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Qureshi S, Lee S, Steidl W, Ritzer L, Parise M, Chaubal A, Kumar V. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Disrupts Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, Dynamics and Causes Corneal Endothelial Cell Apoptosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 37962528 PMCID: PMC10653263 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress are independently associated with corneal endothelial cell (CEnC) loss in many corneal diseases, including Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). However, the role of ER stress in mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to CEnC apoptosis is unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore the crosstalk between ER and mitochondrial stress in CEnC. Methods Human corneal endothelial cell line (HCEnC-21T) and human corneal endothelial tissues were treated with ER stressor tunicamycin. ER stress-reducing chemical 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) was used in HCEnC-21T after tunicamycin. Fuchs' corneal endothelial cell line (F35T) was used to determine differential activation of ER stress with respect to HCEnC-21T at the baseline. ER stress, mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic apoptotic, mitochondrial fission, and fusion proteins were determined using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss and ATP production at 48 hours after tunicamycin. Mitochondria dynamics (shape, area, perimeter) were also analyzed at 24 hours using transmission electron microscopy. Results Treatment of HCEnC-21T cell line with tunicamycin activated three ER stress pathways (PERK-eIF2α-CHOP, IRE1α-XBP1, and ATF6), reduced cell viability, upregulated mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic apoptotic molecules (cleaved caspase 9, caspase 3, PARP, Bax, cytochrome C), downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, initiated mitochondrial dysfunction by loss of MMP and lowering of ATP production, and caused mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation with increased expression of mitochondrial fission proteins (Fis1 and p-Drp1). Fuchs' CEnC (F35T) cell line also showed activation of the ER stress-related proteins (p-eIF2α, GRP78, CHOP, XBP1) compared to HCEnC-21T at the baseline. The 4-PBA ameliorated cell loss and reduced cleaved caspase 3 and 9, thereby rescuing tunicamycin-induced cell death but not mitochondrial bioenergetics in HCEnC-21T cell line. Conclusions Tunicamycin-induced ER stress disrupts mitochondrial bioenegetics, dynamics and contributes to the loss of CEnC viability. This novel study highlights the importance of ER-mitochondria crosstalk and its contribution to CEnCs apoptosis, seen in many corneal diseases, including FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Qureshi
- Eye and Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Stephanie Lee
- Eye and Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - William Steidl
- Eye and Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Lukas Ritzer
- Eye and Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Michael Parise
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ananya Chaubal
- Herricks High School, New Hyde Park, New York, United States
| | - Varun Kumar
- Eye and Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
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Anto EM, Sruthi CR, Krishnan L, Raghu KG, Purushothaman J. Tangeretin alleviates Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated complications in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:151-165. [PMID: 36653727 PMCID: PMC10050522 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and associated oxidative stress are involved in the genesis and progression of skeletal muscle diseases such as myositis and atrophy or muscle wasting. Targeting the ER stress and associated downstream pathways can aid in the development of better treatment strategies for these diseases with limited therapeutic approaches. There is a growing interest in identifying natural products against ER stress due to the lower toxicity and cost effectiveness. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Tangeretin, a citrus methoxyflavone found in citrus peels against Tunicamycin (pharmacological ER stress inducer)-induced ER stress and associated complications in rat skeletal muscle L6 cell lines. Treatment with Tunicamycin for a period of 24 h resulted in the upregulation of ER stress marker proteins, ER resident oxidoreductases and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Co-treatment with Tangeretin was effective in alleviating Tunicamycin-induced ER stress and associated redox-related complications by significantly downregulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER resident oxidoreductase proteins, cellular ROS and improving the antioxidant enzyme activity. Tunicamycin also induced upregulation of phosphorylated p38 MAP Kinase and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Tangeretin significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated p38 MAP Kinase and improved the mitochondrial membrane potential. From the results, it is evident that Tangeretin can be explored further as a potential candidate for skeletal muscle diseases involving protein misfolding and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Anto
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - C R Sruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lekshmy Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Jayamurthy Purushothaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Thoma A, Earl KE, Goljanek-Whysall K, Lightfoot AP. Major histocompatibility complex I-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the secretion of pro-inflammatory muscle-derived cytokines. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:6032-6041. [PMID: 36426551 PMCID: PMC9753450 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I is an important component of intracellular antigen presentation. However, improper expression of MHC I upon the cell surface has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Myositis is a rare acquired autoimmune disease which targets skeletal muscle, and MHC I overexpression on the surface of muscle fibres and immune cell infiltration are clinical hallmarks. MHC I overexpression may have an important pathogenic role, mediated by the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Given the evidence that muscle is a diverse source of cytokines, we aimed to investigate whether MHC I overexpression can modify the profile of muscle-derived cytokines and what role the ER stress pathway may play. Using C2C12 myoblasts we overexpressed MHC I with a H-2kb vector in the presence or absence of salubrinal an ER stress pathway modifying compound. MHC I overexpression induced ER stress pathway activation and elevated cytokine gene expression. MHC I overexpression caused significant release of cytokines and chemokines, which was attenuated in the presence of salubrinal. Conditioned media from MHC I overexpressing cells induced in vitro T-cell chemotaxis, atrophy of healthy myotubes and modified mitochondrial function, features which were attenuated in the presence of salubrinal. Collectively, these data suggest that MHC I overexpression can induce pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release from C2C12 myoblasts, a process which appears to be mediated in-part by the ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Thoma
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kate E Earl
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Institute for Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adam P Lightfoot
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223070. [PMID: 36428301 PMCID: PMC9686882 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or guanosine triphosphatase KRAS, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that KRAS can promote cytokine secretion, cell chemotaxis, and survival. However, its effects on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells are unclear. In this study, the effects of KRAS inhibition on cell metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and lipid composition as well as the potential mechanisms were detected in an immortalized dairy cow mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The results showed that inhibition of KRAS changed the lipid composition (especially the triglyceride level), mitochondrial functions, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cells. Moreover, KRAS inhibition regulated the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38) activation. These results indicated that regulation of KRAS would affect the synthesis and composition of milk fat. These results are also helpful for exploring the synthesis and secretion of milk fat at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for improving the percentage of fat in milk and the yield of milk from cows.
