1
|
Silva WJ, Cruz A, Duque G. MicroRNAs and their Modulatory Effect on the Hallmarks of Osteosarcopenia. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024:10.1007/s11914-024-00880-4. [PMID: 39162945 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome associated with disability and mortality. This review summarizes the key microRNAs that regulate the hallmarks of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Our objective was to identify components similarly regulated in the pathology and have therapeutic potential by influencing crucial cellular processes in both bone and skeletal muscle. RECENT FINDINGS The simultaneous decline in bone and muscle in osteosarcopenia involves a complex crosstalk between these tissues. Recent studies have uncovered several key mechanisms underlying this condition, including the disruption of cellular signaling pathways that regulate bone remodeling and muscle function and regeneration. Accordingly, emerging evidence reveals that dysregulation of microRNAs plays a significant role in the development of each of these hallmarks of osteosarcopenia. Although the recent recognition of osteosarcopenia as a single diagnosis of bone and muscle deterioration has provided new insights into the mechanisms of these underlying age-related diseases, several knowledge gaps have emerged, and a deeper understanding of the role of common microRNAs is still required. In this study, we summarize current evidence on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of osteosarcopenia and identify potential microRNA targets for treating this condition. Among these, microRNAs-29b and -128 are upregulated in the disease and exert adverse effects by inhibiting IGF-1 and SIRT1, making them potential targets for developing inhibitors of their activity. MicroRNA-21 is closely associated with the occurrence of muscle and bone loss. Conversely, microRNA-199b is downregulated in the disease, and its reduced activity may be related to increased myostatin and GSK3β activity, presenting it as a target for developing analogues that restore its function. Finally, microRNA-672 stands out for its ability to protect skeletal muscle and bone when expressed in the disease, highlighting its potential as a possible therapy for osteosarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Silva
- Department of Research and Development, Mirscience Therapeutics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Cruz
- Department of Research and Development, Mirscience Therapeutics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Group. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Xiang Y, Wu L, Zhang C, Han B, Cheng Y, Tong Y, Yan D, Wang L. The association between inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia-related traits: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01486-w. [PMID: 39122802 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is among the most common musculoskeletal illnesses, yet its underlying biochemical mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Identifying the relationship of inflammatory cytokines with sarcopenia components would help understand the etiology of sarcopenia. We performed a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study to explore the causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia-related traits. METHODS The study was performed in two stages using bidirectional dual-sample Mendelian randomization. We obtained aggregated statistical data on inflammatory factors, low grip strength, and ALM from genome-wide association studies. To explore the causal association between exposure and outcomes, we primarily utilized the inverse variance weighted strategy. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analyses through the use of Mendelian randomization (MR) Egger, weighted median and simple mode methods. To evaluate robustness of the results and to identify and adjust for horizontal pleiotropy, we performed the MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test, the MR Egger intercept test, and a leave-one-out analysis. RESULTS The results displayed a potential association between interleukin-10 (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.002-1.093, p = 0.042) and vascular endothelial growth factor (OR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.001-1.047, p = 0.038) and the risk of low hand-grip strength. Moreover, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.000-1.019, p = 0.042) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.003-1.017, p = 0.003) were significantly linked to a higher risk of ALM. CONCLUSION We identified a causal relationship between multiple inflammatory factors and sarcopenia-related traits. Our study offers valuable insights into innovative methods for the sarcopenia prevention and treatment by regulating inflammatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Baojuan Han
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, Wu Q, Bae EJ. Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8362. [PMID: 39125931 PMCID: PMC11312722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by diminished muscle strength and mass, arises from various causes, including malnutrition, aging, nerve damage, and disease-related secondary atrophy. Aging markedly escalates the prevalence of sarcopenia. Concurrently, the incidence of muscle atrophy significantly rises among patients with chronic ailments such as heart failure, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epigenetics plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle atrophy. Aging elevates methylation levels in the promoter regions of specific genes within muscle tissues. This aberrant methylation is similarly observed in conditions like diabetes, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the relationship between epigenetics and skeletal muscle atrophy, thereby enhancing the understanding of its pathogenesis and uncovering novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang LY, Lim AY, Hsu CC, Tsai YF, Fu TC, Shyu YC, Peng SC, Wang JS. Sustainability of exercise-induced benefits on circulating MicroRNAs and physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial with follow up. