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1‐7 was evaluated by their inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At a concentration of 100 µM, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory rates of 47.1% ± 2.2% and 44.5% ± 1.3%, respectively, while compounds 3‐7 showed a cytotoxic effect. After dilution to a concentration of 20 µM, except compound 7, compounds 1‐6 did not show a cytotoxic effect. Their NO inhibitory rates ranged from 14.2% ± 1.3% to 31.1% ± 1.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Huyen
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Oanh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Son
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Etsassala NGER, Badmus JA, Waryo TT, Marnewick JL, Cupido CN, Hussein AA, Iwuoha EI. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Abietane Diterpenes from Salvia africana-lutea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E421. [PMID: 31547166 PMCID: PMC6827013 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The re-investigation of a methanolic extract of Salvia africana-lutea collected from the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa (SA), afforded four new abietane diterpenes, namely 19-acetoxy-12-methoxycarnosic acid (1), 3β-acetoxy-7α-methoxyrosmanol (2), 19-acetoxy-7α-methoxyrosmanol (3), 19-acetoxy-12-methoxy carnosol (4), and two known named clinopodiolides A (5), and B (6), in addition to four known triterpenes, oleanolic, and ursolic acids (7, 8), 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone (9) and β-amyrin (10). The chemical structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined on the basis of one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultra violet (UV), fourier transform infrared (IR), in comparison with literature data. The in vitro bio-evaluation against alpha-glucosidase showed strong inhibitory activities of 8, 10, and 7, with the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 11.3 ± 1.0, 17.1 ± 1.0 and 22.9 ± 2.0 µg/mL, respectively, while 7 demonstrated the strongest in vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity among the tested compounds with IC50 of 12.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL. Additionally, some of the compounds showed significant antioxidant capacities. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of S. africana-lutea is a rich source of terpenoids, especially abietane diterpenes, with strong antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities that can be helpful to modulate the redox status of the body and could therefore be an excellent candidate for the prevention of the development of diabetes, a disease where oxidase stress plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G E R Etsassala
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Jelili A Badmus
- Oxidative Stress Research Unit, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd. Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Tesfaye T Waryo
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Unit, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd. Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Christopher N Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd. Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Emmanuel I Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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