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Nieblas B, Pérez-Treviño P, García N. Role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and contraction of skeletal muscle. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:959844. [PMID: 36275635 PMCID: PMC9585326 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.959844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a critical role in the regulation of the energy balance of the organism, particularly as the principal tissue responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and as the major site of peripheral insulin resistance (IR), which has been related to accumulation of lipid intermediates, reduced oxidative capacity of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These organelles form contact sites, known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). This interconnection seems to be involved in various cellular processes, including Ca2+ transport and energy metabolism; therefore, MAMs could play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Evidence suggests that alterations in MAMs may contribute to IR. However, the evidence does not refer to a specific subcellular location, which is of interest due to the fact that skeletal muscle is constituted by oxidative and glycolytic fibers as well as different mitochondrial populations that appear to respond differently to stimuli and pathological conditions. In this review, we show the available evidence of possible differential responses in the formation of MAMs in skeletal muscle as well as its role in insulin signaling and the beneficial effect it could have in the regulation of energetic metabolism and muscular contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Nieblas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Experimental Medicine and Advanced Therapies, The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Experimental Medicine and Advanced Therapies, The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Noemí García
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Experimental Medicine and Advanced Therapies, The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- *Correspondence: Noemí García,
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Yamada T, Ashida Y, Tamai K, Kimura I, Yamauchi N, Naito A, Tokuda N, Westerblad H, Andersson DC, Himori K. Improved skeletal muscle fatigue resistance in experimental autoimmune myositis mice following high-intensity interval training. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:156. [PMID: 35761371 PMCID: PMC9235155 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle weakness and decreased fatigue resistance are key manifestations of systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAMs). We here examined whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves fatigue resistance in the skeletal muscle of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) mice, a widely used animal model for SAM. Methods Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control (CNT) or EAM groups (n = 28 in each group). EAM was induced by immunization with three injections of myosin emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. The plantar flexor (PF) muscles of mice with EAM were exposed to either an acute bout or 4 weeks of HIIT (a total of 14 sessions). Results The fatigue resistance of PF muscles was lower in the EAM than in the CNT group (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with decreased activities of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase and increased expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins (glucose-regulated protein 78 and 94, and PKR-like ER kinase) (P < 0.05). HIIT restored all these alterations and increased the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (I, III, and IV) in the muscles of EAM mice (P < 0.05). Conclusions HIIT improves fatigue resistance in a SAM mouse model, and this can be explained by the restoration of mitochondria oxidative capacity via inhibition of the ER stress pathway and PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Evinova A, Hatokova Z, Tatarkova Z, Brodnanova M, Dibdiakova K, Racay P. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction but not mitochondrial unfolded protein response in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:965-975. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Zhou Y, Murugan DD, Khan H, Huang Y, Cheang WS. Roles and Therapeutic Implications of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081167. [PMID: 34439415 PMCID: PMC8388996 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In different pathological states that cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium depletion, altered glycosylation, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, DNA damage or energy perturbation/fluctuations, the protein folding process is disrupted and the ER becomes stressed. Studies in the past decade have demonstrated that ER stress is closely associated with pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Excess nutrients and inflammatory cytokines associated with metabolic diseases can trigger or worsen ER stress. ER stress plays a critical role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Signaling pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor have been identified to regulate ER stress, whilst ER stress contributes to the imbalanced production between nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress. Several drugs or herbs have been proved to protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress. The present article reviews the involvement of ER stress and oxidative stress in cardiovascular dysfunction and the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +853-8822-4914
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