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:473. [PMID: 38816804 PMCID: PMC11137894 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating miRNAs (c-miR) have been shown to be potential biomarkers in sarcopenia, but the miRNAs response to aerobic exercise in older people remains inconclusive. We sought to examine the exercise benefits on physical fitness and miRNAs, and to explore the mediating effect of miRNAs on training-induced fitness changes. METHODS This controlled trial recruited 58 community-dwelling older adults and randomized them into exercise group (EX) and control group (CON). EX received 8-week supervised moderate intensity cycling training 3x/week. C-miR expression (c-miR-21, c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, c-miR-222), physical fitness (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness) and physical activity level (PAL, measured as in daily step counts) were evaluated at baseline, post-training, and post-16-week follow-up. The mediating effect of miRNA expression onto exercise-induced physical fitness change was determined by causal mediation analysis (CMA). RESULTS Exercise significantly improved body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness in older people while maintaining muscle mass and strength, and augmented expression of c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, and c-miR-222 for up to 16 weeks post-training. Notably, older people in EX had substantially higher daily step counts than CON throughout the study even after the active training period. However, CMA revealed no significant indirect effect but a potential mediating effect of c-miR-21, but not the rest, onto the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower limb strength. CONCLUSION An eight-week supervised MICT program promoted a higher level of physical activity up to 16 weeks post-training, which induces better cardiorespiratory fitness and resists decline in muscular measures. C-miRNA, especially c-miR-21, potentially mediates the training effect upon fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Huang
- Department of Nursing, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai Yin Lim
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Community Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Tsai
- College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Shyu
- Community Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiao Peng
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khor YS, Wong PF. MicroRNAs-associated with FOXO3 in cellular senescence and other stress responses. Biogerontology 2024; 25:23-51. [PMID: 37646881 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
FOXO3 is a member of the FOXO transcription factor family and is known for regulating cellular survival in response to stress caused by various external and biological stimuli. FOXO3 decides cell fate by modulating cellular senescence, apoptosis and autophagy by transcriptional regulation of genes involved in DNA damage response and oxidative stress resistance. These cellular processes are tightly regulated physiologically, with FOXO3 acting as the hub that integrates signalling networks controlling them. The activity of FOXO3 is influenced by post-translational modifications, altering its subcellular localisation. In addition, FOXO3 can also be regulated directly or indirectly by microRNAs (miRNAs) or vice versa. This review discusses the involvement of various miRNAs in FOXO3-driven cellular responses such as senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, redox and inflammation defence. Given that these responses are linked and influence cell fate, a thorough understanding of the complex regulation by miRNAs would provide key information for developing therapeutic strategy and avoid unintended consequences caused by off-site targeting of FOXO3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Khor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cosentino M, Forcina L, Zouhair M, Apa L, Genovese D, Boccia C, Rizzuto E, Musarò A. Modelling three-dimensional cancer-associated cachexia and therapy: The molecular basis and therapeutic potential of interleukin-6 transignalling blockade. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2550-2568. [PMID: 37727078 PMCID: PMC10751446 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Causes and mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia are not fully understood, and currently, no therapeutic approaches are available to completely reverse the cachectic phenotype. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been extensively described as a key factor in skeletal muscle physiopathology, exerting opposite roles through different signalling pathways. METHODS We employed a three-dimensional ex vivo muscle engineered tissue (X-MET) to model cancer-associated cachexia and to study the effectiveness of selective inhibition of IL-6 transignalling in counteracting the cachectic phenotype. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from C26 adenocarcinoma cells was used as a source of soluble factors contributing to the establishment of cancer cachexia in the X-MET model. A dose of 1.2 ng/mL of glycoprotein-130 fused chimaera (gp130Fc) was added to cachectic culture medium to neutralize IL-6 transignalling. RESULTS C26-conditioned medium induced a cachectic-like phenotype in the X-MET, leading to a decline of muscle mass (-60%; P < 0.001), a reduction in myosin expression (-92.4%; P < 0.005) and a reduction of the contraction frequency spectrum (-94%). C26-conditioned medium contains elevated amounts of IL-6 (8.61 ± 4.09 pg/mL) and IL6R (56.85 ± 10.96 pg/mL). These released factors activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling in the C26_CM X-MET system (phosphorylated STAT3/TOTAL +54.6%; P < 0.005), which in turn promote an enhancement of Il-6 (+69.2%; P < 0.05) and Il6r (+43%; P < 0.05) gene expression, suggesting the induction of a feed-forward loop. The selective neutralization of IL-6 transignalling, by gp130Fc, in C26_CM X-MET prevented the hyperactivation of STAT3 (-55.8%; P < 0.005), countered the reduction of cross-sectional area (+28.2%; P < 0.05) and reduced the expression of proteolytic factors including muscle ring finger-1 (-88%; P < 0.005) and ATROGIN1 (-92%; P < 0.05), thus preserving the robustness and increasing the contractile force (+20%) of the three-dimensional muscle system. Interestingly, the selective inhibition of IL-6 transignalling modulated gene regulatory networks involved in myogenesis and apoptosis, normalizing the expression of pro-apoptotic miRNAs, including miR-31 (-53.2%; P < 0.05) and miR-34c (-65%; P < 0.005), and resulting in the reduction of apoptotic pathways highlighted by the sensible reduction of cleaved caspase 3 (-92.5%; P < 0.005) in gp130Fc-treated C26_CM X-MET. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 transignalling appeared as a promising target to counter cancer cachexia-related alterations. The X-MET model has proven to be a reliable drug-screening tool to identify novel therapeutic approaches and to test them in preclinical studies, significantly reducing the use of animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Cosentino
