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Ahmed AS, Mathew LS, Mona MM, Docmac OK, Ibrahim HA, Elshamy AM, Hantash EM, Elsisy RA. Exercise protects the hypothalamus morphology from the deleterious effects of high sucrose diet consumption. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:481-490. [PMID: 38777994 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that elevated sucrose intake may contribute to the development of neurological disorders. Recognizing that regular exercise has the potential to reduce the occurrence of neuromuscular disorders, the present research investigated the impact of exercise on the redox status of the hypothalamus in mitigating the adverse effects associated with high sucrose intake. Forty Wistar albino rats were subjected to a high sucrose diet, with some groups engaging in exercise for a duration of 3 months. The exercise regimen was found to sustain the redox balance in the hypothalamus. In summary, the consumption of a high sucrose diet resulted in the disturbance of the histological morphology of the hypothalamus, accompanied by an increased percentage of caspase-3 positive cells. Additionally, the high sucrose diet disrupted the oxidant/antioxidant ratio in favor of oxidants, leading to elevated levels of AOPPs and AGEP. Conversely, exercise was effective in restoring most of these values to levels approximating the control group, indicating a potential protective effect of regular exercise against the detrimental impacts of high sucrose dietary consumption on the hypothalamus. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Ahmed
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt.
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Liju S Mathew
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marwa M Mona
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Omaima K Docmac
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Amira M Elshamy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Ehab M Hantash
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elsisy
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
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Tuell D, Ford G, Los E, Stone W. The Role of Glutathione and Its Precursors in Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:184. [PMID: 38397782 PMCID: PMC10885928 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major worldwide health crisis affecting about 6.2% of the world's population. Alarmingly, about one in five children in the USA have prediabetes. Glutathione (GSH) and its precursors play a promising role in the prevention and management of type T2D. Oxidative stress (OxS) is a probable factor in both T2D initiation and progression. GSH is the major cytosolic water-soluble chemical antioxidant and emerging evidence supports its role in improving T2D outcomes. Dietary supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or glycine (GLY), which are GSH precursors, has also been studied for possible beneficial effects on T2D. This review will focus on the underlying pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms linking GSH and its precursors with T2D and OxS. In addition to their traditional antioxidant roles, the in vivo effects of GSH/NAC/GLY supplements will be evaluated for their potential abilities to modulate the complex pro-oxidant pathophysiological factors (e.g., hyperglycemia) driving T2D progression. Positive feedback loops that amplify OxS over long time intervals are likely to result in irreversible T2D micro- and macro-vascular damage. Most clinical studies with GSH/NAC/GLY have focused on adults or the elderly. Future research with pediatric populations should be a high priority since early intervention is critical.
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Allegra M. Redox Regulation of Metabolic Syndrome: From Biochemical Mechanisms to Nutritional Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050638. [PMID: 33921926 PMCID: PMC8143482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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