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Guo X, Zhou L, Wang Y, Suo F, Wang C, Zhou W, Gou L, Gu M, Xu G. Development of a fast and robust liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis method for neonatal dried blood spots. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 230:115383. [PMID: 37054601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) samples have been widely used in many fields including newborn screening, with the advantages in transportation, storage and non-invasiveness. The DBS metabolomics research of neonatal congenital diseases will greatly expand the understanding of the disease. In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method for neonatal metabolomics analysis of DBS. The influences of blood volume and chromatographic effects on the filter paper on metabolite levels were studied. The levels of 11.11 % metabolites were different between 75 μL and 35 μL of blood volumes used for DBS preparation. Chromatographic effects on the filter paper occurred in DBS prepared with 75 μL whole blood and 6.67 % metabolites had different MS responses when central disks were compared with outer disks. The DBS storage stability study showed that compared with - 80 °C storage, storing at 4 °C for 1 year had obvious influences on more than half metabolites. Storing at 4 °C and - 20 °C for short term (< 14 days) and - 20 °C for longer term (1 year) had less influences on amino acids, acyl-carnitines and sphingomyelins, but greater influences on partial phospholipids. Method validation showed that this method has a good repeatability, intra-day and inter-day precision and linearity. Finally, this method was applied to investigate metabolic disruptions of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), metabolic changes of CH newborns were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Guo
- Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Feng Suo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Chuanxia Wang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Lingshan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
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Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710073. [PMID: 36077475 PMCID: PMC9456256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis.
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Wei H, Moffett JR, Amanat M, Fatemi A, Tsukamoto T, Namboodiri AM, Slusher BS. The pathogenesis of, and pharmacological treatment for, Canavan disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2467-2483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Role of Energy Metabolism in the Progression of Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111421. [PMID: 34768850 PMCID: PMC8583976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer possessing a significant risk of death. This solid tumor manifests variable clinical behaviors ranging from spontaneous regression to widespread metastatic disease. The lack of promising treatments calls for new research approaches which can enhance the understanding of the molecular background of neuroblastoma. The high proliferation of malignant neuroblastoma cells requires efficient energy metabolism. Thus, we focus our attention on energy pathways and their role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Recent studies suggest that neuroblastoma-driven extracellular vesicles stimulate tumorigenesis inside the recipient cells. Furthermore, proteomic studies have demonstrated extracellular vesicles (EVs) to cargo metabolic enzymes needed to build up a fully operative energy metabolism network. The majority of EV-derived enzymes comes from glycolysis, while other metabolic enzymes have a fatty acid β-oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle origin. The previously mentioned glycolysis has been shown to play a primary role in neuroblastoma energy metabolism. Therefore, another way to modify the energy metabolism in neuroblastoma is linked with genetic alterations resulting in the decreased activity of some tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and enhanced glycolysis. This metabolic shift enables malignant cells to cope with increasing metabolic stress, nutrition breakdown and an upregulated proliferation ratio.
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Kowalski R, Pikul P, Lewandowski K, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Pawełczyk T, Zyśk M. The cAMP Inducers Modify N-Acetylaspartate Metabolism in Wistar Rat Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1404. [PMID: 34573036 PMCID: PMC8466109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal N-acetylaspartate production appears in the presence of aspartate N-acetyltransferase (NAT8L) and binds acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA with aspartic acid. Further N-acetylaspartate pathways are still being elucidated, although they seem to involve neuron-glia crosstalk. Together with N-acetylaspartate, NAT8L takes part in oligoglia and astroglia cell maturation, myelin production, and dopamine-dependent brain signaling. Therefore, understanding N-acetylaspartate metabolism is an emergent task in neurobiology. This project used in in vitro and in vivo approaches in order to establish the impact of maturation factors and glial cells on N-acetylaspartate metabolism. Embryonic rat neural stem cells and primary neurons were maturated with either nerve growth factor, trans-retinoic acid or activators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (dibutyryl-cAMP, forskolin, theophylline). For in vivo, adult male Wistar rats were injected with theophylline (20 mg/kg b.w.) daily for two or eight weeks. Our studies showed that the N-acetylaspartate metabolism differs between primary neurons and neural stem cell cultures. The presence of glia cells protected N-acetylaspartate metabolism from dramatic changes within the maturation processes, which was impossible in the case of pure primary neuron cultures. In the case of differentiation processes, our data points to dibutyryl-cAMP as the most prominent regulator of N-acetylaspartate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kowalski
- University Clinical Center in Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Piotr Pikul
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- University Clinical Center in Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (K.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.-B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tadeusz Pawełczyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.-B.); (T.P.)
| | - Marlena Zyśk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.-B.); (T.P.)
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Scarfò G, Daniele S, Franzoni F. Antioxidant Capability and Physical Exercise in Neurobiology: A Focus in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020250. [PMID: 33562040 PMCID: PMC7915973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Zyśk M, Pikul P, Kowalski R, Lewandowski K, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Pawełczyk T. Neither Excessive Nitric Oxide Accumulation nor Acute Hyperglycemia Affects the N-Acetylaspartate Network in Wistar Rat Brain Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228541. [PMID: 33198375 PMCID: PMC7697070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-acetylaspartate network begins in neurons with N-acetylaspartate production catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase from acetyl-CoA and aspartate. Clinical studies reported a significant depletion in N-acetylaspartate brain level in type 1 diabetic patients. The main goal of this study was to establish the impact of either hyperglycemia or oxidative stress on the N-acetylaspartate network. For the in vitro part of the study, embryonic rat primary neurons were treated by using a nitric oxide generator for 24 h followed by 6 days of post-treatment culture, while the neural stem cells were cultured in media with 25–75 mM glucose. For the in vivo part, male adult Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight, ip) to induce hyperglycemia (diabetes model) and euthanized 2 or 8 weeks later. Finally, the biochemical profile, NAT8L protein/Nat8l mRNA levels and enzymatic activity were analyzed. Ongoing oxidative stress processes significantly affected energy metabolism and cholinergic neurotransmission. However, the applied factors did not affect the N-acetylaspartate network. This study shows that reduced N-acetylaspartate level in type 1 diabetes is not related to oxidative stress and that does not trigger N-acetylaspartate network fragility. To reveal why N-acetylaspartate is reduced in this pathology, other processes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Zyśk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.-B.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-2770
| | - Piotr Pikul
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Polish Academy of Science, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (P.P.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kowalski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Polish Academy of Science, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (P.P.); (R.K.)
| | | | - Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.-B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tadeusz Pawełczyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.-B.); (T.P.)
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