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Mariam Zouhair
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Ludovica Apa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Desirèe Genovese
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Caterina Boccia
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza (SSAS)Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao Y, Ai Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Long X, Zhu Y, Wang L, Gu Q, Han H. Genome-wide epigenetic dynamics during postnatal skeletal muscle growth in Hu sheep. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1077. [PMID: 37872364 PMCID: PMC10593826 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophy and fiber transformation are two prominent features of postnatal skeletal muscle development. However, the role of epigenetic modifications is less understood. ATAC-seq, whole genome bisulfite sequencing, and RNA-seq were applied to investigate the epigenetic dynamics of muscle in Hu sheep at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after birth. All 6865 differentially expressed genes were assigned into three distinct tendencies, highlighting the balanced protein synthesis, accumulated immune activities, and restrained cell division in postnatal development. We identified 3742 differentially accessible regions and 11799 differentially methylated regions that were associated with muscle-development-related pathways in certain stages, like D3-M6. Transcription factor network analysis, based on genomic loci with high chromatin accessibility and low methylation, showed that ARID5B, MYOG, and ENO1 were associated with muscle hypertrophy, while NR1D1, FADS1, ZFP36L2, and SLC25A1 were associated with muscle fiber transformation. Taken together, these results suggest that DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility contributed toward regulating the growth and fiber transformation of postnatal skeletal muscle in Hu sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianlei Long
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linli Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Gu
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu JQ, Pan YK, Zhang JX, Dai SX, Xu LS. Sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis: perspectives from epigenetics and microbiota. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1264205. [PMID: 37881635 PMCID: PMC10595017 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1264205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function. It is well known that sarcopenia is often associated with aging, while in recent years, sarcopenia comorbid with chronic diseases such as cirrhosis has attracted widespread attention, whose underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Since cirrhosis and sarcopenia are assumed to be closely interrelated in terms of pathogenesis, this review innovatively discussed the role of epigenetic modifications and microecological dysregulation in sarcopenia in the context of liver cirrhosis. Here we illustrated the relationship between sarcopenia and cirrhosis in the aspect of epigenetics, dysbiosis, and the crosstalk between gene modifications and intestinal microecology. Furthermore, the alterations in cirrhosis patients with sarcopenia, such as inflammatory response and oxidative stress, are found to present synergistic effects in the pathways of epigenetics and dysbiosis leading to sarcopenia. This review proposes that microbiome-based therapies are promising to break the vicious cycle between epigenetic modification and dysbiosis, providing strong support for the use of intestinal microecological interventions to prevent sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-qi Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-ke Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-xin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-xue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Center, National Regional Medical Center, Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghafouri-Fard S, Askari A, Mahmud Hussen B, Taheri M, Kiani A. Sarcopenia and noncoding RNAs: A comprehensive review. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183312 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an elderly disease and is related to frailty and loss of muscle mass (atrophy) of older adults. The exact molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of disease are yet to be discovered. In recent years, the role of noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of almost every kind of malignant and nonmalignant conditions is pinpointed. Regarding their regulatory function, there have been an increased number of studies on the role of noncoding RNAs in the progress of sarcopenia. In this manuscript, we review the role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in development and progression of disease. We also discuss their potential as therapeutic targets in this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Askari
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Arda Kiani
- Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu YC, Ahmed A, Lai HC, Cheng WC, Yang JC, Chang WC, Chen LM, Shan YS, Ma WL. Review of the endocrine organ-like tumor hypothesis of cancer cachexia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1057930. [PMID: 36465353 PMCID: PMC9713001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1057930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of solid tumors, associated with a high prevalence of cachexia (~80%). PDAC-derived cachexia (PDAC-CC) is a systemic disease involving the complex interplay between the tumor and multiple organs. The endocrine organ-like tumor (EOLT) hypothesis may explain the systemic crosstalk underlying the deleterious homeostatic shifts that occur in PDAC-CC. Several studies have reported a markedly heterogeneous collection of cachectic mediators, signaling mechanisms, and metabolic pathways, including exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hormonal disturbance, pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, digestive and tumor-derived factors, and PDAC progression. The complexities of PDAC-CC necessitate a careful review of recent literature summarizing cachectic mediators, corresponding metabolic functions, and the collateral impacts on wasting organs. The EOLT hypothesis suggests that metabolites, genetic instability, and epigenetic changes (microRNAs) are involved in cachexia development. Both tumors and host tissues can secrete multiple cachectic factors (beyond only inflammatory mediators). Some regulatory molecules, metabolites, and microRNAs are tissue-specific, resulting in insufficient energy production to support tumor/cachexia development. Due to these complexities, changes in a single factor can trigger bi-directional feedback circuits that exacerbate PDAC and result in the development of irreversible cachexia. We provide an integrated review based on 267 papers and 20 clinical trials from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov database proposed under the EOLT hypothesis that may provide a fundamental understanding of cachexia development and response to current treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Chern Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Min Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frontera WR. Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Sarcopenia: From Cell to Functioning. Prog Rehabil Med 2022; 7:20220044. [PMID: 36118146 PMCID: PMC9437741 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20220044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed a substantial increase in human life expectancy and in the number of men and women aged 60 years and older. Aging is associated with a large number of health conditions, including sarcopenia, which has been the subject of important research in the past 30 years. Sarcopenia is characterized by an age-related loss of muscle mass, weakness, and impaired physical performance. The condition can be diagnosed with a combination of measurements of these three elements. The precise definition of sarcopenia and the selection of optimal assessment methods have changed significantly in the past 20 years; nonetheless, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the general older population is in the range of 5-15%. Molecular and cellular events at the muscle cell level impact the size and quality of muscles (force adjusted for size). The active and passive mechanical properties of single muscle fibers are altered by changes in the structure and function of various cellular elements. Systemic factors such as inflammation, loss of hormonal influence, and deleterious lifestyle choices also contribute to sarcopenia. The consequences of sarcopenia include many adverse effects such as impairments in activities of daily living, falls, loss of independence, and increased mortality. Several rehabilitative interventions have been tested, and the safest and most effective is the use of progressive resistance exercise. An increase in dietary protein intake has synergistic effects. Future research should focus on a consensus definition of sarcopenia, identification of the best assessment methods, understanding of biological mechanisms, and testing of innovative interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter R. Frontera
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports
Medicine/Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan,
Puerto Rico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dato S, Crocco P, Iannone F, Passarino G, Rose G. Biomarkers of Frailty: miRNAs as Common Signatures of Impairment in Cognitive and Physical Domains. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1151. [PMID: 36009778 PMCID: PMC9405439 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The past years have seen an increasing concern about frailty, owing to the growing number of elderly people and the major impact of this syndrome on health and social care. The identification of frail people passes through the use of different tests and biomarkers, whose concerted analysis helps to stratify the populations of patients according to their risk profile. However, their efficiency in prognosis and their capability to reflect the multisystemic impairment of frailty is discussed. Recent works propose the use of miRNAs as biological hallmarks of physiological impairment in different organismal districts. Changes in miRNAs expression have been described in biological processes associated with phenotypic outcomes of frailty, opening intriguing possibilities for their use as biomarkers of fragility. Here, with the aim of finding reliable biomarkers of frailty, while considering its complex nature, we revised the current literature on the field, for uncovering miRNAs shared across physical and cognitive frailty domains. By applying in silico analyses, we retrieved the top-ranked shared miRNAs and their targets, finally prioritizing the most significant ones. From this analysis, ten miRNAs emerged which converge into two main biological processes: inflammation and energy homeostasis. Such markers, if validated, may offer promising capabilities for early diagnosis of frailty in the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.C.); (F.I.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yedigaryan L, Gatti M, Marini V, Maraldi T, Sampaolesi M. Shared and Divergent Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cachexia and Sarcopenia. Cells 2022; 11:2293. [PMID: 35892590 PMCID: PMC9332174 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. Cachexia represents a complex multi-organ syndrome associated with cancer and chronic diseases. It is often characterized by body weight loss, inflammation, and muscle and adipose wasting. Progressive muscle loss is also a hallmark of healthy aging, which is emerging worldwide as a main demographic trend. A great challenge for the health care systems is the age-related decline in functionality which threatens the independence and quality of life of elderly people. This biological decline can also be associated with functional muscle loss, known as sarcopenia. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of muscle wasting in both cachexia and sarcopenia. These small non-coding RNAs, often carried in extracellular vesicles, inhibit translation by targeting messenger RNAs, therefore representing potent epigenetic modulators. The molecular mechanisms behind cachexia and sarcopenia, including the expression of specific miRNAs, share common and distinctive trends. The aim of the present review is to compile recent evidence about shared and divergent epigenetic mechanisms, particularly focusing on miRNAs, between cachexia and sarcopenia to understand a facet in the underlying muscle wasting associated with these morbidities and disclose potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Yedigaryan
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.Y.); (V.M.)
| | - Martina Gatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Vittoria Marini
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.Y.); (V.M.)
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.Y.); (V.M.)
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Solsona R, Borrani F, Bernardi H, Sanchez AMJ. Perspectives on Epigenetic Markers in Adaptation to Physical Exercise. Microrna 2022; 11:91-94. [PMID: 35307001 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220318140844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Solsona
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM) UR4640, Font-Romeu, France.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henri Bernardi
- INRAE, UMR866, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony M J Sanchez
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM) UR4640, Font-Romeu, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Denervated Muscular Atrophy by Bioinformatic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6042591. [PMID: 35800215 PMCID: PMC9256438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6042591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy caused by long-term denervation leads to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in a poor recovery of functional muscles and decreasing quality of life. Increasing differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of denervated muscle atrophy. However, there is still insufficient evidence to explain the role of miRNAs and their target genes in skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, an integrative exploration of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in denervated muscle atrophy is necessary. A total of 21 (16 upregulated and 5 downregulated) DEMs were screened out in the GSE81914 dataset. Med1, Myod1, Nfkb1, Rela, and Camta1 were predicted and verified to be significantly upregulated in denervated muscle atrophy, from which 6 key TF-miRNA relationship pairs, including Med1-mir-1949, Med1-mir-146b, Myod1-mir-29b, Nfkb1-mir-21, Rela-mir-21, and Camta1-mir-132, were obtained. 60 target genes were then predicted by submitting candidate DEMs to the miRNet database. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that target genes of DEMs were mainly enriched in the apoptotic process and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Through the PPI network construction, key modules and hub genes were obtained and potentially modulated by mir-29b, mir-132, and mir-133a. According to the qRT-PCR results, the expression of COL1A1 and Ctgf is opposite to their related miRNAs in denervated muscle atrophy. In the study, a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was firstly constructed in denervated muscle atrophy, in which the mir-29b-COL1A1 and mir-133a-Ctgf pathways may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
miR-126-3p and miR-21-5p as Hallmarks of Bio-Positive Ageing; Correlation Analysis and Machine Learning Prediction in Young to Ultra-Centenarian Sicilian Population. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091505. [PMID: 35563810 PMCID: PMC9099697 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ageing can be characterized by a profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), which are potentially predictors of biological age. They can be used as a biomarker of risk for age-related inflammatory outcomes, and senescent endothelial cells (ECs) have emerged as a possible source of circulating miRNAs. In this paper, a panel of four circulating miRNAs including miR-146a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-181a-5p, involved in several pathways related to inflammation, and ECs senescence that seem to be characteristic of the healthy ageing phenotype. The circulating levels of these miRNAs were determined in 78 healthy subjects aged between 22 to 111 years. Contextually, extracellular miR-146a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-181a-5p levels were measured in human ECs in vitro model, undergoing senescence. We found that the levels of the four miRNAs, using ex vivo and in vitro models, progressively increase with age, apart from ultra-centenarians that showed levels comparable to those measured in young individuals. Our results contribute to the development of knowledge regarding the identification of miRNAs as biomarkers of successful and unsuccessful ageing. Indeed, they might have diagnostic/prognostic relevance for age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Santos JMO, Peixoto da Silva S, Bastos MMSM, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Decoding the role of inflammation-related microRNAs in cancer cachexia: a study using HPV16-transgenic mice and in silico approaches. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:439-455. [PMID: 35298788 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients, and inflammation is one of its main drive factors. MicroRNAs have recently emerged as important players in cancer cachexia and are involved in reciprocal regulation networks with pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. We hypothesize that inflammation-driven cancer cachexia is regulated by specific microRNAs. The aim of this study is to explore the expression and role of inflammation-related microRNAs in muscle wasting. HPV16-transgenic mice develop systemic inflammation and muscle wasting and are a model for cancer cachexia. We employed gastrocnemius muscle samples from these mice to study the expression of microRNAs. Bioinformatic tools were then used to explore their potential role in muscle wasting. Among the microRNAs studied, miR-223-3p (p = 0.004), let-7b-5p (p = 0.034), miR-21a-5p (p = 0.034), miR-150-5p (p = 0.027), and miR-155-5p (p = 0.011) were significantly upregulated in muscles from cachectic mice. In silico analysis showed that these microRNAs participate in several processes related to muscle wasting, including muscle structure development and regulation of the MAPK pathway. When analyzing protein-protein interactions (PPI)-networks, two major clusters and the top 10 hubs were obtained. From the top 10, Kras (p = 0.050) and Ccdn1 (p = 0.009) were downregulated in cachectic muscles, as well as Map2k3 (p = 0.007). These results show that miR-223-3p, let-7b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-155-5p, play a role in muscle wasting in HPV16 transgenic mice, possible through regulating the MAPK cascades. Future experimental studies are required to validate our in silico analysis, and to explore the usefulness of these microRNAs and MAPK signaling as new potential biomarkers or therapy targets for cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida M S M Bastos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), and UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), 65080-805, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177, Porto, Portugal.
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1383-1395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
19
|
Pin F, Beltrà M, Garcia-Castillo L, Pardini B, Birolo G, Matullo G, Penna F, Guttridge D, Costelli P. Extracellular vesicles derived from tumour cells as a trigger of energy crisis in the skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:481-494. [PMID: 34931471 PMCID: PMC8818645 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a syndrome frequently occurring in cancer patients, is characterized by muscle wasting, altered energy and protein metabolism and impaired myogenesis. Tumour-derived microvesicles (TMVs) containing proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and non-coding RNAs could contribute to cancer-induced muscle wasting. METHODS Differential ultracentrifugation was used to isolate TMVs from the conditioned medium of Lewis lung carcinoma and C26 colon carcinoma cell cultures. TMVs were added to the culture medium of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes for 24-48-72 h, and the effects on protein and energy metabolism were assessed. TMVs were also isolated from the blood of C26-bearing mice. MicroRNA (miR) profile of TMVs was obtained by RNA-seq and validated by digital drop PCR. Selected miRs were overexpressed in C2C12 myoblasts to assess the effects on myogenic differentiation. RESULTS Differentiation was delayed in C2C12 myoblasts exposed to TMVs, according to reduced expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC; about 62% of controls at Day 4) and myogenin (about 68% of controls at Day 4). As for myotubes, TMVs did not affect the expression of MyHC, while revealed able to modulate mitochondria and oxidative metabolism. Indeed, reduced mRNA levels of PGC-1α (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.57 ± 0.06, normalized fold change, P < 0.05) and Cytochrome C (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.65 ± 0.04, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), associated with increased BNIP3 expression (C = 1 ± 0.1, TMV = 1.29 ± 0.2, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), were observed, suggesting reduced mitochondrial biogenesis/amount and enhanced mitophagy. These changes were paralleled by decreased oxygen consumption (C = 686.9 ± 44 pmol/min, TMV = 552.25 ± 24 pmol/min, P < 0.01) and increased lactate levels (C = 0.0063 ± 0.00045 nmol/μL, TMV = 0.0094 ± 0.00087 nmol/μL, P < 0.01). A total of 118 miRs were found in MVs derived from the plasma of the C26 hosts; however, only three of them were down-regulated (RNA-seq): miR-181a-5p (-1.46 fold change), miR-375-3p (-2.52 fold change), and miR-455-5p (-3.87 fold change). No correlation could be observed among miRs in the MVs obtained from the blood of the C26 host and those released by C26 cells in the culture medium. Overexpression of miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p in C2C12 myoblasts revealed the ability to impinge on the mRNA levels of Myf5, Myog, and MyHC (Myh4 and Myh7). CONCLUSIONS These results show that in C2C12 cultures, TMVs are able to affect both differentiation and the mitochondrial system. Such effects could be related to TMV-contained miRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Denis Guttridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang Y, Ghias K, Gupta S, Gupta A. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Exercise-Based Cancer Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivors. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1439. [PMID: 34947970 PMCID: PMC8707107 DOI: 10.3390/life11121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely investigated in cancer treatment-induced complications and as a response to physical activity, respectively, but few studies focus on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers in exercise-based cancer rehabilitation. Research has shown that certain miRNA expression is altered substantially due to tissue damage caused by cancer treatment and chronic inflammation. MiRNAs are released from the damaged tissue and can be easily detected in blood plasma. Levels of the miRNA present in peripheral circulation can therefore be used to measure the extent of tissue damage. Moreover, damage to tissues such as cardiac and skeletal muscle significantly affects the individual's health-related fitness, which can be determined using physiologic functional assessments. These physiologic parameters are a measure of tissue health and function and can therefore be correlated with the levels of circulating miRNAs. In this paper, we reviewed miRNAs whose expression is altered during cancer treatment and may correlate to physiological, physical, and psychological changes that significantly impact the quality of life of cancer survivors and their role in response to physical activity. We aim to identify potential miRNAs that can not only be used for monitoring changes that occur in health-related fitness during cancer treatment but can also be used to evaluate response to exercise-based rehabilitation and monitor individual progress through the rehabilitation programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (Y.J.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Q, Deng J, Qiu Y, Gao J, Li J, Guan L, Lee H, Zhou Q, Xiao J. Non-coding RNA basis of muscle atrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1066-1078. [PMID: 34786211 PMCID: PMC8569427 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a common complication of many chronic diseases including heart failure, cancer cachexia, aging, etc. Unhealthy habits and usage of hormones such as dexamethasone can also lead to muscle atrophy. However, the underlying mechanisms of muscle atrophy are not completely understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play vital roles in muscle atrophy. This review mainly discusses the regulation of ncRNAs in muscle atrophy induced by various factors such as heart failure, cancer cachexia, aging, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral nerve injury (PNI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), unhealthy habits, and usage of hormones; highlights the findings of ncRNAs as common regulators in multiple types of muscle atrophy; and summarizes current therapies and underlying mechanisms for muscle atrophy. This review will deepen the understanding of skeletal muscle biology and provide new strategies and insights into gene therapy for muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
MicroRNAs associated with signaling pathways and exercise adaptation in sarcopenia. Life Sci 2021; 285:119926. [PMID: 34480932 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Considering the expansion of human life-span over the past few decades; sarcopenia, a physiological consequence of aging process characterized with a diminution in mass and strength of skeletal muscle, has become more frequent. Thus, there is a growing need for expanding our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy in sarcopenia which are complex and involve many signaling pathways associated with protein degradation and synthesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as evolutionary conserved small RNAs, could complementarily bind to their target mRNAs and post-transcriptionally inhibit their translation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs contributes to the development of sarcopenia by regulating the expression of critical genes involved in age-related skeletal muscle mass loss. Here we have a review on the signaling pathways along with the miRNAs controlling their components expression and subsequently we provide a brief overview on the effects of exercise on expression pattern of miRNAs in sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang P, Zhou X, Li G, Ma H, Liu R, Zhao Y. Altered expression of microRNAs in the rat diaphragm in a model of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction after controlled mechanical ventilation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:671. [PMID: 34537009 PMCID: PMC8449218 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) is a common complication of life support by mechanical ventilation observed in critical patients in clinical practice and may predispose patients to severe complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia or ventilator discontinuation failure. To date, the alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression in the rat diaphragm in a VIDD model have not been elucidated. This study was designed to identify these alterations in expression. RESULTS Adult male Wistar rats received conventional controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) or breathed spontaneously for 12 h. Then, their diaphragm tissues were collected for RNA extraction. The miRNA expression alterations in diaphragm tissue were investigated by high-throughput microRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq). For targeted mRNA functional analysis, gene ontology (GO) analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were subsequently conducted. qRT-PCR validation and luciferase reporter assays were performed. We successfully constructed a model of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction and identified 38 significantly differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, among which 22 miRNAs were upregulated and 16 were downregulated. GO analyses identified functional genes, and KEGG pathway analyses revealed the signaling pathways that were most highly correlated, which were the MAPK pathway, FoxO pathway and Autophagy-animal. Luciferase reporter assays showed that STAT3 was a direct target of both miR-92a-1-5p and miR-874-3p and that Trim63 was a direct target of miR-3571. CONCLUSIONS The current research supplied novel perspectives on miRNAs in the diaphragm, which may not only be implicated in diaphragm dysfunction pathogenesis but could also be considered as therapeutic targets in diaphragm dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianlong Zhou
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruining Liu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China. .,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tewari RS, Ala U, Accornero P, Baratta M, Miretti S. Circulating skeletal muscle related microRNAs profile in Piedmontese cattle during different age. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15815. [PMID: 34349188 PMCID: PMC8339070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Piedmontese cattle is known for double-muscle phenotype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important role as regulators in skeletal muscle physiological processes, and we hypothesize that plasma miRNAs expression profiles could be affected by skeletal muscle growth status related to age. Plasma samples of cattle were collected during four different ages from first week of life until the time of commercial end of the fattening period before slaughter. Small-RNA sequencing data analysis revealed the presence of 40% of muscle-related miRNAs among the top 25 highly expressed miRNAs and, 19 miRNAs showed differential expression too. Using qRT-PCR, we validated in a larger bovine population, miRNAs involved in skeletal muscle physiology pathways. Comparing new-born with the other age groups, miR-10b, miR-126-5p, miR-143 and miR-146b were significantly up-regulated, whereas miR-21-5p, miR-221, miR-223 and miR-30b-5p were significantly down-regulated. High expression levels of miR-23a in all the groups were found. Myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, was predicted as the target gene for miR-23a and miR-126-5p and we demonstrated their direct binding. Correlation analysis revealed association between miRNAs expression profiles and animals’ weights along the age. Circulating miRNAs could be promising for future studies on their biomarker potentialities to beef cattle selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupal S Tewari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Impact of Melatonin and NLRP3 Inflammasome on the Expression of microRNAs in Aged Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040524. [PMID: 33801675 PMCID: PMC8066875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular aging is a complex process and underlying physiological mechanisms are not fully clear. In recent years, the participation of the NF-kB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the chronic inflammation process that accompanies the skeletal muscle's aging has been confirmed. microRNAs (miRs) form part of a gene regulatory machinery, and they control numerous biological processes including inflammatory pathways. In this work, we studied the expression of four miRs; three of them are considered as inflammatory-related miRs (miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-223), and miR-483, which is related to the regulation of melatonin synthesis, among other targets. To investigate the changes of miRs expression in muscle along aging, the impact of inflammation, and the role of melatonin in aged skeletal muscle, we used the gastrocnemius muscle of wild type (WT) and NLRP3-knockout (NLRP3-) mice of 3, 12, and 24 months-old, with and without melatonin supplementation. The expression of miRs and pro-caspase-1, caspase-3, pro-IL-1β, bax, bcl-2, and p53, was investigated by qRT-PCR analysis. Histological examination of the gastrocnemius muscle was also done. The results showed that age increased the expression of miR-21 (p < 0.01), miR-146a, and miR-223 (p < 0.05, for both miRs) in WT mice, whereas the 24-months-old mutant mice revealed decline of miR-21 and miR-223 (p < 0.05), compared to WT age. The lack of NLRP3 inflammasome also improved the skeletal muscle fibers arrangement and reduced the collagen deposits compared with WT muscle during aging. For the first time, we showed that melatonin significantly reduced the expression of miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-223 (p < 0.05 for all ones, and p < 0.01 for miR-21 at 24 months old) in aged WT mice, increased miR-223 in NLRP3- mice (p < 0.05), and induced miR-483 expression in both mice strains, this increase being significant at 24 months of age.
Collapse
|
26
|
Solsona R, Pavlin L, Bernardi H, Sanchez AMJ. Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth and Organelle Biosynthesis: Practical Recommendations for Exercise Training. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2741. [PMID: 33800501 PMCID: PMC7962973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of skeletal muscle mass and organelle homeostasis is dependent on the capacity of cells to produce proteins and to recycle cytosolic portions. In this investigation, the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mass regulation-especially those associated with proteosynthesis and with the production of new organelles-are presented. Thus, the critical roles of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and its regulators are reviewed. In addition, the importance of ribosome biogenesis, satellite cells involvement, myonuclear accretion, and some major epigenetic modifications related to protein synthesis are discussed. Furthermore, several studies conducted on the topic of exercise training have recognized the central role of both endurance and resistance exercise to reorganize sarcomeric proteins and to improve the capacity of cells to build efficient organelles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations to exercise training are presented throughout this review and practical recommendations for exercise prescription are provided. A better understanding of the aforementioned cellular pathways is essential for both healthy and sick people to avoid inefficient prescriptions and to improve muscle function with emergent strategies (e.g., hypoxic training). Finally, current limitations in the literature and further perspectives, notably on epigenetic mechanisms, are provided to encourage additional investigations on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Solsona
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UR 4640, 7 Avenue Pierre de Coubertin, 66120 Font-Romeu, France;
| | - Laura Pavlin
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE UMR866, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Henri Bernardi
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE UMR866, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Anthony MJ Sanchez
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UR 4640, 7 Avenue Pierre de Coubertin, 66120 Font-Romeu, France;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li C, Wu Q, Li Z, Wang Z, Tu Y, Chen C, Sun S, Sun S. Exosomal microRNAs in cancer-related sarcopenia: Tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs in muscle atrophy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1156-1166. [PMID: 33554647 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221990322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated sarcopenia is a complex metabolic syndrome marked by muscle mass wasting. Muscle wasting is a serious complication that is a primary contributor to cancer-related mortality. The underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer-associated sarcopenia have not been completely described to date. In general, evidence shows that the main pathophysiological alterations in sarcopenia are associated with the degradation of cellular components, an exceptional inflammatory secretome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, we highlight the prospect that several miRNAs carried by tumor-derived exosomes that have shown the ability to promote inflammatory secretion, activate catabolism, and even participate in the regulation of cellular degradation pathways can be delivered to and exert effects on muscle cells. In this review, we aim to describe the current knowledge about the functions of exosomal miRNAs in the induction of cancer-associated muscle wasting and propose potential treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Borja-Gonzalez M, Casas-Martinez JC, McDonagh B, Goljanek-Whysall K. Aging Science Talks: The role of miR-181a in age-related loss of muscle mass and function. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020; 4:81-85. [PMID: 32835152 PMCID: PMC7341035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borja-Gonzalez
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Jose C Casas-Martinez
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Brian McDonagh
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease & The Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Aging, CIMA, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|